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Operational Risk Management of Commercial Banks
Jianbo Song,Xiaokun Zhao,Chunyan Sheng 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2009 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10
In this paper, we present the types and characteristics of risks in commercial banks. Among all the risks, operational risk is paid more and more heed to. It is caused by people, processes, external events and other factors. According to the Base II New Capital Accord, there are mainly three approahces to the capital for dperational risk-The Basic Indicator Approach, The Standardized Approach and The Advanced Measurement Approach. We can take actions to manage the operational risk in commerical banks and improve their competitiveness: (1) create a culture of risk management; (2) establish the independent organizational structure of risk management; (3) introduce the strict division of posts; (4) design a procedure of tight authorization; (5) assume the procedural or standardized control; (6) set up the efficient program of employee management; (7) reengineer the business processes of banks; (8) highlight control over special risk points.
Chen, Jianbo,Li, Meijia,Chen, Lixue,Wang, Yufang,Li, Shanshan,Zhang, Yuwei,Zhang, Lei,Song, Mingjie,Liu, Chang,Hua, Mei,Sun, Yinshi The Korean Society of Ginseng 2018 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.42 No.1
Background: The use of different methods for the processing of ginseng can result in alterations in its medicinal properties and efficacy. White ginseng (WG), frozen ginseng (FG), and red ginseng (RG) are produced using different methods. WG, FG, and RG possess different pharmacological properties. Methods: WG, FG, and RG extracts and pure ginsenosides were administered to rats to study the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution characteristics of the following ginsenosides-DRg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd. The concentrations of the ginsenosides in the plasma and tissues were determined using UPLC-MS/MS. Results: The rate and extent of absorption of Rg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd appeared to be affected by the different methods used in processing the ginseng samples. The areas under the plasma drug concentration-time curves (AUCs) of Rg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd were significantly higher than those of the pure ginsenosides. In addition, the AUCs of Rg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd were different for WG, FG, and RG. The amounts of Rg1, Re, Rd, and Rb1 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the tissues than those of the pure ginsenosides. The amounts of Re, Rb1, and Rd from the RG extract were significantly higher than those from the WG and FG extracts in the heart, lungs, and kidneys of the rats. Conclusion: Our results show that the use of different methods to process ginseng might affect the pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of ginseng as well as the tissue concentrations of Rg1, Re, Rd, and Rb1.
Rui Yan,Jianbo Song,Zhifang Wu,Min Guo,Jianzhong Liu,Jianguo Li,Xinzhong Hao,Sijin Li 대한영상의학회 2015 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.16 No.4
To determine the efficacy of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in the detection of radiation-induced myocardial damage in beagles by comparing two pre-scan preparation protocols as well as to determine the correlation between abnormal myocardial FDG uptake and pathological findings. The anterior myocardium of 12 beagles received radiotherapy locally with a single X-ray dose of 20 Gy. 18F-FDG cardiac PET/CT was performed at baseline and 3 months after radiation. Twelve beagles underwent two protocols before PET/CT: 12 hours of fasting (12H-F), 12H-F followed by a high-fat diet (F-HFD). Regions of interest were drawn on the irradiation and the non-irradiation fields to obtain their maximal standardized uptake values (SUVmax). Then the ratio of the SUV of the irradiation to the non-irradiation fields (INR) was computed. Histopathological changes were identified by light and electron microscopy. Using the 12H-F protocol, the average INRs were 1.18 ± 0.10 and 1.41 ± 0.18 before and after irradiation, respectively (p = 0.021). Using the F-HFD protocol, the average INRs were 0.99 ± 0.15 and 2.54 ± 0.43, respectively (p < 0.001). High FDG uptake in irradiation field was detected in 33.3% (4/12) of 12H-F protocol and 83.3% (10/12) of F-HFD protocol in visual analysis, respectively (p = 0.031). The pathology of the irradiated myocardium showed obvious perivascular fibrosis and changes in mitochondrial vacuoles. High FDG uptake in an irradiated field may be related with radiation-induced myocardial damage resulting from microvascular damage and mitochondrial injury. An F-HFD preparation protocol used before obtaining PET/CT can improve the sensitivity of the detection of cardiotoxicity associated with radiotherapy.
Object Tracking based on Relaxed Inverse Sparse Representation
( Junxing Zhang ),( Chunjuan Bo ),( Jianbo Tang ),( Peng Song ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2015 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.9 No.9
In this paper, we develop a novel object tracking method based on sparse representation. First, we propose a relaxed sparse representation model, based on which the tracking problem is casted as an inverse sparse representation process. In this process, the target template is able to be sparsely approximated by all candidate samples. Second, we present an objective function that combines the sparse representation process of different fragments, the relaxed representation scheme and a weight reference prior. Based on some propositions, the proposed objective function can be solved by using an iteration algorithm. In addition, we design a tracking framework based on the proposed representation model and a simple online update manner. Finally, numerous experiments are conducted on some challenging sequences to compare our tracking method with some state-of-the-art ones. Both qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that the proposed tracking method performs better than other competing algorithms.
Jingyuan Guan,Xiao Xiao,Shengjuan Xu,Fen Gao,Jianbo Wang,Tietao Wang,Yunhong Song,Junfeng Pan,Xihui Shen,Yao Wang 한국미생물학회 2015 The journal of microbiology Vol.53 No.9
RpoS (σS), the stationary phase/stress σ factor, controls the expression of a large number of genes involved in cellular responses to a variety of stresses. However, the role of RpoS appears to differ in different bacteria. While RpoS is an important regulator of flagellum biosynthesis, it is associated with biofilm development in Edwardsiella tarda. Biofilms are dense communities formed by bacteria and are important for microbe survival under unfavorable conditions. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) discovered recently is reportedly associated with several phenotypes, ranging from biofilm formation to stress sensing. For example, Vibrio anguillarum T6SS was proposed to serve as a sensor for extracytoplasmic signals and modulates RpoS expression and stress response. In this study, we investigated the physiological roles of RpoS in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, including bacterial survival under stress conditions, flagella formation, biofilm development and T6SS expression. We found that RpoS is important in resistance to multiple stressors–including H2O2, acid, osmotic and heat shock–in Y. pseudotuberculosis. In addition, our study showed that RpoS not only modulates the expression of T6SS but also regulates flagellum formation by positively controlling the flagellar master regulatory gene flhDC, and affects the formation of biofilm on Caenorhabditis elegans by regulating the synthesis of exopolysaccharides. Taken together, these results show that RpoS plays a central role in cell fitness under several adverse conditions in Y. pseudotuberculosis.