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Inhibitory effect of 2,4-dichlorophenol on nitrogen removal in a sequencing batch reactor
Jun-Wei Lim,Si-Ling Ng,Siok-Moi Khor,Chye-Eng Seng 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.29 No.7
We examined the inhibitory effect of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) on nitrogen removal in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system. The reactor was operated with FILL, REACT (nitrification: denitrification), SETTLE,DRAW and IDLE phases in the duration ratio of 2 : 12 (9 : 3) : 1 : 1 : 8 for a 24 h cycle time. The deterioration of 2,4-DCP removal efficiency from 100 to 41% was observed when the influent concentration of 2,4-DCP was increased to 30mg/L. The residual 2,4-DCP remaining in the mixed liquor was found to inhibit the nitrification process, resulting in the decrease of nitrogen removal efficiency to 25 %. For kinetic study, the result showed that the experimental data of ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) removal at every stage fitted well to the first-order kinetics equation with high R2 values. The rate constant of AN removal, kAN, decreased with increasing influent concentration of 2,4-DCP, from 0.053 to 0.0006/min when 2,4-DCP concentration increased from 0 to 30 mg/L, respectively. However, the observed gradual recovering of AN removal with respect to the removal efficiency and kinetics during the recovery stage indicated that the inhibitory effect of 2,4-DCP on the nitrification process was reversible.
Jun-Rui Pang,Sher-Wei How,Kah-Hui Wong,Siew-Huah Lim,Siew-Moi Phang,Yoon-Yen Yow 한국수산과학회 2022 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.25 No.2
Anti-cholinesterase (ChE)s are commonly prescribed as the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. They are applied to prevent the breakdown of neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) that bind to muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in the synaptic cleft. Seaweeds are one of the richest sources of bioactive compounds for both nutraceuticals and pharmacognosy applications. This study aimed to determine the anti-ChEs activity of Gracilaria manilaensis, one of the red seaweeds notables for its economic importance as food and raw materials for agar production. Methanol extracts (GMM) of G. manilaensis were prepared through maceration, and further purified with column chromatography into a semi-pure fraction. Ellman assay was carried out to determine the anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and anti-butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities of extracts and fractions. Lineweaver- Burk plot analysis was carried out to determine the inhibition kinetic of potent extract and fraction. Major compound(s) from the most potent fraction was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). GMM and fraction G (GMMG) showed significant inhibitory activity AChE with EC50 of 2.6 mg/mL and 2.3 mg/mL respectively. GMM and GMMG exhibit mixed-inhibition and uncompetitive inhibition respectively against AChE. GMMG possesses neuroprotective compounds such as cynerine A, graveolinine, militarinone A, eplerenone and curumenol. These findings showed a promising insight of G. manilaensis to be served as a nutraceutical for neuronal health care in the future.
Zou, Jun,Fu, Donghui,Gong, Huihui,Qian, Wei,Xia, Wei,Pires, J. Chris,Li, RuiYuan,Long, Yan,Mason, Annaliese S.,Yang, Tae‐,Jin,Lim, Yong P.,Park, Beom S.,Meng, Jinling Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 The Plant journal Vol.68 No.2
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Interspecific hybridization is a significant evolutionary force as well as a powerful method for crop breeding. Partial substitution of the AA subgenome in <I>Brassica napus</I> (A<SUP>n</SUP>A<SUP>n</SUP>C<SUP>n</SUP>C<SUP>n</SUP>) with the <I>Brassica rapa</I> (A<SUP>r</SUP>A<SUP>r</SUP>) genome by two rounds of interspecific hybridization resulted in a new introgressed type of <I>B.?napus</I> (A<SUP>r</SUP>A<SUP>r</SUP>C<SUP>n</SUP>C<SUP>n</SUP>). In this study, we construct a population of recombinant inbred lines of the new introgressed type of <I>B.?napus</I>. Microsatellite, intron‐based and retrotransposon markers were used to characterize this experimental population with genetic mapping, genetic map comparison and specific marker cloning analysis. Yield‐related traits were also recorded for identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs). A remarkable range of novel genomic alterations was observed in the population, including simple sequence repeat (SSR) mutations, chromosomal rearrangements and retrotransposon activations. Most of these changes occurred immediately after interspecific hybridization, in the early stages of genome stabilization and derivation of experimental lines. These novel genomic alterations affected yield‐related traits in the introgressed <I>B.?napus</I> to an even greater extent than the alleles alone that were introgressed from the A<SUP>r</SUP> subgenome of <I>B.?rapa</I>, suggesting that genomic changes induced by interspecific hybridization are highly significant in both genome evolution and crop improvement.</P>
Design and Implementation of a Disease and Protein Analysis System
Hyo Joon Lee,Jun Ho Park,Myung Ho Yeo,Ji Hee Lee,Li He,Gwang Goo Kang,Hyun Ho Kwon,Jin Ju Lee,Jong Tae Lim,Yong Jin Jang,Bao Wei Wei,Mi-Kyoung Kim,Jea Woon Ryu,Hak Yong Kim,Jae Soo Yoo 한국콘텐츠학회 2010 ICCC International Digital Design Invitation Exhib Vol.2010 No.12
Jiwei Guo,Aik Yong Chok,Hui Jun Lim,Wei Xuan Tay,Weng Kit Lye,Lasitha Bhagya Samarakoon,Emile John Tan,Ronnie Mathew 대한대장항문학회 2021 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.37 No.3
Purpose: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported to predict adverse survival outcomes among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). This study evaluates the prognostic value of NLR among patients with obstructing CRC who successfully underwent stenting before curative surgery. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent stenting before surgery. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, perioperative outcomes, recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. NLR was calculated from the differential white blood cell counts at least 4 days after successful stenting, before elective surgery. Op- timal cutoff to dichotomize NLR was obtained by maximizing log-rank test statistic with recursive partitioning of Kaplan- Meier RFS and OS curves. The optimal cutoff for high NLR was ≥ 5 at presentation before stenting, and ≥ 4 after stenting. Results: Fifty-seven patients with localized obstructing CRC underwent successful endoscopic stenting before curative sur- gery. High NLR was associated with lymphovascular invasion (P=0.006) and apical lymph node involvement (P=0.034). Major perioperative complication(s) (hazard ratio [HR], 11.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.49 to 51.56; P<0.01) and high NLR (HR, 3.69; 95% CI, 1.46 to 9.35; P < 0.01) negatively impacted OS on univariate and multivariate analyses. High NLR negatively impacted RFS on univariate analysis (HR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.29 to 6.60; P = 0.01). Conclusion: NLR of ≥ 4 after stenting is an independent prognostic factor among patients with obstructing localized CRC who are successfully decompressed by endoscopic stenting before curative surgery.
Areeb Shehzad,Mohammed J. K. Bashir,Sumathi Sethupathi,Jun-Wei Lim,Muhammad Younas 한국자원공학회 2016 Geosystem engineering Vol.19 No.6
Increasing awareness of the energy–environment centers leads to the development of new technologies that have a direct impact on energy production and consumption during environmental remediation. Bioelectrochemical system (BES) is anticipated to be the emerging technology for the simultaneous removal/recovery of resources such as energy, nutrients, water, and heavy metals. Organic compounds inside the leachate are oxidized by micro-organisms which in turn lead to the production of energy and other value-added resources. Through the integration of membrane process such as forward osmosis in BES will help to recover the high-quality water for applications like agricultural. Recovery of metals is largely affected by uncertainty in concentration but still recovery of metal is achievable in leachate. Phosphorous and ammonia can be recovered through cathode reduction reactions driven by electricity generation. Low bioavailability of landfill leachate is one of the major challenges for BES which can be improved through proper pretreatment of landfill leachate. Another challenge of achieving the metal recovery from leachate is the low concentration of heavy metals. System scaling up remains as a great confront, especially for BES as energy production and consumption balance needs to be well understood. This review paper identified the key challenges, opportunities, and future recommendations for the recovery of resources from leachate using BES.