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Report of an inferior rectal nerve variant arising from the S3 ventral ramus
Graham Dupont,Joe Iwanaga,Rod J. Oskouian,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.1
In surgical approaches to the perineum in general and anal region specifically, considering the possible variations of the inferior rectal nerve is important for the surgeon. Normally, the inferior rectal nerve originates as a branch of the pudendal nerve. However, during routine dissection, a variant of the inferior rectal nerve was found where it arose directly from the third sacral nerve ventral ramus (S3). Many cases have described the inferior rectal nerve arising independently from the sacral plexus, most commonly from the fourth sacral nerve root (S4); however, few cases have reported the inferior rectal nerve arising from S3. Herein, we describe a variant of the inferior rectal nerve in which the nerve arises independently from the sacral plexus.
Graham Dupont,Emre Yilmaz,Joe Iwanaga,Rod J,Oskouian,R,Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.2
Ossification of the mamillo-accessory ligament (MAL) is a misunderstood phenomenon; however, many have posited that it can result in nerve entrapment of the medial branch of the dorsal ramus causing zygapophyseal joint related low back pain. The MAL has been studied anatomically by few, yet the data indicate possible associations between ossification of this ligament and spondylosis. It has been proposed that mechanical stress upon the lumbar spine may also lead to progressive ossification of the MAL into a bony foramen.
Bilateral sternocleidomastoid variant with six distinct insertions along the superior nuchal line
Graham Dupont,Joe Iwanaga,Juan J. Altafulla,Stefan Lachkar,Rod J. Oskouian,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2018 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.51 No.4
Anatomical variations of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) have been observed to occupy multiple origins and insertion points and have supernumerary heads, sometimes varying in thickness. During routine dissection, a SCM was observed to have six distinct insertions that interface with the course of the superior nuchal line, ending at the midline, bilaterally. This variation was also seen to receive innervation from the accessory nerve as well as the great auricular nerve. To our knowledge, this variant of supernumerary insertions and nerve innervations has not yet been reported. These variants may pose as problematic during surgical approaches to the upper neck and occiput, and should thus be appreciated by the clinician. Herein we discuss the case report, possible embryological origins, and the clinical significance of the observed variant SCM.
Clinical anatomy of the nerve to the mylohyoid
Paul Choi,Joe Iwanaga,Graham Dupont,Rod J. Oskouian,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.1
The nerve to the mylohyoid (NM) originates from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. The NM provides motor control to the mylohyoid and the anterior belly of the digastric. Its sensory component, as a variation of this nerve, has scantly been described in the literature. We discuss the current clinical implications of the NM based on its anatomical variations of the with the hopes of benefiting patients who are undergoing invasive maxillofacial procedures.
Variant anatomy of the buccal nerve
Mayank Patel,Joe Iwanaga,Shogo Kikuta,Rod J. Oskouian,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.1
Knowledge of the anatomy and variations of the nerves of the oral cavity is important to surgeons who operate this region. Herein, we report a rare case of a buccal nerve with two distinct roots. The anatomy of this case and its clinical applications is discussed.
Unusual muscle of the anterior neck: cadaveric findings with surgical applications
Joe Iwanaga,Yoko Tabira,Christian Fisahn,Fernando Alonso,Koichi Watanabe,Jingo Kusukawa,Rod J. Oskouian,R. Shane Tubbs,Koh-ichi Yamaki 대한해부학회 2017 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.50 No.3
The omohyoid muscle typically has an inferior belly originating from the superior border of the scapula, and then passes deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle where its superior belly passes almost vertically upward next to the lateral border of sternohyoid to attach to the inferior border of the body of the hyoid bone lateral to the insertion of sternohyoid. Herein, we report an unusual variant of the omohyoid and sternohyoid muscles. As the omohyoid muscle is commonly used as a surgical landmark during neck dissections, knowledge of its variations such as the one described in the current report is important to surgeons.