http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Cadmium이 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)의 면역 반응에 미치는 영향
변주영,유민호,전려진,이형호,정현도 한국어병학회 2001 한국어병학회지 Vol.14 No.2
어류의 면역반응에 대한 cadmium (Cd)의 영향을 분석하기 위하여 넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus)를 각기 다른 방향으로 Cd에 노출시킨 후 특이적 면역반응의 변화와 Edrwrdsiella tarda KFE (E. tarda KFE)의 인위감염에 대한 저항성을 분석하였다. E. tarda KFE의 formalin killed cell (FKC)로 면역시키기 2주전부터 계속하여 실험 기간동안 침지법으로 Cd(20ppb)에 노출된 시험구는 노출되지 않은 시험구와 양성 대조구보다 혈청 내 특이 항체가가 빠르게 최고치에 이르렀으나, 감소속도는 노출시키지 않은 양성 대조구에 비하여 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 경향은 splenocytes를 ELISPOT-assay (enzyme-linked immunospot assay)를 이용하여 특이 항체 생성 세포 (specific antibody secreting cell, SASC) 수를 분석해 보았을 때에도 동일하게 나타났다. 그러나 면역 전 2주 동안만 Cd에 노출시킨 시험구에서는 혈청내 항체생성 결과와는 달리 증가된 SASC의 수를 보여 주었다. 그리고 면역 2주 전부터 실험 전기간동안 계속해서 Cd에 노출시킨 넙치를 대상으로 하여 E. tarda FKC 생균으로 인위 감염시켰을 때 100% 폐사율을 보여 주었다. 이것은 Cd에 지속적으로 노출된 어류에서의 방어 체계는 면역반응뿐만 아니라 독성효과도 함께 고려되어야 하는 복합적인 것임을 확인 할 수 있었다. Olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus known as an one of the major aquacultured species in Korea were exposed to cadmium(Cd) with different protocols and analyzed the effects of exposure on the immune response. Antibody levels in sera of the group exposed to Cd(20ppb) by immersion method from 2 weeks before immuniztion with formalinised Edwardsiella tarda(E. tarda) KFE entigen to the end of experiment reached to peak level faster than that of the non-exposed group. After this peaking time the levels decreased much at a faster rate compared to the non-exposed group. This tendency was also appeared in the numbers of specific antibody secreting cells(SASC) analyzed with the enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT)-assay technique in the splenocytes of the experimental groups exposed to Cd with different ways. Interestingly, the group exposed to Cd for 2 weeks before immunization also showed increased numbers of SASC unlikely the antibody production and suggested a more critical influence of cadmium exposure in early stage of immune reaction. Artificial infection with live E. tarda KFE induces 100% mortality in the flounder exposed to cadmium throughout the experimental period from two weeks before the immunization. It may imply that some other factors related to specific immunity are involving in the defence system of flounder exposed to Cd. Taked together. Cd exposure may induce temporaily stimulatory or indhibitory effects on the immune reaction, but suppress the physiological systems for the resistant against the infective agents with other toxic effects.
Quasi-renewal 이론을 이용한 발전설비의 불완전한 유지보수 예방정비 계획
金亨埈(Hyung-Jun Kim),卞隆泰(Yoong-Tae Byun),金鎭吾(Jin-O Kim),李埈敬(Jun-Kyong Lee) 대한전기학회 2008 전기학회논문지 Vol.57 No.5
Recently, the research of PM (Preventive Maintenance) method on the RCM(Reliability-Centered Maintenance) of the system equipment is being actively advanced for a few years. For the most of the current power equipment maintenance, the state of the equipment after maintenance is assumed to be becoming 'as good as new ones' state. However, the state of the power equipment is maintained like the states of the between 'as good as new ones' and 'as bad as old ones' by imperfect maintenance that implies the life decrease of the equipment by frequent breakdown, the error of maintenance process, and so on. So, the Maintenance method considering the real case has to reflect Imperfect maintenance than perfect maintenance. This paper suggests the Preventive Maintenance method by using Quasi - Renewal Theory for the gas turbine equipment as deliberating the imperfect maintenance for the real cases.