Estimation of Carbon Sequestration and Its Profit Analysis with Different Application Rates of Biochar during Corn Cultivation Periods

신중두,최용수,이선일,Shin, JoungDu,Choi, Yong-Su,Lee, SunIl Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association 2016 유기물자원화 Vol.25 No.3

바이오차 시용이 토양비옥도나 온실가스 완화에 기여하는 것 외에, 경작지 시용에 따른 탄소격리 및 순익 분석이 평가된바 거의 없다. 본 연구는 옥수수 재배 기간 동안 온실가스 완화에 대한 이익을 평가하고, 탄소격리를 산정하기 위해 수행되었다. 본 실험의 처리구는 돈분처리구, 돈분을 퇴비로 시용하면서 바이오차 처리를 2,600(0.2%), 13,000(1%), 및 26,000(2%) kg/ha로 나누어 시용하였다. 바이오차 시용에 따른 탄소 격리량을 예측하기 위해 Y = 0.5523X - 742.57 ($r^2=0.939^{**}$) 일차 모형식을 유도하였으며, 본 수식을 바탕으로 바이오차 0.2, 1 및 2% 시용 시 탄소 격리량은 각각 1,235, 3,978, 및 14,794 kg/ha로 산정되었고, 온실가스 완화는 각각 4.5, 14.6, 및 54.2 ton/ha로 평가 되었다. 이에 대한 이익 평가는 적게는 $14.6, 많게는 $452로 산정되었다. 또한 한국 기후변화 시장의 이산화탄소 시장 거래가로는 바이오차 0.2, 1 및 2% 시용 시 $35.6, $115.3 및 $428.2로 나타났다. 바이오차 시용에 대한 작물 재배에 있어, 초장과 수량은 처리간에 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 따라서 본 실험결과는 농사활동에서 바이오차를 토양에 시용함으로서 탄소 배출건 거래제가 시행된다는 전제 조건하에 기초자료가 될 것이다. Despite the ability of biochar to enhance soil fertility and to mitigate greenhouse gas, its carbon sequestration and profit analysis with arable land application have been a few evaluated. This study was conducted to estimate carbon sequestration and to evaluate profit of greenhouse gas mitigation during corn cultivation periods. For the experiment, the biochar application rates were consisted of pig compost(non application), 2,600(0.2%), 13,000(1%), and 26,000(2%) kg/ha based on pig compost application. For predicting soil carbon sequestration of biochar application, it was appeared to be linear model of Y = 0.5523X - 742.57 ($r^2=0.939^{**}$). Based on this equation, soil carbon sequestration by 0.2, 1 and 2% biochar application was estimated to be 1,235, 3,978, and 14,794 kg/ha, and their mitigations of $CO_2$-eq. emissions were estimated to be 4.5, 14.6, and 54.2 ton/ha, respectively. Their profits were estimated at $14.6 for lowest and $452 for highest. In Korea Climate Exchange, it was estimated that the market price of $CO_2$ in corn cultivation periods with 0.2, 1 and 2% biochar application was $35.6, $115.3 and $428.2 per hectare, respectively. For the plant growth response, it was observed that plant height and fresh ear yield were not significantly different among the treatments. Therefore, these experimental results might be fundamental data for assuming a carbon trading mechanism exists for biochar soil application in agricultural practices.

Predicting Methane Production on Anaerobic Digestion to Crop Residues and Biomass Loading Rates

신중두,홍승길,박상원,김현욱,Shin, JoungDu,Hong, Seung-Gil,Park, SangWon,Kim, HyunWook Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association 2016 유기물자원화 Vol.25 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 농업에서 발생하는 식물체 잔사 종류별 투입비율에 따른 메탄 잠재 발생량을 예측하는 것이다. 바이오가스를 생산하기 위하여 보릿짚 및 유채대 등의 식물체 잔사를 다양한 투입율로 사용하여 세륨병에서 실험을 수행하였다. 표면 방법론의 운동방법을 통하여 메탄 생산은 Gomperz 수식에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 중온소화 시 식물체 잔사별 바이오가스 생산에 있어, 최대생산량은 보릿짚 및 유채대 투입율 1%로 혐기소화 후 각각 6.8일에 37.2 mL/g과 7.5일에 28.0 mL/g로 나타났다. 중온소화 시 메탄 함량은 보릿짚 및 유채대 투입율 5%로 혐기소화 후 각각 5.5일에 61.7%와 3.4일에 75.0%로 가장 높게 관측되었다. 중온 소화시 최대 메탄 잠재발생량은 1% 보릿짚 투입율에서 159.59 mL/g 와 3% 유채대 투입율에서 156.62 mL/g로 산정되었다. 전반적으로 중온소화 시 바이오매스 투입율은 유채대 3% 및 보릿짚 1%를 투입하는 것이 적정 비율인 것으로 나타났다. Objective of this experiment was to predict the potential methane production with crop residues at different loading rates. Anaerobic digestion of barley and rapeseed straw substrates for biogas production was performed in Duran bottles at various biomass loading rates with crop residues. Through kinetic model of surface methodology, the methane production was fitted to a Gompertz equation. For the biogas production at mesophilic digestion with crop residues, it was observed that maximum yield was 37.2 and 28.0 mL/g at 6.8 and 7.5 days after digestion with 1% biomass loading rates of barley and rapeseed straws, respectively. For the methane content of mesophilic digestion, there were highest at 61.7% after 5.5 days and 75.0% after 3.4 days of digestion with barley and rapeseed straw on both 5% biomass loading rates, respectively. The maximum methane production potentials were 159.59 mL/g for 1% barley straw and 156.62 mL/g for 3% rapeseed straw at mesophilic digestion. Overall, it would be strongly recommended that biomass loading rate was an optimum rate at mesophilic digestion for using 1% barley and 3% rapeseed straws for feed stocks.

토양 Column을 이용한 벼 재배 시 바이오차 팰렛의 양분용출 특성

신중두(JoungDu Shin) 유기성자원학회 2018 유기물자원화 Vol.26 No.3

본 연구는 토양 칼럼에 벼를 재배하면서 바이오차 팰렛처리에 따른 침출 수 및 토양 중의 작물 양분 이동 동태를 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 칼럼 실험을 위한 시험구 처리는 돈분퇴비처리구를 대조구, 100% 돈분퇴비 팰렛구, 바이오차 팰렛 그리고 완효성비료 처리구로 구성되어있다. 연구 결과로서, 침출수 중의 NH 4 -N의 농도는 이양후 35일을 정점으로 점차적으로 감소하였으며, NO 3 -N의 농도는 이양 후 63-98일 사이에 가장 높게 관측 되었다. 침출수 중의 돈분 팰렛 및 바이오차 팰렛 처리구에서 PO 4 -P의 농도가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 침출수 중의 K의 함량이 대조구에서 가장 높게 보인 반면, 완효성비료 처리구에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 토양의 깊이별 NH 4 -N의 농도는 40-60cm사이가 가장 높게 났으며, 돈분 팰렛 처리구를 제외하고 처리구 간에 유의차가 없었다. 또한 토양 깊이가 깊을수록 NH 4 -N의 농도가 높게 관측 되었다. 반면에 PO 4 -P의 농도는 완효성비료 처리구를 제외하고 토양깊이가 깊을수록 낮게 나타났다. 대조구에서 PO 4 -P의 농도가 가장 높았다. 토양중의 가리의 이동 패턴은 대조구와 돈분 퇴비 팰렛구, 그리고 바이오차 팰렛구와 완효성처리구가 비슷한 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 벼 재배 시 바이오차 팰렛을 시용함으로쎄 식물 양분 이동에 의한 손실을 줄일 수 있는 것으로 사료 되다. This experiment was conducted to investigate nutrient leaching and mobility through soil column for application of biochar pellet during rice cultivation. For nutrient leaching through soil column experiment, it was also consisted with four treatments as control, 100% of pig manure compost pellet (PMCP), biochar pellet (pig manure compost:biochar, 6:4)(BP), and slow release fertilizer (SRF). For experimental results, it was observed that NH 4 -N concentration in the leachate was gradually decreased at pick of 35 days and NO 3 -N concentration was highest from 60 to 98 days after transplanting. PO 4 -P concentration in the leachate was shown to be lowest in the PMCP and BP. K concentration in the leachate was highest in the control, but lowest in SRF. For mobility of nutrient in soil depths, it shown that NH 4 -N concentrations were highest from 40 to 60cm and did not significantly different among treatments except the control. It was observed that the deeper depth, the higher concentration for NH 4 -N concentrations, but for PO 4 -P concentrations the deeper depth, the lower concentration. And also PO 4 -P concentration was highest in the control. For K mobility in soil, its pattern was appeared to be approximately same between the control and PMCP, and between BP and SRF. Therefore, it might be potential to be applied biochar pellet to reduce mobility of plant nutrients for rice cultivation.

Estimation of Fractionated Carbon and Nitrogen Losses from Runoff Water from Corn(Zea mays) Field Applied Different Organic Composts

JoungDu Shin(신중두),Sun-Ill Lee(이선일),Woo-Kyun Park(박우균),Yong-Su Choi(최용수),Seung-Gil Hong(홍승길) 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2013 No.10

혐기 소화 시 식물체 잔사 및 투입량에 따른 메탄 생산량 예측

신중두(JoungDu Shin),홍승길(Seung-Gil Hong),박상원(SangWon Park),김현욱(HyunWook Kim) 유기성자원학회 2016 유기물자원화 Vol.24 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 농업에서 발생하는 식물체 잔사 종류별 투입비율에 따른 메탄 잠재 발생량을 예측하는 것이다. 바이오가스를 생산하기 위하여 보릿짚 및 유채대 등의 식물체 잔사를 다양한 투입율로 사용하여 세륨병에서 실험을 수행하였다. 표면 방법론의 운동방법을 통하여 메탄 생산은 Gomperz 수식에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 중온소화 시 식물체 잔사별 바이오가스 생산에 있어, 최대생산량은 보릿짚 및 유채대 투입율 1%로 혐기소화 후 각각 6.8일에 37.2 mL/g과 7.5일에 28.0 mL/g로 나타났다. 중온소화 시 메탄 함량은 보릿짚 및 유채대 투입율 5%로 혐기소화 후 각각 5.5일에 61.7%와 3.4일에 75.0%로 가장 높게 관측되었다. 중온 소화시 최대 메탄 잠재발생량은 1% 보릿짚 투입율에서 159.59 mL/g 와 3% 유채대 투입율에서 156.62 mL/g로 산정되었다. 전반적으로 중온소화 시 바이오매스 투입율은 유채대 3% 및 보릿짚 1%를 투입하는 것이 적정 비율인 것으로 나타났다. Objective of this experiment was to predict the potential methane production with crop residues at different loading rates. Anaerobic digestion of barley and rapeseed straw substrates for biogas production was performed in Duran bottles at various biomass loading rates with crop residues. Through kinetic model of surface methodology, the methane production was fitted to a Gompertz equation. For the biogas production at mesophilic digestion with crop residues, it was observed that maximum yield was 37.2 and 28.0 mL/g at 6.8 and 7.5 days after digestion with 1% biomass loading rates of barley and rapeseed straws, respectively. For the methane content of mesophilic digestion, there were highest at 61.7% after 5.5 days and 75.0% after 3.4 days of digestion with barley and rapeseed straw on both 5% biomass loading rates, respectively. The maximum methane production potentials were 159.59 mL/g for 1% barley straw and 156.62 mL/g for 3% rapeseed straw at mesophilic digestion. Overall, it would be strongly recommended that biomass loading rate was an optimum rate at mesophilic digestion for using 1% barley and 3% rapeseed straws for feed stocks.

벼 재배 시 바이오차 펠렛 비료 시용에 대한 농업환경 영향 평가

신중두 ( Joungdu Shin ),박도균 ( Dogyun Park ),김희선 ( Huiseon Kim ),최은정 ( Eunjong Choi ),이선일 ( Sunil Lee ),박상원 ( Sangwon Park ),박광호 ( Kwang-ho Park ),정인호 ( In-ho Jung ) 한국환경농학회 2020 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2020 No.-

Objective of this experiment was to investigate the agro-environmental effect in rice paddy and water system during rice cultivation. The treatments consisted of control (9-4.5-5.7 kg 10a^-1, N-P-K and 250 kg 10a^-1 of pig manure compost application), supplemented rice hull black carbon pellet (SRHBPN-40%, 3.6 kg 10a^-1 based on TN) and activated palm biochar pellet (SAPBPN-40%, 3.6 kg 10a^-1 based on TN). The results showed that NH₄⁺ -N concentrations were abruptly decreased at 7 days after rice transplant, while low NO₃^--N concentrations were continuously enumerated until 58 days after transplant in the paddy water regardless of treatments. PO₄^--P concentrations in the control were higher than the other treatment through rice cultivation periods except for 7 days after transplant. K+ concentrations were continuously decreased with delaying the growth period. SiO₂ concentrations did not significantly different among the treatment. For the paddy soil,the mineralization and nitrification rates were abruptly decreased at 37 days and 15 days after transplant in whole treatments, respectively. P₂O₅ concentrations were eventually increased through 87 days of cultivation periods and then decreased until harvesting time. K₂O concentrations were abruptly increased from 87 days after transplant to the harvest in whole treatments. The highest carbon sequestration was 1.9 tonnes ha^-1 in the MRHBPN-40%, For the greenhouse gases, CH₄ emissions in the APBPN-40% were observed to be lowest, while N₂O emissions were lowest until 37 days after transplant in the MRHBPN-40%. For growth responses, the grain yield was not significantly different between the control and MRHBPN-40%, but highest straw yield was 12.18 tonnes ha^-1. Therefore, modified supplemented biochar pellets have a potential ability to utilize for reducing agricultural impacts as well as greenhouse gas mitigation for the rice cultivation.

Nitrogen Transformation in Soil Cooperated with Organic Composts and Bio-char During Corn (Zea mays) Cultivation

JoungDu Shin(신중두),Sun-Il Lee(이선일),Woo-Kyun Park(박우균),Yong-Su Choi(최용수),Seung-Gil Hong(홍승길) 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.10

Responses of Rice (Oryza satival L.) Yield and Percolation Water Quality to Alternative Irrigation Waters

JoungDu Shin(신중두),ChangEun Lee(이창은),Min-Su Han(한민수),Jin-Ho Kim(김진호),Goo-Bok Jung(정구복),Sun-Gang Yun(윤순강),Mun-Hwan Kow(고문환) 한국토양비료학회 2003 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2003 No.5

Predicting Methane Production on Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw

JoungDu Shin(신중두),Seung-Gil Hong(홍승길),Woo-Kyun Park(박우균),Hyun-Sun Shin(신현선),Ro-Back Park(박노백),SangWon Park(박상원),Young-Sang Jeong(정영상),Chang-Kyun Kim(김창균) 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2012 No.6

Application of the Life Cycle Assessment methodology to rice cultivation

JoungDu Shin(신중두),DongKyu Lim(임동규),Gun-Yeob Kim(김건엽),MunHee Park(박문희),YongDu Kwon(권영두) 한국토양비료학회 2002 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2002 No.10