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노주연,주소령,남윤자,문지연 한국의류학회 2003 한국의류학회지 Vol.27 No.5
The pantyhose is a close-fitting garment, and consumers are highly sensitive to any progress made in fitting the garment to their lower body and comfort. However, the pantyhose manufactured in Korea are only one-sized. The purpose of this study is to suggest a sizing system for pantyhose. The results of this study are as follows: 1. As a results of questions regarding the sizing system of pantyhose, 88.2% of people who responded to our questionnaire preferred multi-sized pantyhose. In particular, larger women opposed to thin women expressed some dissatisfaction in the length and the width of the pantyhose. In addition, most of women preferred and indication of the sizing system and the body size of the control dimension (body mass and height). 2. The 13 species of pantyhose that were manufactured abroad are of all sizes, and only one type of pantyhose if one-sized. However, most domestic pantyhose except one, are one-sized. 3. As a result of the experiment, the spandex content in pantyhose was approximately 12~18%. Moreover, the elongation rate was approximately 200~370%, which differed according to the features of the material. The stretch size of the pantyhose had varies greatly, and has not yet been standardized. 4. The methods for indicating the pantyhose size in this study are the square method and the stair method. The characteristics of the square method are simple, but the coverage is relatively low. The characteristic of the stair method are so complicated that older women have a low preference for this method. However, the coverage rate is high.
한국노인약물역학코호트에서 폐암 발생률, 사망률 및 생존율, 1994-1998
최남경,윤경은,허대석,김윤이,이승미,박병주 한국역학회 2002 Epidemiology and Health Vol.24 No.2
Purpose : This study was conducted to estimate incidence, mortality and survival rate of lung cancer in the elderly people in Korea. Methods : Study population was Korean Elderly Phamacoepidemiologic Cohort (KEPEC). The lung cancer incidence cases were detected from three different sources, medical utilization database of the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation (KMIC), the database from the National Cancer Registry, and the database from the Regional Cancer Registry. The hospital survey to confirm the final diagnosis of the potential cases was conducted. A specialist on lung cancer reviewed the abstracted data to confirm the final diagnoses. The lung cancer death cases were detected from the mortality database at National Statistical Office. Incidence rate, survival rate and mortality rate of lung cancer and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated with SAS Window ver.8.1. Results : There were 213 confirmed lung cancer cases in KEPEC between Jan. 1994 and Dec. 1998. Age-standardized incidence rate of lung cancer to the Korean population was estimated to be 316.9 per 100,000 person-years in male and 65.2 per 100,000 person-years in female. Age-standardized mortality rate of lung cancer to the Korean population was estimated to be 342.3 per 100,000 person-years in male and 84.8 per 100,000 person-years in female. One years survival rate was 17% in male and 11% in female. Two year survival rate was 2% in male and 4% in female. Conclusion : Age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized mortality rate and survival rate of lung cancer in the elderly Korean may be useful for further study and making health policy for managing lung cancer in the elderly.
Nam, Joo-Youn,Hwang, Kyo-Sik,Kim, Hyun-Chul,Jeong, Haejun,Kim, Hanki,Jwa, Eunjin,Yang, SeungCheol,Choi, Jiyeon,Kim, Chan-Soo,Han, Ji-Hyung,Jeong, Namjo Elsevier 2019 Water research Vol.148 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Reverse electrodialysis (RED) has vast potential as a clean, nonpolluting, and sustainable renewable energy source; however, pilot-scale RED studies employing real waters remain rare. This study reports the largest RED (1000 cell pairs, 250 m<SUP>2</SUP>) with municipal wastewater effluent (1.3–5.7 mS/cm) and seawater (52.9–53.8 mS/cm) as feed solutions. The RED stack was operated at a velocity of 1.5 cm/s and the pilot plant produced 95.8 W of power (0.38 W/m<SUP>2</SUP> <SUB>total membrane</SUB> or 0.76 W/m<SUP>2</SUP> <SUB>cell pair</SUB>). During operation of the RED, the inlet design of the stack, comprising thin spacers, and the water dissociation reaction at the cathode were revealed as vulnerabilities of the stack. Specifically, pressure drops at the fluid inlet parts had the most detrimental effects on power output due to clogged spacers around the inlet parts. In addition, precipitates resulting in inorganic fouling were inevitable during the water dissociation reaction due to significant potential generated by the stack in the cathode chamber. Na<SUP>+</SUP> and Cl<SUP>−</SUP> accounted for the majority of ions transferred from seawater to wastewater effluent through ion exchange membranes (IEMs). Moreover, some divalent cations in seawater, Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> and Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, were also transferred to the wastewater effluent. Some organics with relatively low molecular weights in the wastewater effluent passed through the IEMs, and their hydrophobic properties elevated the specific UV absorbance (SUVA) level in the seawater.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A 1000-cell-pair RED with wastewater effluent and seawater is presented. </LI> <LI> RED operation achieved a power output of 96 W (0.76 W/m<SUP>2</SUP> <SUB>cell pair</SUB>). </LI> <LI> Dissolved organic carbon with low molecular weights passed through the IEMs. </LI> <LI> Precipitates were observed on the shielding CEM and cathode in the cathode chamber. </LI> </UL> </P>
Electricity Generation from MFCs Using Differently Grown Anode-Attached Bacteria
Joo Youn Nam,Hyun Woo Kim,Kyeong Ho Lim,Hang Sik Shin 대한환경공학회 2010 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.15 No.2
To understand the effects of acclimation schemes on the formation of anode biofilms, different electrical performances are characterized in this study, with the roles of suspended and attached bacteria in single-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The results show that the generation of current in single-chamber MFCs is significantly affected by the development of a biofilm matrix on the anode surface containing abundant immobilized microorganisms. The long-term operation with suspended microorganisms was demonstrated to form a dense biofilm matrix that was able to reduce the activation loss in MFCs. Also, a Pt-coated anode was not favorable for the initial or long-term bacterial attachment due to its high hydrophobicity (contact angle = 124˚), which promotes easy detachment of the biofilm from the anode surface. Maximum power (655.0mW/m2) was obtained at a current density of 3,358.8mA/m2 in the MFCs with longer acclimation periods. It was found that a dense biofilm was able to enhance the charge transfer rates due to the complex development of a biofilm matrix anchoring the electrochemically active microorganisms together on the anode surface. Among the major components of the extracellular polymeric substance, carbohydrates (85.7mg/m2 (anode)) and proteins (81.0mg/m2 (anode)) in the dense anode biofilm accounted for 17 and 19%, respectively, which are greater than those in the sparse anode biofilm.
Nam, Joo-Youn,Kim, Dong-Hoon,Kim, Sang-Hyoun,Lee, Wontae,Shin, Hang-Sik,Kim, Hyun-Woo Springer-Verlag 2016 Environmental science and pollution research inter Vol.23 No.8
<P>Food waste and sewage sludge are the most abundant and problematic organic wastes in any society. Mixture of these two wastes may provide appropriate substrate condition for dark fermentative biohydrogen production based on synergistic mutual benefits. This work evaluates continuous hydrogen production from the cosubstrate of food waste and sewage sludge to verify mechanisms of performance improvement in anaerobic sequencing batch reactors. Volatile solid concentration and mixing ratio of food waste and sludge were adjusted to 5 % and 80:20, respectively. Five different hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 36, 42, 48, 72, and 108 h were tested using anaerobic sequencing batch reactors to find out optimal operating condition. Results show that the best performance was achieved at HRT 72 h, where the hydrogen yield, the hydrogen production rate, and hydrogen content were 62.0 mL H-2/g VS, 1.0 L H-2/L/day, and similar to 50 %, respectively. Sufficient solid retention time (143 h) and proper loading rate (8.2 g COD/L/day as carbohydrate) at HRT 72h led to the enhanced performance with better hydrogen production showing appropriate n-butyrate/acetate (B/A) ratio of 2.6. Analytical result of terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism revealed that specific peaks associated with Clostridium sp. and Bacillus sp. were strongly related to enhanced hydrogen production from the cosubstrate of food waste and sewage sludge.</P>
Joo Youn Nam,Chung Man Moon,Em Ma Jeong,Won Tae Lee,Hang Sik Shin,Hyun Woo Kim 대한환경공학회 2013 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.18 No.3
Optimal preparation guidelines of a cathode catalyst layer by non-precious metal catalysts were evaluated based on electrochemical performance in single-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Experiments for catalyst loading rate revealed that iron(II) phthalocyanine (FePc) can be a promising alternative, comparable to platinum (Pt) and cobalt tetramethoxyphenylporphyrin (CoTMPP), including effects of substrate concentration. Results showed that using an optimal FePc loading of 1 mg/cm2 was equivalent to a Pt loading of 0.35 mg/cm2 on the basis of maximum power density. Given higher loading rates or substrate concentrations, FePc proved to be a better alternative for Pt than CoTMPP. Under the optimal loading rate, it was further revealed that 40 wt% of FePc to carbon support allowed for the best power generation. These results suggest that proper control of the non-precious metal catalyst layer and substrate concentration are highly interrelated, and reveal how those combinations promote the economic power generation of single-chamber MFCs.