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An anatomical study of the lingual nerve in the lower third molar area
Shogo Kikuta,Joe Iwanaga,Jingo Kusukawa,R,Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.2
The lingual nerve (LN) is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, and its injury is one of the major complications during oral surgery. This study aims to investigate the anatomy of the LN in the lower third molar area. Twenty sides from ten fresh-frozen adult cadaveric Caucasian heads were examined to measure the diameter of the LN. The mean diameter of the LN was 2.20±0.37 mm (range, 1.61–2.95 mm). There were no statistically significant differences in the measurements between sexes, sides, or tooth status (dentulous or edentulous). Understanding the anatomical features of the LN is essential for performing any surgical procedure in the oral region.
구강내 조기편평상피암의 경부임파절후발전이의 임상적, 병리조직학적 예측요소에 관한 연구
Hyoun Chull Kim(金賢哲),Jingo Kusukawa(楠川仁悟),Tadamitsu Kameyama(亀,山忠光) 대한구강악안면외과학회 1992 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.18 No.3
A retrospective study of ninety patients with early squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity was undertaken to evaluate clinical and histopathologic parameters in predicting cervical lymph node metastasis. Medical records were examined for age, sex, primary site, growth pattern and size. The specimens of biopsy and surgical excision were examined for degree of differentiation, mode of invasion, tumor thickness and muscular invasion. The results were as follows; 1. Occult cervical nodal metastasis was 22.2 percent for patients with early squamous cell carcinoma. (18.2 percent in stage Ⅰ, 28.6 percent in stage Ⅱ) 2. The primary site, maximal surface diameter and histologic differentiation of tumor had no significant relationship with nodal metastasis. 3. Although maximal surface diameter showed little correlation with cervical nodal involvement, it is noteworthy that there were low incidence (7.7%) of cervical nodal metastasis in lesions with less than or equal to 10mm. 4. Clinical growth pattern was a important parameter relatively in predicting cervical nodal metastasis. Four (57.1%) of seven patients with indurative typed tumor had nodal metastasis. 5. Tongue carcinoma have a propensity to infiltrate the skeletal muscle than lesions at other oral sites, due to the difference of anatomical structure. Therefore, tongue carcinoma may related to a greater tendency of cervical nodal metastasis compared to the carcinoma of floor of the mouth. 6. Mode of invasion was important histopathologic parameter in assesing the ability to metastasized. Grade 4 had twice risk of cervical nodal metastasis than Grade 2 and 3. Tumors with papillary or indurative type and Grade 4 had a cervical metastasis of sixty percent. 7. Tumor thickness showed an strong correlation with the appearance of later cevical nodal metastasis. The lesions less than or equal to 1.5mm had not evidence of cervical nodal metastasis. On the other hand, this incidence increased to 20.5, 37, 50% when the lesion was 1.6 to 3.0mm, 3.1 to 6.0mm, more than 6.0mm in thickness, respectively. 8. Tumors with Grade 4 and more than 3mm in the thickness, and with Grade 3 and more than 6mm in thickness had a cervical metastasis of fifty percent.
Shogo Kikuta,Skyler Jenkins,Jingo Kusukawa,Joe Iwanaga,Marios Loukas,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.3
The ansa cervicalis is a neural loop in the neck formed by connecting the superior root from the cervical spinal nerves (C1–2) and the inferior root descending from C2–C3. It has various anatomical variations and can be an important acknowledgment in specific operations of the neck region. This is a review the anatomy, variations, pathology and clinical applications of the ansa cervicalis.
Triangles of the neck: a review with clinical/surgical applications
Shogo Kikuta,Joe Iwanaga,Jingo Kusukawa,R,Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.2
The neck is a geometric region that can be studied and operated using anatomical triangles. There are many triangles of the neck, which can be useful landmarks for the surgeon. A better understanding of these triangles make surgery more efficient and avoid intraoperative complications. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the triangles of the neck and their clinical and surgical applications.
Unusual muscle of the anterior neck: cadaveric findings with surgical applications
Joe Iwanaga,Yoko Tabira,Christian Fisahn,Fernando Alonso,Koichi Watanabe,Jingo Kusukawa,Rod J. Oskouian,R. Shane Tubbs,Koh-ichi Yamaki 대한해부학회 2017 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.50 No.3
The omohyoid muscle typically has an inferior belly originating from the superior border of the scapula, and then passes deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle where its superior belly passes almost vertically upward next to the lateral border of sternohyoid to attach to the inferior border of the body of the hyoid bone lateral to the insertion of sternohyoid. Herein, we report an unusual variant of the omohyoid and sternohyoid muscles. As the omohyoid muscle is commonly used as a surgical landmark during neck dissections, knowledge of its variations such as the one described in the current report is important to surgeons.
The supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves for ipsilateral corneal neurotization: anatomical study
Shogo Kikuta,Bulent Yalcin,Joe Iwanaga,Koichi Watanabe,Jingo Kusukawa,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2020 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.53 No.1
Neurotrophic keratitis is a rare corneal disease that is challenging to treat. Corneal neurotization (CN) is among the developing treatments that uses the supraorbital (SON) or supratrochlear (STN) nerve as a donor. Therefore, the goal of this study was to provide the detailed anatomy of these nerves and clarify their feasibility as donors for ipsilateral CN. Both sides of 10 fresh-frozen cadavers were used in this study, and the SON and STN were dissected using a microscope intra- and extraorbitally. The topographic data between the exit points of these nerves and the medial and lateral angle of the orbit were measured, and nerve rotation of these nerves toward the ipsilateral cornea were attempted. The SON and STN were found on 19 of 20 sides. The vertical and horizontal distances between the exit point of the SON and that of the STN, were 7.3±2.1 mm (vertical) and 4.5±2.3 mm, respectively. The mean linear distances between the medial angle and the exit points of each were 22.2±3.0 mm and 14.5±1.9 mm, respectively, and the mean linear distances between the lateral angle and the exit points of the SON and STN were 34.0±2.7 mm and 36.9±2.5 mm, respectively. These nerves rotated ipsilaterally toward the center of the orbit easily. A better understanding of the anatomy of these nerves can contribute to the development and improvement of ipsilateral CN.