낙농 및 육우사료에 있어서 저질조사료의 영양적 보강방안

Ward, John K 한국영양사료학회 1983 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.7 No.2

Use of low quality forages can increase the availability of animal products for human consumption while decreasing cost of production. These forages are best suited as a portion of the ration in stages of lower productivity during mid to late lactation or for maintenance of the non-lactating gestating cow. They may be used on a limited basis in growing and finishing programs. Whenever they are used they must be properly supplemented with protein, minerals, vitamin A and energy when necessary.

낙농및 육우사료에 있어서 저질조사료의 영양적 보강방안

Ward John K. 한국낙농육우협회 1983 낙농·육우 Vol.24 No.-

저질조사료의 이용은 인간이 소비하는 가축생산물의 이용성을 증진시킬 수 있으며 생산비를 절감할 수 있다. 이런조사료는 비유중기 또는 말기의 낮은 생산성을 보여주는 단계에서 또는 비유하지 않는 임신우의 유지를 위하여 사료의 일부로서 이용되는데 가장 적합하다. 또한 이들 조사료는 성장 또는 비육계획에 제한된 기준에 의거 이용되어질 수 있으며 이들 저질조사료가 사용될 때는 언제나 단백질,광물질,비타민A와 필요하다면 에너지까지도 보충 급여되어야만 한다.

Microwave-driven coherent operation of a semiconductor quantum dot charge qubit.

Kim, Dohun,Ward, D R,Simmons, C B,Gamble, John King,Blume-Kohout, Robin,Nielsen, Erik,Savage, D E,Lagally, M G,Friesen, Mark,Coppersmith, S N,Eriksson, M A Nature Pub. Group 2015 Nature nanotechnology Vol.10 No.3

<P>An intuitive realization of a qubit is an electron charge at two well-defined positions of a double quantum dot. This qubit is simple and has the potential for high-speed operation because of its strong coupling to electric fields. However, charge noise also couples strongly to this qubit, resulting in rapid dephasing at all but one special operating point called the 'sweet spot'. In previous studies d.c. voltage pulses have been used to manipulate semiconductor charge qubits but did not achieve high-fidelity control, because d.c. gating requires excursions away from the sweet spot. Here, by using resonant a.c. microwave driving we achieve fast (greater than gigahertz) and universal single qubit rotations of a semiconductor charge qubit. The Z-axis rotations of the qubit are well protected at the sweet spot, and we demonstrate the same protection for rotations about arbitrary axes in the X-Y plane of the qubit Bloch sphere. We characterize the qubit operation using two tomographic approaches: standard process tomography and gate set tomography. Both methods consistently yield process fidelities greater than 86% with respect to a universal set of unitary single-qubit operations.</P>

Skin Thickness of the Anterior, Anteromedial, and Anterolateral Thigh: A Cadaveric Study for Split-Skin Graft Donor Sites

Chan, Jeffrey C.Y.,Ward, John,Quondamatteo, Fabio,Dockery, Peter,Kelly, John L. Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.6

Background The depth of graft harvest and the residual dermis available for reepithelization primarily influence the healing of split-skin graft donor sites. When the thigh region is chosen, the authors hypothesize based on thickness measurements that the anterolateral region is the optimal donor site. Methods Full-thickness skin specimens were sampled from the anteromedial, anterior, and anterolateral regions of human cadavers. Skin specimens were cut perpendicularly with a custom-made precision apparatus to avoid the overestimation of thickness measurements. The combined epidermal and dermal thicknesses (overall skin thickness) were measured using a digital calliper. The specimens were histologically stained to visualize their basement membrane, and microscopy images were captured. Since the epidermal thickness varies across the specimen, a stereological method was used to eliminate observer bias. Results Epidermal thickness represented 2.5% to 9.9% of the overall skin thickness. There was a significant difference in epidermal thickness from one region to another (P<0.05). The anterolateral thigh region had the most consistent and highest mean epidermal thickness ($60{\pm}3.2{\mu}m$). We observed that overall skin thickness increased laterally from the anteromedial region to the anterior and anterolateral regions of the thigh. The overall skin thickness measured $1,032{\pm}435{\mu}m$ in the anteromedial region compared to $1,220{\pm}257{\mu}m$ in the anterolateral region. Conclusions Based on skin thickness measurements, the anterolateral thigh had the thickest epidermal and dermal layers. We suggest that the anterolateral thigh region is the optimal donor site for split-skin graft harvests from the thigh.

Skin Thickness of the Anterior, Anteromedial, and Anterolateral Thigh: A Cadaveric Study for Split- Skin Graft Donor Sites

Jeffrey CY Chan,John Ward,Fabio Quondamatteo,Peter Dockery,John L Kelly 대한성형외과학회 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.6

Background: The depth of graft harvest and the residual dermis available for reepithelizationprimarily influence the healing of split-skin graft donor sites. When the thigh region ischosen, the authors hypothesize based on thickness measurements that the anterolateralregion is the optimal donor site. Methods: Full-thickness skin specimens were sampled from the anteromedial, anterior, andanterolateral regions of human cadavers. Skin specimens were cut perpendicularly with acustom-made precision apparatus to avoid the overestimation of thickness measurements. The combined epidermal and dermal thicknesses (overall skin thickness) were measured usinga digital calliper. The specimens were histologically stained to visualize their basementmembrane, and microscopy images were captured. Since the epidermal thickness varies acrossthe specimen, a stereological method was used to eliminate observer bias. Results: Epidermal thickness represented 2.5% to 9.9% of the overall skin thickness. There wasa significant difference in epidermal thickness from one region to another (P<0.05). Theanterolateral thigh region had the most consistent and highest mean epidermal thickness(60±3.2 μm). We observed that overall skin thickness increased laterally from the anteromedialregion to the anterior and anterolateral regions of the thigh. The overall skin thicknessmeasured 1,032±435 μm in the anteromedial region compared to 1,220±257 μm in theanterolateral region. Conclusions: Based on skin thickness measurements, the anterolateral thigh had the thickestepidermal and dermal layers. We suggest that the anterolateral thigh region is the optimaldonor site for split-skin graft harvests from the thigh.

The Mechanism of Phloem Loading in Rice (Oryza sativa)

엄준섭,전종성,최상봉,John M. Ward 한국분자세포생물학회 2012 Molecules and cells Vol.33 No.5

Carbohydrates, mainly sucrose, that are synthesized in source organs are transported to sink organs to support growth and development. Phloem loading of sucrose is a crucial step that drives long-distance transport by eleva-ting hydrostatic pressure in the phloem. Three phloem loading strategies have been identified, two active mechanisms, apoplastic loading via sucrose transporters and symplastic polymer trapping, and one passive mechanism. The first two active loading mechanisms require metabolic energy, carbohydrate is loaded into the phloem against a concentration gradient. The passive process, diffusion, involves equilibration of sucrose and other metabolites between cells through plasmodesmata. Many higher plant species including Arabidopsis utilize the active loading mechanisms to increase carbohydrate in the phloem to higher concentrations than that in mesophyll cells. In contrast, recent data revealed that a large number of plants, especially woody species, load sucrose passively by maintaining a high concentration in mesophyll cells. However, it still remains to be determined how the worldwide important cereal crop, rice, loads sucrose into the phloem in source organs. Based on the literature and our results, we propose a potential strategy of phloem loading in rice. Elucidation of the phloem loading mechanism should improve our understanding of rice development and facilitate its manipulation towards the increase of crop productivity.

Exploring Recommendations for an Effective Smoking Prevention Program for Indonesian Adolescents

Tahlil, Teuku,Coveney, John,Woodman, Richard J.,Ward, Paul R. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.2

Background: The present qualitative study assessed the need, acceptability and appropriateness for implementing effective and culturally appropriate smoking prevention programs for adolescents in schools in Indonesia. Methods: Snowball sampling was used to recruit participants. The study sample comprised a mixture of staff in the education department, junior high school teachers and individuals who had taught junior high school students in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Data were collected through one hour in-depth face to face or telephone interviews and analyzed using a descriptive content analysis procedure. Results: School teachers and policy makers in education firmly supported the implementation of a school-based smoking prevention program in Aceh. An appropriate intervention for smoking prevention program in schools in Aceh should involve both health and Islamic based approaches, and be provided by teachers and external providers. Potential barriers to the program included smoker teachers and parents, time constraints of students and/or teachers, lack of teachers' ability, increase in students' load, the availability of tobacco advertising and sales, and lack of tobacco regulation and support from community and related departments. To increase program effectiveness, involvement of and coordination with other relevant parties are needed. Conclusions: The important stakeholders in Indonesian childhood education agreed that school-based smoking prevention program would be appropriate for junior high school students. An appropriate intervention for smoking prevention program for adolescents in schools in Indonesia should be appropriate to participants' background and involve all relevant parties.

Irish Apple Heritage Collection

Sean Mac an tSaoir,Frances Ward,Colin Fleming,John Saulters 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Impact of Airway Virus in Severe Asthmatic Patients: A Pilot Study

Walsh Laura J,Sullivan Ashley,Ward Christopher,Fanning Liam J,O’Byrne Paul M,MacSharry John A,Murphy Desmond M 대한천식알레르기학회 2023 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.15 No.3

The lungs have their own microbiota which seems to be altered in disease processes such as asthma. Viral infection accounts for many asthma exacerbations. Little is known about the lung virome, and the role that viruses play in non-exacerbating asthmatics. We aimed to assess if detection of virus in bronchoscopy samples of asthmatic patients in a non-exacerbating state influences their asthma control and modulates airway cytokine composition. Patients were recruited from a specialist asthma clinic and underwent bronchoscopy with standardised bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Viral analysis was performed; cell differential and cytokine levels were measured. Forty-six samples were obtained of which 10.8% demonstrated evidence of airway virus, and 91.3% of patients in the cohort were classed as severe asthmatics. Oral steroid use was significantly higher in severe asthmatic patients with virus detected, and the forced expiratory volume in one second tended to be lower in the virus-detected group. It was also found that BAL interleukin-13 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were significantly higher in severe asthmatic patients with virus detected. Our results suggest that in severe asthmatics in a non-exacerbating state, the presence of virus resulted in overall poorer asthma control. The pattern of cytokine elevation seen in asthmatic patients with virus detected may provide insight to the pathophysiology involved.

The mechanism of phloem loading in rice (Oryza sativa)

Eom, Joon-Seob,Choi, Sang-Bong,Ward, John M.,Jeon, Jong-Seong Springer-Verlag 2012 Molecules and cells Vol.33 No.5