Oxidative Comparison ofEmulsion Systems from FishOil-Based Structured Lipid versus Physically Blended Lipid with Purple-FleshedSweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Extracts

Gan, Lu-Jing,Yang, Dan,Shin, Jung-Ah,Kim, Sun-Ju,Hong, Soon-Taek,Lee, JeungHee,Sung, Chang-Keun,Lee, Ki-Teak American Chemical Society 2012 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.60 No.1

<P>The effects of the purple-fleshed sweet potato extract(PFSPE)on oxidation stabilities of a model oil-in-water emulsion preparedwith enzymatically synthesized fish oil–soybean oil structuredlipid (SL) versus physically blended lipid (PBL) without modificationwere evaluated. The anthocyanins in PFSPE were analyzed and identifiedby HPLC-MS. The fatty acid composition of SL was similar to that ofPBL, except palmitic acid (1.48 in PBL and 9.61% in SL) and linoleicacid (62.47 in PBL and 49.58% in SL). Peonidin 3-caffeoylsophoroside-5-glucoside,peonidin-3-(6′,6′-caffeoylferuloylsophoroside)-5-glucoside,peonidin-dicaffeoylsophoroside-5-glucoside, peonidin 3-(6′,6″-caffeoyl-<I>p</I>-hydroxybenzoylsophoroside)-5-glucoside were identifiedas the major anthocyanin compounds in PFSPE. Different levels (200,500, 1000 ppm) of PFSPE were added into both SL- and PBL-based emulsions,with 200 ppm catechin as comparison. Oxidation was monitored by measuringthe peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Theantioxidant activity of PFSPE increased with an increased concentration,the concentration of 1000 ppm showed high antioxidant ability similarto that of catechin in both PBL- and SL-based oil-in-water emulsions.It is notable that the SL-based emulsion appeared to have better oxidativestability than the PBL-based emulsion.</P>

Emulsifying Properties of Lecithin Containing Different Fatty Acids Obtained by Immobilized Lecitase Ultra-Catalyzed Reaction

Gan, Lu-Jing,Wang, Xiang-Yu,Yang, Dan,Zhang, Hua,Shin, Jung-Ah,Hong, Soon-Taek,Park, Sang Hyun,Lee, Ki-Teak Wiley (John WileySons) 2014 Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society Vol.91 No.4

Lecitase Ultra and 6 triacylglycerol lipases (lipases PS, M, AH, AY, R, and AK) were immobilized on Amberlite XAD 7HP and used to catalyze the acidolysis reaction between lecithin and capric acid (C10:0) for comparison. The highest molar incorporation value (51.0 mol%) was observed for the immobilized Lecitase Ultra. Further, immobilized Lecitase Ultra was selected for catalyzing acidolysis between lecithin and fatty acids with different chain lengths (C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0). After reaction, free fatty acids were removed by SPE and the resultant was called modified lecithin fraction 1 (MLF1). The highest molar incorporation value was obtained for C10:0 (51.0 mol%) at 45 A degrees C with a mole ratio of 10/1 (C10:0/lecithin) for 72 h. After removal of lysophosphatidylcholine by solid-phase extraction from MLF1, the resultant modified lecithin fraction 2 (MLF2) was used to prepare an oil-in-water emulsion. All emulsions prepared with MLF2 exhibited significantly higher emulsion stability (ES) values (16.2-17.7) and smaller particle sizes (d (32) 0.40-0.49 mu m, d (43) 0.75-1.01 mu m) than the emulsion prepared with unmodified lecithin (ES 14.1, d (32) 0.76 mu m, d (43), 1.26 mu m) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, less clarification and droplet aggregation were observed in emulsions prepared with MLF2 than in lecithin-based emulsions. Overall, the MLF2s showed better emulsifying properties than lecithin.

Effect of Purple-Fleshed Sweet Potato (Ipomoeabatatas L.) Extracts on Oxidation Properties of Fish Oil-Based Structured Lipid Emulsion System

Lu-Jing Gan,Dan Yang,Jung-Ah Shin,Ki-Teak Lee 한국식품영양과학회 2011 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2011 No.10

Comparison of Selected Nutritional Compounds of Barleys According to the Harvest Time

Lu-Jing Gan,Dan Yang,Jung-Ah Shin,Ki-Teak Lee 한국식품영양과학회 2012 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2012 No.10

Safety Evaluation In Vitro of Enterococcus durans from Tibetan Traditional Fermented Yak Milk

Jing Li,Fazheng Ren,Huiyong Gu,Xiaopeng Li,Bozhong Gan 한국미생물학회 2011 The journal of microbiology Vol.49 No.5

Despite its ubiquity in fermented dairy products, the safety of lactic acid enterococcal bacteria remains controversial. In this study, five Enterococcus durans strains – A1, A2, B1, B2, and C1 – were isolated from traditional fermented yak milk from Tibet. To evaluate the strains’ safety, biogenic amine production, antibiotic resistance and presence of known virulence determinants were investigated. Strain A1 can produce biogenic amines for histamine, spermine, and spermidine (mean values: 8.64, 8.31, and 0.30 mg/L, respectively). Polymerase chain reaction amplification for Strain A1 found genes involved in expression of gelatinase (gleE), cytolysin (cylA, cylB, and cylM), sex pheromones (ccf and cpd) and cell wall adhesion (efaA). Strain A2 showed sensitivity or intermediate resistance to all tested antibiotics, and no virulence determinants except gelE and ccf, but did produce tyramine at a relatively high level (912.02 mg/L). Both strains B1 and B2 could produce histamine (10.43 and 10.56 mg/L, respectively), and showed vancomycin resistance; B1 also produced tyramine (504.02 mg/L). Strain C1 could produce all five biogenic amines tested in the study – putrescine, histamine, tyramine, spermine, and spermidine; concentrations were 6.51, 9.59, 205.85, 5.55, and 5.39 mg/L, respectively. All E. durans strains found in Tibetan traditional fermented yak milk thus offer potential risk.

The pivotal role of the NLRC4 inflammasome in neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats

Gan Hui,Zhang Li,Chen Hui,Xiao Han,Wang Lu,Zhai Xuan,Jiang Ning,Liang Ping,Zheng Shuyue,Zhao Jing 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-

The NLRC4 inflammasome, a member of the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family, amplifies inflammation by facilitating the processing of caspase-1, interleukin (IL)–1β, and IL-18. We explored whether NLRC4 knockdown alleviated inflammatory injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Furthermore, we investigated whether NLRC4 inflammasome activation can be adjusted by the regulator of G protein signaling 2/leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 pathway. Fifty microliters of arterial blood was drawn and injected into the basal ganglion to simulate the ICH model. NLRC4 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were utilized to knockdown NLRC4. An LRRK2 inhibitor (GNE7915) was injected into the abdominal cavity. Short hairpin (sh) RNA lentiviruses and lentiviruses containing RGS2 were designed and applied to knockdown and promote RGS2 expression. Neurological functions, brain edema, Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Nissl staining, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence assay and Evans blue dye extravasation and autofluorescence assay were evaluated. It was shown that the NLRC4 inflammasome was activated following ICH injury. NLRC4 knockdown extenuated neuronal death, damage to the blood-brain barrier, brain edema and neurological deficiency 3 days after ICH. NLRC4 knockdown reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) cells as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and IL-18 following ICH. GNE7915 reduced pNLRC4 and NLRC4 inflammasome activation. RGS2 suppressed the interaction of LRRK2 and NLRC4 and NLRC4 inflammasome activation by regulating pLRRK2. Our study demonstrated that the NLRC4 inflammasome may aggravate the inflammatory injury induced by ICH and that RGS2/LRRK2 may relieve inflammatory injury by restraining NLRC4 inflammasome activation.

Colloidal synthesis of lead-free all-inorganic Cs3Sb2BrxI9−x nanocrystals

Weijiang Gan,Sunqi Lou,Jing Wang 한국정보디스플레이학회 2019 Journal of information display Vol.20 No.4

Environment-friendly lead-free perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are highly desirable in terms of optoelectronic applications. Reported herein is the synthesis of perovskite-related Cs3Sb2Br9 NCs through a simple hot-injection approach. The morphologies and optical properties of NCs were controlled and optimized by varying the reaction temperature, time, and volume of surface ligands. Meanwhile, the Cs3Sb2Br9 NCs showed bandgap emission in the blue region centered at 470 nm, and 63nm full width at half maximum (FWHM). In addition, the Cs3Sb2Br9 NCs displayed high stability when immersed in a polar solvent like ethanol. It was also found that the bandgaps of the Cs3Sb2BrxI9−x NCs could be adjusted by regulating the composition of halogen.

Self-assembly and drug release mechanisms of mechano-responsive and antibacterial F127-Rif hydrogels

Hongchen Li,Jing Gan,Donglei Liu,Xin Luo 한국고분자학회 2023 Macromolecular Research Vol.31 No.2

The self-assembly and drug release mechanism of F127-RIF drug-loaded hydrogels were studied based on dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation. The F127 (PEO99-PPO65-PEO99) was chosen as the candidate matrix, rifampicin (Rif) was used as an antibacterial drug. The self-assembly procedure and drug release mechanism of the F127 polymeric rifampicin-loaded (F127-Rif) micelles in the aqueous solution were simulated. The results show that F127 macromolecules tended to aggregate into clusters due to their hydrophobic property in an aqueous environment, thus forming a core–shell structure. In the case of low drug loading, the self-assembly process was likely to form multiple relatively dispersed small micelles. When the drug loading reached 15–20%, the drug was exposed because of exceeding the coating limit of the polymer gels. It was more appropriate to control the optimal drug loading at about 10–13%. Under the unidirectional tensile force, the F127-Rif hydrogel bundle was slowly stretched, which helped rifampicin molecules diffuse from the micelle’s core to the outer layer. The greater the force loaded, the higher the drug release efficiency. At the same time, the F127-Rif micelle was cracked and caused the carrier to fail if the tensile force was too large. The appropriate loading force value was 50–70 kcal/mol/Å.

An adaptive deviation-resistant neutron spectrum unfolding method based on transfer learning

Cao, Chenglong,Gan, Quan,Song, Jing,Yang, Qi,Hu, Liqin,Wang, Fang,Zhou, Tao Korean Nuclear Society 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.11

Neutron spectrum is essential to the safe operation of reactors. Traditional online neutron spectrum measurement methods still have room to improve accuracy for the application cases of wide energy range. From the application of artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm in spectrum unfolding, its accuracy is difficult to be improved for lacking of enough effective training data. In this paper, an adaptive deviation-resistant neutron spectrum unfolding method based on transfer learning was developed. The model of ANN was trained with thousands of neutron spectra generated with Monte Carlo transport calculation to construct a coarse-grained unfolded spectrum. In order to improve the accuracy of the unfolded spectrum, results of the previous ANN model combined with some specific eigenvalues of the current system were put into the dataset for training the deeper ANN model, and fine-grained unfolded spectrum could be achieved through the deeper ANN model. The method could realize accurate spectrum unfolding while maintaining universality, combined with detectors covering wide energy range, it could improve the accuracy of spectrum measurement methods for wide energy range. This method was verified with a fast neutron reactor BN-600. The mean square error (MSE), average relative deviation (ARD) and spectrum quality (Qs) were selected to evaluate the final results and they all demonstrated that the developed method was much more precise than traditional spectrum unfolding methods.

A Dynamic Control Method for Cavs Platoon Based on the MPC Framework and Safety Potential Field Model

Linheng Li,Jing Gan,Xu Qu,Wenqi Lu,Peipei Mao,Bin Ran 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.25 No.5

Safety and efficiency have always been significant challenges to the development of road traffic. Detailed vehicle motion information is the prerequisite for achieving optimal control of the platoon and improving traffic safety and efficiency. The connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) system has offered unprecedented opportunities for the real-time collection and processing of these detailed vehicle motion data. Based on the model predictive control (MPC) framework and safety potential field (SPF) model, we developed an alternative CAVs platoon dynamic control method. The SPF model was applied to describe the road risk distribution under the complex driving environment and was embedded in the MPC framework to optimize the vehicle dynamics from the perspective of capacity, safety, and energy-saving. Also, some experiments were performed to verify the validity of our platoon control strategy. Compared with the fixed time-headway strategy, our proposed strategy can increase the traffic capacity by about 24.4%, while ensuring safety and improving fuel economy. The results indicate that the novel CAVs platoon control methodology proposed in this paper can be potentially applied to alleviate various traffic problems (e.g., traffic congestion, traffic accidents, and high emissions).