The role of roxadustat in chronic kidney disease patients complicated with anemia

( Jie Liu ),( Fan Yang ),( Yousuf Waheed ),( Shulin Li ),( Kun Liu ),( Xinglei Zhou ) 대한내과학회 2023 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.38 No.2

The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide and the current prevalence rate is 13.4%. There are > 120 million CKD patients in China and this number is expected to increase. One of the main abnormalities in patients with CKD and kidney impairment is decreased synthesis of erythropoietin (EPO), which causes anemia and affects iron metabolism. The probability of developing is higher in anemia patients with CKD than in the general population, and the incidence increases as kidney function decreases. Deficient EPO production by the kidney is the most important cause of renal anemia. Notably, anemia in patients with CKD has multiple causes, such as bleeding caused by platelet dysfunction, iron deficiency due to digestive and absorption disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and shorter red blood cell life. Anemia is also a leading cause of hospitalization in patients with CKD. A new oral medication to treat renal anemia, the hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor called roxadustat (FG-4592), regulates iron metabolism and promotes erythropoiesis. This drug has a therapeutic effect on patients with CKD. Roxadustat showed advantages over EPO in clinical experiments. This review summarizes the mechanisms of action, clinical applications, effectiveness, and safety of roxadustat.

Optimization Control Method of Intelligent Cooling and Lubrication for a Geared Spindle

Kun-Ying Li,Ping-Cheng Hsieh,Jen-Ji Wang,Shih-Jie Wei 한국정밀공학회 2023 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.24 No.10

The heat generated by the transmission system in the gear-driven spindle module of the machine tool not only influences the overall temperature field but also induces an excessive rise in temperature of gears tooth flank or rolling contact surface resulting in thermal deformation. In this study, high torque geared spindle was adopted to investigate a cooling control method, and an effective geared spindle cooling control method was proposed and tested. The controller of the cooling system received gear spindle load, rotational speed, and temperature of spindle to adjust the cooling flowrate, and the gas temperature of oil gas lubrication. Under spindle speed of 2000 rpm, the thermal deformations of X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis with cooling control are reduced by 43.7%, 46.8%, and 18.6%, respectively. The cooling control method not only can effectively control the rise in temperature of the meshing and contact friction area of the transmission system but also enables the transmission components and bearings of the geared spindle to achieve optimal cooling and lubrication effects.

Developing a Gesture Based Remote Human-Robot Interaction System Using Kinect

Kun Qian,Jie Niu,Hong Yang 보안공학연구지원센터 2013 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.7 No.4

Networks of MicroRNAs and Genes in Retinoblastomas

Li, Jie,Xu, Zhi-Wen,Wang, Kun-Hao,Wang, Ning,Li, De-Qiang,Wang, Shang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.11

Through years of effort, researchers have made notable progress in gene and microRNA fields about retinoblastoma morbidity. However, experimentally validated data for genes, microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) can only be found in a scattered form, which makes it difficult to conclude the relationship between genes and retinoblastoma systematically. In this study, we regarded genes, miRNAs and TFs as elements in the regulatory network and focused on the relationship between pairs of examples. In this way, we paid attention to all the elements macroscopically, instead of only researching one or several. To show regulatory relationships over genes, miRNAs and TFs clearly, we constructed 3 regulatory networks hierarchically, including a differentially expressed network, a related network and a global network, for analysis of similarities and comparison of differences. After construction of the three networks, important pathways were highlighted. We constructed an upstream and downstream element table of differentially expressed genes and miRNAs, in which we found self-adaption relations and circle-regulation. Our study systematically assessed factors in the pathogenesis of retinoblastoma and provided theoretical foundations for gene therapy researchers. In future studies, especial attention should be paid to the highlighted genes and miRNAs.

ICAO 부속서 6(항공기 운항)의 국내 항공법령 반영률에 관한 연구-ICAO Annex 6 PartⅠ(국제상업항공운송-항공기)을 중심으로-

노건수 ( Kun Soo Noh ),지민석 ( Min Seok Jie ),김웅이 ( Woong Yi Kim ) 한국항공우주정책.법학회(구 한국항공우주법학회) 2013 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.28 No.2

항공기 운항의 가장 기본이 되는 규정은 ICAO Annex 6. Operations of Aircraft(항공기 운항)이다. 이 중 Part Ⅰ은 상업항공운송용 항공기에 대한 것이며, 민간항공의 대부분을 차지하고 있다. ICAO에서는 항공기 운항에 관한 표준과 권고사항(SARPs:Standards and Recommended Practices)을 제정하여 체약국(Contracting States)이 어느 정도 국내규정에 반영하여 적용하고 있는지를 평가하고 있는데 이를 항공안전평가(USOAP)라고 한다. 기존의 ICAO 항공안전평가는 순간포착(Snap-shop) 방식으로 평가하였으나, 2013년부터 항공안전상시평가(USOAP-CMA) 방식으로 바뀌게 되어 시행된다. ICAO 항공안전평가 결과는 국적사의 노선, 보험료, 항공사간 제휴 등 국가항공산업 전반에 큰 영향을 미친다. 낮은 등급으로 판정 시, 국제사회에서 집중 주목이 되고 우리나라 국적사들이 운항정지, 노선제한, 항공사간 제휴 제한, 보험료 등 직/간접적으로 영향을 받을 수 있다. 따라서 우리나라 항공산업의 글로벌 경쟁력을 위해서는 ICAO 항공안전평가에서 ‘우수국가’ 지위를 유지하여 높은 신인도를 이어나가는 것이 매우 중요하다. 우리나라는 2008년 실시된 ICAO 항공안전평가에서 종합 평점 98.89점을 획득, 세계 1위를 차지한 바 있으나, 2008년 이후 개정된 사항이 제대로 반영되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 가장 최신의 개정판을 이용하여 ICAO Annex 6 Part Ⅰ의 국내 항공법규 반영정도를 파악해보고자 한다. 아울러 미반영된 부분과 부분반영된 부분에 대한 반영방안도 같이 제시하고자 한다. The world-wide principal criteria of aircraft operations is ICAO Annex 6.Operations of Aircraft. Among ICAO Annex 6, Part I is for International Commercial Air Transport . Aeroplanes and it assumes major part of civil aviation. ICAO has been providing Contracting States with SARPs(Standards and Recommended Practices) and monitor each State’s reflection degree into their domestic air law,so-called USOAP(Universal Safety Oversight Audit Program). Current ICAO USOAP is Snap-shot method, but it will be changed to USOAP-CMA method from the year of 2013. ICAO USOAP results have overall effects on national aviation industry such as routes, insurance, airlines cooperation and so forth. Low grades of results attract international attention and that leads to flag carrier’s operation stoppage, route restriction, airlines cooperation restriction, insurance increase directly or indirectly.Thus it is important to get excellent grades in ICAO USOAP and to maintain confidence. Our government ranked top to get 98.89 grades in 2008 ICAO USOAP but after 2008 the revised provisions have not been reflected sufficiently into our air law. So I would like to grip reflection ratio of ICAO Annex 6 Part I into our domestic air law by using the most updated revised edition on this paper. Together I would like to suggest alternatives for the non-reflected and partially reflected.

Dynamic Changes of Transcriptome and Metabolites During Ripening of Alpinia Oxyphylla Fruit (AOF)

Pan Kun,Yu Xiaodan,Wang Shujuan,Hou Jie,Luo Yuchao,Gao Bingmiao 한국식물학회 2022 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.65 No.6

Alpinia oxyphylla (Yizhi) is an economically valuable plant, not only used as edible fruit, but also as an important traditional medicinal material. However, there are few studies on fruit development and metabolic pathways. To elucidate the dynamic changes of metabolites and transcription levels during fruit development of A. oxyphylla, the four parts of A. oxyphylla fruit from different periods, including early fruit (EF), middle fruit (MF), late pericarp (LP) and late seed (LS) were collected. KEGG pathway analysis shows that DEGs in EF, MF, LP are involved in amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction. However, at the late part of fruit development (LS), most of the DEGs between LS and LP were enriched in pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, tryptophan metabolism. We found that in the early and middle parts of fruit development (EF, MF), many differential metabolites were enriched in piperidine tropane and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis. In addition, important active components, such as nootkatone in A. oxyphylla fruits accumulated in the LS part, but did not show significant differences in the first three parts. Some key transcription factors that are significantly positively correlated with the maturation of AOF have also been identified. Together, our research provides new insights into the accumulation of metabolites and the dynamic changes of the transcriptome during fruit development.

Improving the Capture-range Problem in Phase-diversity Phase Retrieval for Laser-wavefront Measurement Using Geometrical-optics Initial Estimates

Li Jie Li,Wen Bo Jing,Wen Shen,Yue Weng,Bing Kun Huang,Xuan Feng 한국광학회 2022 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.6 No.5

To overcome the capture-range problem in phase-diversity phase retrieval (PDPR), a geometricaloptics initial-estimate method is proposed to avoid a local minimum and to improve the accuracy of laser-wavefront measurement. We calculate the low-order aberrations through the geometrical-optics model, which is based on the two spot images in the propagation path of the laser, and provide it as a starting guess for the PDPR algorithm. Simulations show that this improves the accuracy of wavefront recovery by 62.17% compared to other initial values, and the iteration time with our method is reduced by 28.96%. That is, this approach can solve the capture-range problem.

Inter-domain Alliance Authentication Protocol Based on Blind Signature

Zhang Jie,Zhang Qi-kun,Gan Yong,Yin Yifeng,Tan Yu-an 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.12

In large distributed networks, many computers must be mutual coordination to complete some works under the certain conditions, these computers may come from different domains. For ensuring secure cross domains to access resources among these computers in different domains, this paper proposes a multi-domain union authentication protocol. The protocol adopts blind signature to achieve mutual authentication among entities in different domains. This scheme overcomes the complexity of certificate transmission and the network bottlenecks in the scheme of PKI-based. It can trace the entity identity and supports two-way entities anonymous authentication, which avoid the authority counterfeiting its member to access other domain’s resources. Analysis shows that its advantages on security and communication-consumption.

Continuous DC-CIK Infusions Restore CD8⁺ Cellular Immunity, Physical Activity and Improve Clinical Efficacy in Advanced Cancer Patients Unresponsive to Conventional Treatments

Zhao, Yan-Jie,Jiang, Ni,Song, Qing-Kun,Wu, Jiang-Ping,Song, Yu-Guang,Zhang, Hong-Mei,Chen, Feng,Zhou, Lei,Wang, Xiao-Li,Zhou, Xin-Na,Yang, Hua-Bing,Ren, Jun,Lyerly, Herbert Kim Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.6

Background: There are few choices for treatment of advanced cancer patients who do not respond to or tolerate conventional anti-cancer treatments. Therefore this study aimed to deploy the benefits and clinical efficacy of continuous dendritic cell-cytokine induced killer cell infusions in such patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 381 infusions (from 67 advanced cases recruited) were included in this study. All patients underwent peripheral blood mononuclear cell apheresis for the following cellular therapy and dendritic cells-cytokine induced killer cells were expanded in vitro. Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were quantified through flow cytometry to address the cellular immunity status. Clinical efficacy and physical activities were evaluated by RECIST criteria and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scores respectively. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between cellular infusions and clinical benefits. Results: An average of $5.7{\pm}2.94{\times}10^9$ induced cells were infused each time and patients were exposed to 6 infusions. Cellular immunity was improved in that cytotoxic $CD8^+CD28^+$ T lymphocytes were increased by 74% and suppressive $CD8^+CD28^-$ T lymphocytes were elevated by 16% (p<0.05). Continuous infusion of dendritic cells-cytokine induced killer cells was associated with improvement of both patient status and cellular immunity. A median of six infusions were capable of reducing risk of progression by 70% (95%CI 0.10-0.91). Every elevation of one ECOG score corresponded to a 3.90-fold higher progression risk (p<0.05) and 1% increase of $CD8^+CD28^-$ T cell proportion reflecting a 5% higher risk of progression (p<0.05). Conclusions: In advanced cancer patients, continuous dendritic cell-cytokine induced killer cell infusions are capable of recovering cellular immunity, improving patient status and quality of life in those who are unresponsive to conventional cancer treatment.

음식물 쓰레기와 폐활성 슬러지를 이용한 생물학적 수소생산 및 수소생산 미생물 군집분석

김동건(Dong-Kun Kim),이윤지(Yun-Jie Lee),김동임(Dong-Im Kim),김지성(Ji-Seong Kim),유명진(Myong-Jin Yu),박대원(Dae-Won Pak),김미선(Mi-Sun Kim),상병인(Byoung-In Sang) 한국생물공학회 2005 KSBB Journal Vol.20 No.6