Estimation of Carbon Stock in the Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii Sarg.) Plantation Forest of Kathmandu Valley, Central Nepal

Krishna Prasad Sharma,Suresh Prashad Bhatta,Ganga Bahadur Khatri,Avinash Pajiyar,Daya Krishna Joshi 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2020 Journal of Forest Science Vol. No.

Vegetation carbon sequestration and regeneration are the two major parameters of forest research. In this study, we analyzed the vegetation carbon stock and regeneration of community-managed pine plantation of Kathmandu, central Nepal. Vegetation data were collected from 40 circular plots of 10 m radius (for the tree) and 1m radius (for seedling) applying a stratified random sampling and nested quadrat method. The carbon stock was estimated by Chave allometric model and estimated carbon stock was converted into CO2 equivalents. Density-diameter (d-d) curve was also prepared to check the regeneration status and stability of the plantation. A d-d curve indicates the good regeneration status of the forest with a stable population in each size class. Diversity of trees was very low, only two tree species Pinus roxburghii and Eucalyptus citriodora occurred in the sample plots. Pine was the dominant tree in terms of density, basal area, biomass, carbon stock and CO2 stock than the eucalyptus. The basal area, carbon stock and CO2 stock of forest was 33±1.0 m2 ha-1, 108±5.0 Mg ha-1 and 394±18 Mg ha-1, respectively. Seedling and tree density of the plantation was 4,965 ha-1 and 339 ha-1 respectively. The forest carbon stock showed a positive relationship with biomass, tree diameter, height and basal area but no relationship with tree density. Canopy cover and tree diameter have a negative effect on seedling density and regeneration. In conclusion, the community forest has a stable population in each size class, sequestering a significant amount of carbon and CO2 emitted from densely populated Kathmandu metro city as the forest biomass hence have a potentiality to mitigate the global climate change.

Estimation of Carbon Stock in the Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii Sarg.) Plantation Forest of Kathmandu Valley, Central Nepal

Krishna Prasad Sharma,Suresh Prashad Bhatta,Ganga Bahadur Khatri,Avinash Pajiyar,Daya Krishna Joshi 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2020 Journal of Forest Science Vol.36 No.1

Vegetation carbon sequestration and regeneration are the two major parameters of forest research. In this study, we analyzed the vegetation carbon stock and regeneration of community-managed pine plantation of Kathmandu, central Nepal. Vegetation data were collected from 40 circular plots of 10 m radius (for the tree) and 1m radius (for seedling) applying a stratified random sampling and nested quadrat method. The carbon stock was estimated by Chave allometric model and estimated carbon stock was converted into CO2 equivalents. Density-diameter (d-d) curve was also prepared to check the regeneration status and stability of the plantation. A d-d curve indicates the good regeneration status of the forest with a stable population in each size class. Diversity of trees was very low, only two tree species Pinus roxburghii and Eucalyptus citriodora occurred in the sample plots. Pine was the dominant tree in terms of density, basal area, biomass, carbon stock and CO2 stock than the eucalyptus . The basal area, carbon stock and CO2 stock of forest was 33±1.0 m2 ha-1, 108±5.0 Mg ha-1 and 394±18 Mg ha-1, respectively. Seedling and tree density of the plantation was 4,965 ha-1 and 339 ha-1 respectively. The forest carbon stock showed a positive relationship with biomass, tree diameter, height and basal area but no relationship with tree density. Canopy cover and tree diameter have a negative effect on seedling density and regeneration. In conclusion, the community forest has a stable population in each size class, sequestering a significant amount of carbon and CO2 emitted from densely populated Kathmandu metro city as the forest biomass hence have a potentiality to mitigate the global climate change.

What Ecosystem Factors Impact the Growth of High-Tech Start-ups in India?

Joshi, Kshitija,Satyanarayana, Krishna Asian Society for Innovation and Policy 2014 Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy Vol.3 No.2

This paper empirically establishes the role played by the ecosystem related parameters in the emergence and growth of high technology start-up clusters in India. It is mainly based on secondary data from six major start-up hubs in India during the period 2005-2013. Our results throw up several interesting findings. First of all, we find that traditional infrastructure related factors or robust macroeconomic situation in general are not the most important drivers. What really seem to matter are the specific start-up ecosystem related factors - such as the Internet penetration, volume of deal flow, availability of VC funding and a pre-existing critical mass of relevant high technology businesses and skill-sets. Above all, our study points out that high economic growth alone will not automatically lead to spillovers in the form of a vibrant start-up ecosystem. Rather it has to be a product of conscious and concerted policy efforts at all levels that directly address the main challenges faced by the early-stage start-ups.

What Ecosystem Factors Impact the Growth of High-Tech Start-ups in India?

Kshitija Joshi,Krishna Satyanarayana 아시아기술혁신학회 2014 Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy Vol.3 No.2

This paper empirically establishes the role played by the ecosystem related parameters in the emergence and growth of high technology start-up clusters in India. It is mainly based on secondary data from six major start-up hubs in India during the period 2005-2013. Our results throw up several interesting findings. First of all, we find that traditional infrastructure related factors or robust macroeconomic situation in general are not the most important drivers. What really seem to matter are the specific start-up ecosystem related factors – such as the Internet penetration, volume of deal flow, availability of VC funding and a pre-existing critical mass of relevant high technology businesses and skill-sets. Above all, our study points out that high economic growth alone will not automatically lead to spillovers in the form of a vibrant start-up ecosystem. Rather it has to be a product of conscious and concerted policy efforts at all levels that directly address the main challenges faced by the early-stage start-ups.

Well-Differentiated Papillary Mesothelial Tumor: An Unusual Radiologic Presentation: A Case Report

Moslem Abdelghafar,Krishna Anand,Antonio Paiva-Correia,Elaine Paula Smith,Francoise Galateau Salle,Vijay Joshi 대한흉부외과학회 2023 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.56 No.3

Well-differentiated papillary mesothelial tumor (WDPMT) is an uncommon tumor, formerly named well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma in the 2015 World Health Organization classification. It has a characteristic papillary architecture, bland cytologic features, a tendency toward superficial spread without invasion, and a good prognosis due to its clinically indolent behavior with prolonged survival. Rare cases with superficial invasion are termed WDPMT with invasive foci. WDPMT occurs primarily in the peritoneum of reproductive- age women, but also rarely in the pleura. We report a case of a 60-year-old woman who developed WDPMT with minimal invasion in the pleura with atypical radiological features and a family history of mesothelioma and indirect asbestos exposure.

A Novel Approach Of Trust Based Routing To Select Trusted Location In AODV Based VANET : A Survey

Kumud Dixit,Krishna Kumar Joshi,Neelam Joshi 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.7

During the last few years, a vehicular ad hoc network (VANETs) was extensively focused by researchers. A vehicular ad hoc network (VANETs) is a subclass of Mobile ad hoc networks builds to make sure the safety of traffic. VANET is a type of mobile peer to peer network, although it exhibits some different characters (fast moving, short lived connection etc). VANET is different from MANET due to large scale networks, higher mobility of nodes, geographically constrained topology and frequent network partitioning. In this paper, we present a survey on trust based routing in AODV based VANET to find secure location. In this first discussed about VANETs, their applications, characteristics, attacks, routing protocols and present a review of various researchers on trust based VANET.

A Review : Black Hole & Gray Hole Attack in MANET

Sweta Dixit,Krishna Kumar Joshi,Neelam Joshi 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.8 No.4

In past few years, mobile ad hoc network has gaining more attention of researchers. Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) are most widely used all over the world, due to its ability to communicate each other without the use of any fixed network. It applications used in military network, disaster relief operations and also in commercial environments. Due to open, dynamic and infrastructure-less nature, the ad hoc networks are vulnerable to various attacks. The black hole and grayhole attack is one of them in MANET. Security is an necessary requirement in MANET. Without any proper security solution, the malicious node in the network will act as a normal node which causes eaves dropping and selective forwarding attack generally known as Gray Hole attack. In this paper we survey on MANET applications, routing protocols, different types of attacks and also the review of researchers.

Objective Assessment of Arterial Steal Phenomenon in Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistula Using 2D Parametric Parenchymal Blood Flow Analysis

Elsaid Nada,Saied Ahmed,Joshi Krishna,Nelson Jessica,Baumgart John,Lopes Demetrius 대한신경중재치료의학회 2019 Neurointervention Vol.14 No.1

The aim of the study is to evaluate the hemodynamic changes and the parenchymal perfusion associated with carotid cavernous fistulas before and after embolization using two-dimensional (2D) parenchymal blood flow analysis. A 15-year-old boy presented with 2-month history of progressive right eye proptosis, chemosis, and diplopia after a motor vehicle accident. Intracranial liquid embolization using Onyx-18 through the inferior petrosal approach was done with balloon protection at the opening of the fistula in the internal carotid artery, resulting in complete occlusion of the fistula. Parenchymal blood flow analysis was done before and immediately after embolization. 2D parametric parenchymal blood flow analysis is newly introduced software that can provide data cannot be conveyed by conventional digital subtraction angiography alone. The software allows for objective assessment of the arterial steal and the parenchymal perfusion both pre, and post-embolization. Pre-embolization assessment may influence the therapeutic decision, while post-embolization assessment can evaluate the treatment efficacy.

네팔의 식물유전자원 보유현황과 국립종자은행의 자원연구 및 관리현황

Binod Prasad Luitel,Krishna Hari Ghimire,Bal Krishna Joshi,Kyoung-Yul Ryu,Sung Jung-Sook,Juhee Rhee,Sang-Gyu Kim,Ho-Cheol Ko,Hyung-Jin Baek,Moon-Sup Yoon,On-Sook Hur 한국국제농업개발학회 2016 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.28 No.2

The main objective of this paper is to elucidate the present status of Plant Genetic Resources (PGRs), their research, and management system in the genebank of Nepal. PGRs for food and agriculture are the biological basis of world food and nutrition security. The remarkable elevation ranging from 60 meter above sea level (masl) to highest summit Mount Everest (8,848 masl) has created huge geographical and climatic variation which harbor enormous plant species in the country. National Agriculture Genetic Resource Center (NAGRC) or ‘Genebank’ currently conserved 11,051 accessions of more than 110 crops species belonging to cereals (5,850), pseudo cereals (1,150), pulses (1,800), oilseeds (185), and vegetables (565) including other crops (1,501) at ex-situ. Diversity mapping, characterization and evaluation of PGRs, duplicates identification, diversity study, pre-breeding and landrace enhancement are the major research works of NAGRC, and its management strategies include conservation method, types, and groupings of PGRs. Characterization, evaluation and tagging of economically important traits in PGRs are now more important for strengthening their pre-breeding and proper utilization. Additionally, strong communication and collaborative network among public, private, community based organizations and international organizations are important for the effective management of PGRs.

Minimally Invasive Augmented Fixation for Anatomical Reduction of Grade 2 and Grade 3 Listhesis in Patients with Osteoporosis

Umesh Srikantha,Parichay J. Perikal,Krishna C. Joshi,Aniruddha T. Jagannath,Kiran Khanapure,Ravi Gopal Varma,Sathyaranjandas Alanga Hegde 대한척추외과학회 2018 Asian Spine Journal Vol.12 No.5

Study Design: A retrospective study. Purpose: To study the efficacy of augmented fixation for anatomical reduction of grade 2 and grade 3 listhesis in patients with osteoporosis. Overview of Literature: Spondylolisthesis in osteoporotic patients requiring spinal fixation are associated with complications such as loss of surgical construct stability, screw pulling out, and screw loosening. Augmented fixation is a novel strategy to achieve necessary construct integrity. Methods: Thirteen consecutive patients with grade 2 or grade 3 listhesis, with proven osteoporosis on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan, and who underwent augmented fixation for reduction of listhesis were retrospectively analyzed. In all patients, surgical access was achieved with a fixed 22 mm tubular retractor. A modified technique of bilateral, sequential, transforaminal decompression and discectomy, followed by reduction of listhesis using unilaterally placed augmented screws was employed in all the cases. Patients were followed up with plain X-rays at regular intervals to assess for implant stability and fusion status. All patients were started on medical treatment for osteoporosis. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.46 years, with 12 females and one male. The median T-score on DEXA scan was −3.0. Of the 13 patients, listhesis was at L4–L5 in five and at L5–S1 in eight. Nine patients had grade 2 listhesis, while four patients had grade 3 listhesis. Complete reduction was achieved in 10 patients. The median duration of follow-up was 18 months. Postoperative outcomes were satisfactory in all cases. Conclusions: Augmented fixation is a useful technique for achieving anatomical reduction of listhesis in patients with osteoporosis.