정신분열병 및 정신분열형 장애에 대한 올란자핀의 효과와 안전성

안용민,강대엽,권준수,김창윤,김철응,반건호,신영민,이기철,이동우,이중서,조현상,채정호,김용식 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.4

연구목적 : 본 다기관 공동임상연구는 국내 환자를 대상으로 새로운 항정신병약물인 올라자핀의 치료 효과와 안전성을 확인하고자 시행되었다. 방 법 : 1999년 7월부터 2000년 3월까지 국내 10개 병원에 방문한 정신분열병 및 정신분열형 장애 105명을 대상으로 비대조 개방 임상연구를 시행하였다. 중등도 이상의 정신병 증상을 지니거나, 부작용으로 약물교체가 필요한 경우 또는 기분장애 증상의 치료가 필요한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 2∼7일간의 약물 배설기간 후에 1일 10mg의 올란자핀을 투여하였고, 이후로 3∼7일 간격으로 용량을 조절하여 총 8주간 투여하였다. 치료 효과는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), BPRS(Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression-Severity), MADRS(Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale), HAM-A(Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety)로 판정하였다. 안전성 평가는 자발적인 이상반응 보고, 활력징후와 혈액 검사 및 SAS(Simpson-Angus Scale), BARS(Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale), AIMS(Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale)척도를 이용하였다. 결 과 : 105명중에서 85.7%인 90명이 8주간의 치료를 완료하였다. 평균 최빈 용량은 일일 16.1(±4.7)mg이었고, 종료시점에서의 BPRS전체 점수가 기저 상태에 비해 40%이상 감소된 반응군은 69.5%이었다. PANSS의 양성 증후군과 일반정신병리 뿐만 아니라 음성 증후군 소척도에서도 유의한 감소를 보였으며, 이 감소들은 치료 초기부터 나타나서 8주간 지속되었다. 43.8%의 피험자가 중등도 이상의 우울증상을 같이 지니고 있었으며, 올란자핀에 의해 MADRS와 HAM-A가 유의하게 감소하였다. 치료 기간 동안에 활력징후에는 뚜렷한 변화가 없었으나 체중은 8주간 지속적으로 증가하였다. SAS와 AIMS는 감소하였으며, 정좌불능증을 제외한 나머지 추체외로 증상의 발생비율도 낮았다. 임상적인 증상이나 징후를 동반하지 않는 ALT/SGPT의 상승을 보였지만 프로락틴을 포함하는 대부분의 혈액 검사상 뚜렷한 이상 변화는 없었다. 결 론 ; 비록 본 임상연구가 비대조 개방 임상연구로서 많은 제한점을 가지고 있지만, 올란자핀이 기존 약물에 내약성을 보이거나 기분증상을 동반하는 정신병에 치료 효과가 있었다. 그리고 기존 항정신병약물 치료시에 문제가 되었던 추체외로 증상과 고프르로락틴 혈증을 포함하는 대부분의 부작용면에서 안전성을 보여 주었다. Objective : This multicenter clinical trial was carried out to investigate the efficacy and the safety of olanzpine for the treatment of Korean patients. Mothod : 105 patients with schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder, visited at 10 mental or university hospitals, had received an open and non-comparative treatment with olanzapine for 8 weeks. Patients had psychotic or depressive symptoms with the severity above moderate degree or intolerable side effects to previous antipsychotics. After a wash-out period of 2-7 days, 10mg olanzapine was prescribed initially to all the patients, and then the dosage could be adjusted within the range of 5-20mg/day of olanzapine by 3-7 days. Results : 90(85.7%) of 105 patients completed the 8-weeks trial and the mean modal dose of olanzapine was 16.1(±4.7%)mg/day. At the end of the trial, 73 patients(69.5%) were classified as responder, which was defined as 40% or more improvement in BPRS(Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale) score comparing to baseline. There was a significant reduction in the scores of PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale)and subscales including negative symptom scores and CGI. Also weekly analysis showed that the reductions in scores were kept on for the whole period of the trial. 43.8% of all the patients had depressive symptoms at the baseline and total scores of MADRS(Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale) and HAM-A(Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety) were also reduced after the trials. Vital signs revealed no clinically significant changes but continuous weight gain was observed during the treatment with olanzapine. The scores of SAS(Simpson-Angus Scale) and AIMS(Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale) for assessing the EPS(extrapyramidal symptoms)and tardive dyskinesia respectively were significantly decreased and only a few patients reported EPS as adverse events. Although mild and clinically non-significant of ALT/SGPT was observed, most laboratory parameters including plasma prolactin level showed to significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : Although this trial had many limitations because it was a non-comparative and open study, olanzapine showed high efficacy on the positive, negative and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder.In addition to that, olanzapine showed a substantially favorable safety profile, such as low incidence of EPS and hyperprolactinemia.

통근통행자의 다목적지 통행수요의 특성 분석

윤대식,이정엽 영남대학교 지역발전연구소 1998 새마을지역개발연구 Vol.22 No.-

The main objective of this research is to analyze urban workers' multi-destination travel choice behavior. For this research, two alternative travel pattern choice models were empirically estimated by using a survey data collected from Kyongsan and Yeungchun City. For this research, two alternative nested logit model structures were employed. These two alternative model strums are based on two different behavioral hypotheses. One is hypothesized that urban workers' daily travel pattern choice behavior is represented by two stages of choices With single-destination or multi-destination travel pattern choice as the higher stage, and the number of tours as the lower stage. The other model is hypothesized that urban workers' daily travel pattern choice behavior is represented by two stages of choices with single-destination or multi-destination travel pattern choice as the higher stage, and the number of stops as the lower stage. From the empirical results, it is found to be more sensible to represent urban workers' daily travel patterns as the nested logit model structure with single-destination or multi-destination travel pattern choice as the higher stage, and the number of tours as the lower stage.

20세기 한국의 농업기상재해 특징

심교문,이정택,이양수,김건엽 한국농림기상학회 2003 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.5 No.4

Recently, both climate change and unusual meteorological disasters are becoming a more frequent and serious threat to agricultural production. Destruction of the stabilizing base of agricultural productivity in Korea is a concern. This study provides basic information for stabilizing agricultural production by clarifying and analyzing the features of agro-meteorological disasters which have occurred recently in Korea. The occurrence of meteorological disasters has increased rapidly since the 1940s. A 19-fold increase in occurrence is noted over the past 60 years from 1941 to 2000. Meteorological disasters occurred mostly in August, then in July, and least often in October. In terms of regional occurrences, the frequency of meteorological disasters was the highest in Gangwon (751 times) and in Jeonnam (703 times) provinces, and the lowest in Jeju (459 times) province for the 97 years from 1904 to 2000. Agro-meteorological disasters which caused the most serious damage to cropland were rain storms and typhoons for the 10 years from 1991 to 2000, and they occurred 52 and 18 times during this period, respectively. Agro-meteorological disasters occurred mainly during the summer season (from June to September) when major crops are cultivated in Korea.

EP-MAC: Early Preamble MAC To Achieve Low Delay And Energy Consumption In Duty Cycle Based Asynchronous Wireless Sensor Networks

( Jeong-yeob Oak ),( Young-june Choi ),( Wooguil Pak ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2012 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.6 No.11

Since wireless sensor networks are broadly used in various areas, there have been a number of protocols developed to satisfy specific constraints of each application. The most important and common requirements regardless of application types are to provide a long network lifetime and small end-to-end delay. In this paper, we propose Early Preamble MAC (EP-MAC) with improved energy conservation and low latency. It is based on CMAC but adopts a new preamble type called `early preamble`. In EP-MAC, a transmitting node can find quickly when a next receiving node wakes up, so EP-MAC enables direct data forwarding in the next phase. From numerical analysis, we show that EP-MAC improves energy consumption and latency greatly compared to CMAC. We also implemented EP-MAC with NS-2, and through extensive simulation, we confirmed that EP-MAC outperforms CMAC.

Prediction of ship resistance in level ice based on empirical approach

Jeong, Seong-Yeob,Choi, Kyungsik,Kang, Kuk-Jin,Ha, Jung-Seok The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2017 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.9 No.6

A semi-empirical model to predict ship resistance in level ice based on Lindqvist's model is presented. This model assumes that contact between the ship and the ice is a case of symmetrical collision, and two contact cases are considered. Submersion force is calculated via Lindqvist's formula, and the crushing and breaking forces are determined by a concept of energy consideration during ship and ice impact. The effect of the contact coefficient is analyzed in the ice resistance prediction. To validate this model, the predicted results are compared with model test data of USCGC Healy and icebreaker Araon, and full-scale data of the icebreaker KV Svalbard. A relatively good agreement is achieved. As a result, the presented model is recommended for preliminary total resistance prediction in advance of the evaluation of the icebreaking performance of vessels.

Recent Study of Microbial Insecticides for Insect Pest Control

Jeong Jun Kim,Ji Hee Han,Sang Yeob Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.04

Insect pests have been a serious problem over many years and remain a major threat for food production. Although chemical pesticides are major pest control strategies, use of microorganisms such as entomopathogenic bacteria, fungi, viruses and nematodes have continuously increase last few decades to minimize the use of agrichemicals. According to BBC research, the global biocontrol market was about $2.1 billion in 2011, and this is expected to rise $3 ~ 4 billion by 2017. Over 50 entomopathogens are commercially produced and used augmentatively as microbial pesticides. About 175 biopesticide active ingredients and 700 products have been registered worldwide. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium spp., nuclear polyhedrosis virus and Steinernema spp. are the most popular control agents used in plant protection. Among the microbial control agents Bt products have more than 50% of market share. In Korea, only 13 environmentally-friendly crop protectants were registered for insect pest control in 2015. Market share is very low and has grown slowly. We will discuss how we can expand the market with our techniques.

The Degree of Shading to Reduce the Death Allium hookeri in Summer

Jeong Yeob Kim(김종엽),Hoi Chun Lim(임회춘),Yoon Ki Hong(홍윤기),Jung Seob Moon(문정섭),Song Hee Ahn(안송희),Eun Seok Park(박은석),Young Ju Song(송영주) 한국약용작물학회 2016 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.1

Characterization of Basal Plane Dislocations in PVT-Grown SiC by Transmission Electron Microscopy

Jeong, Myoungho,Kim, Dong-Yeob,Hong, Soon-Ku,Lee, Jeong Yong,Yeo, Im Gyu,Eun, Tai-Hee,Chun, Myoung-Chuel Materials Research Society of Korea 2016 한국재료학회지 Vol.26 No.11

4H- and 6H-SiC grown by physical vapor transport method were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From the TEM diffraction patterns observed along the [11-20] zone axis, 4H- and 6H-SiC were identified due to their additional diffraction spots, indicating atomic stacking sequences. However, identification was not possible in the [10-10] zone axis due to the absence of additional diffraction spots. Basal plane dislocations (BPDs) were investigated in the TEM specimen prepared along the [10-10] zone axis using the two-beam technique. BPDs were two Shockley partial dislocations with a stacking fault (SF) between them. Shockley partial BPDs arrayed along the [0001] growth direction were observed in the investigated 4H-SiC. This arrayed configuration of Shockley partial BPDs cannot be recognized from the plan view TEM with the [0001] zone axis. The evaluated distances between the two Shockley partial dislocations for the investigated samples were similar to the equilibrium distance, with values of several hundreds of nanometers or even values as large as over a few micrometers.

삼채 고온기 하고 현상 억제를 위한 적정 차광정도

Jeong Yeob Kim,Hoi Chun Lim,Yoon Ki Hong,Jung Seob Moon,Song Hee Ahn,Eun Seok Park,Young Ju Song 한국약용작물학회 2016 한국약용작물학술대회 발표집 Vol.2016 No.05

Background : This experiment was conducted to find the right degree of shading to reduce summer months when the death Allium hookeri cultivation in the southern highland in Korea. This experiment was conducted at an altitude of 500m, Jeonbuk Namwon unbong plateau region The soil was tested in phosphatic content was slightly higher so 671 ㎎/㎏ than regular soil. Every soil testing was conducted in sandy soil with good water. The test day highs at 50% shading plots of shading in this period about 6.1℃ lower than the non-shading. The soil temperature is lowered to 1.9℃ at 50% shading plots compared with the non-shading. As a result, Allium hookeri underground quantities produced per 1,682 ㎏ 10a in 50% shading plots. This was a 35% increase compared to the non-shading plots. Allium hookeri is native to the Alpine 4,200m from 1,400m above sea level, near the Himalaya Mountains. Myanmar is known as the National vegetables. Allium hookeri is Allium plants. It flies three flavors, including sweet, spicy, bitter taste. Allium hookeri roots are similar to ginseng roots called as 'three vegetable' This is a randomly named. The in Korea was first introduced in 2006. By 2015, the country has been found to 190㏊, Jeonbuk 35㏊ (18.3%) is growing. Therefore, this study was conducted to introduce the cultivation of plants in the southern highland in Korea. Methods and Results : In order to use this experimental Allium hookeri seedlings were planted in Jeonbuk Sunchang after buying. Allium hookeri cultivation methods put the 3∼4 one eye on the roots. Planting the root length was cut to leave a 3∼5㎝. The planting distance was 40×20㎝. The shielding 35, two months were 50 and 75% by July 1, August 31. The air temperature, soil temperature were investigated in accordance with the changes of light in this experiment. And examined the withering rate, brightness, growth conditions, such as Yield. Conclusion : Test results were as follows. Allium hookeri roots emerged on March 2 during planting 43-68 days. Allium hookeri after shading shoot growth characteristics were as follows. 35% shading and 50% shading was a tendency for the number of leaves increased compared to the non-shading. As a result, flooding was 35% as compared to production per 10a 1,682 ㎏ no light shielding at 50%. Plant analysis leaf mineral contents tended increased nitrogen, phosphate, gallium compared to the non-light cultivation. Mineral contents of the root was nitrogen, potassium is higher in comparison with 75% shading no shading.

The Rooting Percentage of Vitex rotundifolia with Kinds of Cutting and Treat Plant Growth Regulators

Jeong Yeob Kim(김종엽),Yoon Ki Hong(홍윤기),Song Hee Ahn(안송희),Jung Seob Moon(문정섭),Eun Seok Park(박은석),Hee June Kim(김희준) 한국약용작물학회 2016 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.1