Enforcement of South Korean Arbitral Awards in Mainland China

YANG,Fan 한국중재학회 2015 중재연구 Vol.25 No.3

This article reviews some recent decisions of the Supreme People’s Court (SPC) of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the recognition and enforcement of several South Korean arbitral awards. It explains the implementation of the New York Convention in the PRC and in particular the so-called Report System under the current Mainland Chinese law and judicial practice. It identifies some deficiencies in the People’s Courts’ approaches to the application and interpretation of the New York Convention and argues that the Mainland Chinese courts should adopt the pro-enforcement principle in the determination of the relevant issues under the New York Convention. It proposes further enhancement of the Report System and that the current categorization of ‘domestic, foreign-related and foreign’ in the context of arbitration agreements and arbitral awards needs to be further reviewed and clarified by the SPC. Last but not the least, it recommends some steps that South Korean parties should take to enhance the enforceability of South Korean Arbitral Awards in Mainland China.

The Development of Tea Culture in China

You-Ying Tu,Jiang-Fan Yang2 한국차학회 2015 한국차학회지 Vol.- No.S

Since the discovery and first consumption of tea by Shen-Nong has been 5000 years when he tasted various herbs. About 3000 years ago human started to plant tea trees in China. Now, tea is spread from China into many countries around the world. Tea is the second most popular soft drink in the world, and more people are getting to know its health functions. This review introduces three parts: the first part is the history of tea, which is long and complex, spreading across multiple cultures over the span of thousands of years. The second part is the processing and classification of six kinds of Chinese teas, including green tea, black tea, Oolong tea, yellow tea, white tea and dark tea. The third part is the different tea customs in different places according to different social culture and natural environment.

rs10505474 and rs7837328 at 8q24 Cumulatively Confer Risk of Prostate Cancer in Northern Han Chinese

Zhang, Lin-Lin,Sun, Liang,Zhu, Xiao-Quan,Xu, Yong,Yang, Kuo,Yang, Fan,Yang, Yi-Ge,Chen, Guo-Qiang,Fu, Ji-Cheng,Zheng, Chen-Guang,Li, Ying,Mu, Xiao-Qiu,Shi, Xiao-Hong,Zhao, Fan,Wang, Fei,Yang, Ze,Wang, Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.7

Aims: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several risk variants for prostate cancer (pCa) mainly in Europeans, which need to be further verified in other racial groups. We selected six previously identified variants as candidates and to define the association with PCa in Northern Han Chinese. Methods: 749 subjects from Beijing and Tianjin in Northern China were included. Six variants (rs10505474, rs7837328, rs4242384, rs7813, rs486907 and rs1058205) were genotyped by high resolution melting (HRM) assays. The individual and cumulative contribution for of the risk of PCa and clinical covariates were analyzed. Results: Among the six candidate variants, onlyrs10505474, and rs7837328, both locating at 8q24 region, were associated with PCa in our population.rs10505474 (A) was associated with PCa ($OR_{recessive}=1.56$, p=0.006); and rs7837328 (A) was associated with PCa ($OR_{dominant}=1.38$, p=0.042/$OR_{recessive}=1.99$, p=0.003). Moreover, we observed a cumulative effects between them ($p_{trend}=2.58{\times}10^{-5}$). The joint population attributable risk showed the two variants might account for 71.85% of PCa risk. In addition, we found the homozygotes of rs10505474 (A) and rs7837328 (A) were associated with PCa clinical covariants (age at onset, tumor stage, respectively) ($p_{age}=0.046$, $P_{tumorstage}=0.048$). Conclusion: rs10505474 (A) and rs7387328 (A) at 8q24 are associated with PCa and cumulatively confer risk, suggesting the two variations could determine susceptibility to PCa in the Northern Chinese Han population.

Central role of autophagic UVRAG in melanogenesis and the suntan response

Yang, Yongfei,Jang, Gyu-beom,Yang, Xuanjun,Wang, Qiaoxiu,He, Shanshan,Li, Shun,Quach, Christine,Zhao, Shihui,Li, Fan,Yuan, Zengqiang,Lee, Hye-Ra,Zhong, Hanbing,Liang, Chengyu National Academy of Sciences 2018 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.115 No.33

<P>UV-induced cell pigmentation represents an important mechanism against skin cancers. Sun-exposed skin secretes alpha-MSH, which induces the lineage-specific transcriptional factor MITF and activates melanogenesis in melanocytes. Here, we show that the autophagic tumor suppressor UVRAG plays an integral role in melanogenesis by interaction with the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1). This interaction is required for BLOC-1 stability and for BLOC-1-mediated cargo sorting and delivery to melanosomes. Absence of UVRAG dispersed BLOC-1 distribution and activity, resulting in impaired melanogenesis in vitro and defective melanocyte development in zebrafish in vivo. Furthermore, our results establish UVRAG as an important effector for melanocytes' response to alpha-MSH signaling as a direct target of MITF and reveal the molecular basis underlying the association between oncogenic BRAF and compromised UV protection in melanoma.</P>

Mesozoic magmatism in the eastern North China Craton: Insights on tectonic cycles associated with progressive craton destruction

Yang, Fan,Santosh, M.,Kim, Sung Won Elsevier 2018 GONDWANA RESEARCH Vol.60 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The North China Craton (NCC) provides a classic example for lithospheric thinning associated with craton destruction (or decratonization) through multiple tectonic events. The peak of craton destruction is considered to have occurred during Mesozoic, especially in Early Cretaceous, linked to the subduction/collision between the NCC and Yangtze Craton during the Triassic in the south and the Paleo-Pacific plate subduction during Early Cretaceous in the east. Here we investigate a suite of intrusive and volcanic suites including granite, gabbro, diorite, basalt, andesite, volcanic tuff, agglomerate, siliceous tuff and trachyte from the southern Yishui and Juxian domains to gain insights into the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the eastern NCC in relation to decratonization. Zircon U-Pb data from basalt show multiple populations with xenocrystic grains ranging in age from Paleoproterozoic (2457–1940 Ma), through Neoproterozoic (896–559 Ma), to Paleozoic (442–380 Ma) and Mesozoic (204–122 Ma). Inherited grains from the granite and gabbro yield weight mean <SUP>206</SUP>Pb/<SUP>238</SUP>U ages of 650.0 ± 13 to 773.4 ± 2.6 Ma suggesting the involvement of components from the Yangtze Craton. Magmatic zircons from diorite show weight mean <SUP>206</SUP>Pb/<SUP>238</SUP>U ages of 121.5 ± 1.2 Ma representing the emplacement age of this rock. Magmatic zircon grains from the volcanic suite (andesite, volcanic tuff, agglomerate, siliceous tuff and trachyte), show weighted mean <SUP>206</SUP>Pb/<SUP>238</SUP>U ages of 132.4 ± 1.4 Ma, 123.02 ± 0.71 Ma, 122.97 ± 0.69 Ma, 121.96 ± 0.49 Ma, and 124.6 ± 1.1 Ma respectively, corresponding to the timings of their eruption. The Paleoproterozoic zircon grains correspond to xenocrysts captured from the NCC basement rocks, whereas the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic grains were inherited from the Yangtze Craton. The Late Triassic to Jurassic zircon grains can be correlated to delamination of the thickened continental crust during deep subduction of Yangtze continental crust and the continent-continent collision between NCC and the Yangtze Craton. The Early Cretaceous population can be linked to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate from the east and related extensional setting. The geochemical data display significant enrichment in LREE along with negative Eu anomalies, with high Th/Ta and La/Nb ratios, negative Nb–Ta anomalies, and high concentration of LILE (K, Rb, Ba and Pb) than HFSE (Nb, Ta and Ti), suggesting subduction-related arc magmatic setting in an active continental margin. Zircon Lu-Hf data from these rocks display dominantly negative εHf(t) values ranging from −36.8 to −3.1, T<SUB>DM</SUB> in the range of 1105–2572 Ma, and T<SUB>DM</SUB> <SUP>C</SUP> between 1785 Ma and 3776 Ma, indicating that the magma sources involved Paleoproterozoic components with minor input of reworked Archean crust through different degrees of enrichment with crustal material and minor input from extension-related mantle melting. In conjunction with the results from previous studies in the eastern NCC, we propose that the late Paleozoic southward subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, the Triassic northward subduction and collision of the Yangtze Craton with the NCC, and the Early Cretaceous westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate jointly contributed to the cratonic destruction of NCC. The Paleo-Pacific plate subduction beneath the NCC (major contributing mechanism) with the slab rollback induced lithospheric extension likely facilitated back-arc spreading, asthenospheric upwelling resulting in lithospheric thinning including delamination, melting of lithosphere mantle, and underplating of the modified mantle beneath the lower crust of the NCC during the Early Cretaceous.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Early Cretaceous magmatic suite from the eastern NCC

Can Minimum Wage Policy Increase Personal Income?-Evidence from China

Fan YANG,Shuang ZHANG,Ya-Hao LI 한국웰빙융합학회 2023 웰빙융합연구 Vol.6 No.4

Purpose: As an important provision to protect the rights and interests of low-income groups, it is worth studying whether the minimum wage policy can improve the quality of life for people. Research design, data and methodology: Using data from the 2015 and 2017 China General Social Survey (CGSS), this paper employs the logit model to estimate the probability of an individual's annual income being higher than the per capita disposable income of their province. It also utilizes the DID model to analyze the impact of minimum wage increases on individuals' annual incomes. Results: The analysis reveals that an overall increase in the minimum wage raises the probability of an individual's annual income exceeding the per capita disposable income by 3%. Among them, the probability increased by 2.2% for males and by 3.2% for females. Furthermore, the impact of the minimum wage on annual income varies depending on the individual's income level. Notably, the most positive and significant impact is observed for individuals whose income level is close to the minimum wage standard. Conclusions: This provides evidence that the increase in the minimum wage has effectively improved the quality of life for the population.

Improved direct torque control strategy for reducing torque ripple in switched reluctance motors

Fan Yang,Hao Chen,Vitor Pires,Joao Martins,Yassen Gorbounov,Xiaodong Li,Mohamed Orabi 전력전자학회 2022 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.22 No.4

To reduce the torque ripple of a switched reluctance motor (SRM), this paper proposed a direct torque optimization scheme. To force the torque to better track the reference torque, the proposed method abolished the torque hysteresis control and a fuzzy controller was adopted to quantitatively analyze the difference between the reference torque and measured torque. Therefore, the torque reference factor that represents the torque under different conditions can be obtained, and the system should be controlled by different voltage vectors with different output torque capabilities at different torque reference factor values. In this way, the torque can better track the given torque. At the same time, the existing sectors were optimized in this paper. Under optimized sectors, the adopted direct torque control (DTC) scheme can drive the SRM better. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, it is compared with the current chop control (CCC) strategy and the traditional DTC control strategy on a 12/8 three-phase SRM by simulations and experiments. The obtained results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the torque ripple of the SRM.

Analysis of Aerodynamic Characteristics of Rotor Near Water Surface

Fan Yang,Guoqing Zhao,Xi Chen,Qijun Zhao,Chenkai Cao 한국전산유체공학회 2022 한국전산유체공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.10

Enforcement of South Korean Arbitral Awards in Mainland China

YANG, Fan 한국중재학회 2015 중재연구 Vol.25 No.3

This article reviews some recent decisions of the Supreme People’s Court (SPC) of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the recognition and enforcement of several South Korean arbitral awards. It explains the implementation of the New York Convention in the PRC and in particular the so-called Report System under the current Mainland Chinese law and judicial practice. It identifies some deficiencies in the People’s Courts’ approaches to the application and interpretation of the New York Convention and argues that the Mainland Chinese courts should adopt the pro-enforcement principle in the determination of the relevant issues under the New York Convention. It proposes further enhancement of the Report System and that the current categorization of ‘domestic, foreign-related and foreign’ in the context of arbitration agreements and arbitral awards needs to be further reviewed and clarified by the SPC. Last but not the least, it recommends some steps that South Korean parties should take to enhance the enforceability of South Korean Arbitral Awards in Mainland China.

Numerical Investigation of the Segmental Lining Performance for a Shield Tunnel

Fan Yang,Guang Liu,Yan-qiao Wang,Si-kun Yu 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.26 No.5

The performance of segmental linings in China's Yellow River Crossing Tunnel is studied as a case study, and a complete three-dimensional numerical model is developed for the segmental joint to perform a bending test and reproduce the joint rotational performance. Besides, an improved three-dimensional solid-spring model together with a straightforward two-dimensional beam-spring model are presented for the segmental lining to take the influences of the joint into account. The bending test shows that the rotation stiffness of joints presents complex and nonlinear characteristics. The segmental lining simulation reveals that the segmental joint has little impact on the axial forces of the lining. However, the bending rigidity of the segmental lining corresponding to the joint location is weakened, which leads to discontinuous stress distribution, decreased bending moments and increased deformations. According to the comparison, the proposed three-dimensional solid-spring model excluding contact has the advantage of mesh generation, and it is capable of reproducing the three-dimensional segmental lining effects. The proposed two-dimensional beam-spring model combined with the calculation methods of all the spring stiffnesses is an effective and further simplified method for the segmental lining modeling, which incorporates the influences of the joint and staggered format.