Effect of H/Ar treatment on ZnO:B transparent conducting oxide for flexible a-Si:H/μc-Si:H photovoltaic modules under damp heat stress

Jeong, J.S.,Kim, Y.H.,Park, C.K.,Kim, H.D.,Choi, J. Pergamon Press 2016 Microelectronics and reliability Vol.64 No.-

<P>A flexible amorphous/microcrystalline Si:H (a-Si:H/mu c-Si:H) tandem-junction photovoltaic (PV) module was produced in which a thin film of ZnO:B grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) served as the transparent conducting oxide (TCO). The Hall mobility of ZnO:B is degraded by damp heat, simulated here using the conditions of 85 degrees C at 85% relative humidity; this affects the series resistance and efficiency of the PV module. In this study, ZnO:B was treated by H/Ar plasma to reduce the degradation experienced under damp heat. The degradation time of the Hall mobility of ZnO:B, defined as the time necessary for the cell to reach the efficiency loss of -20%, was improved by similar to 54% by H/Ar treatment (ZnO:B center dot H/Ar). The mechanism behind this improvement was investigated by assessing the reactions of the ZnO:B and ZnO:B center dot H/Ar thin films to moisture. Related changes in the physical and chemical properties of ZnO:B and ZnO:B center dot H/Ar were analyzed by Xray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary-ion mass spectroscopy, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The analyses showed that the concentration of OH- was high while those of Zn2+ and B3+ were low in the grain boundaries of the ZnO:B surface after exposure to humidity. After H/Ar treatment, the increase in OH- concentration in ZnO:B was reduced, and the decrease in the Zn2+ and B3+ concentrations was much smaller. The H/Ar plasma treatment of ZnO:B affected the surface reaction forming Zn(OH)(2), between the OH- and Zn2+ ions at the grain boundaries under damp heat. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

Genetic and phylogenetic characterizations of a novel genotype of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 viruses in 2016/2017 in South Korea

Kim, Y.I.,Park, S.J.,Kwon, H.I.,Kim, E.H.,Si, Y.J.,Jeong, J.H.,Lee, I.W.,Nguyen, H.D.,Kwon, J.J.,Choi, W.S.,Song, M.S.,Kim, C.J.,Choi, Y.K. Elsevier Science 2017 INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION Vol.53 No.-

<P>During the outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N6 viruses in 2016 in South Korea, novel H5N8 viruses were also isolated from migratory birds. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the HA gene of these H5N8 viruses belonged to clade 2.3.4.4, similarly to recent H5Nx viruses, and originated from A/Brk/Korea/Gochang1/14(H5N8), a minor lineage of H5N8 that appeared in 2014 and then disappeared. At least four reassortment events occurred with different subtypes (H5N8, H7N7, H3N8 and H10N7) and a chicken challenge study revealed that they were classified as HPAI viruses according to OIE criteria. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Surveillance of avian influenza virus in wild bird fecal samples from South Korea, 2003-2008.

Kang, H M,Jeong, O M,Kim, M C,Kwon, J S,Paek, M R,Choi, J G,Lee, E K,Kim, Y J,Kwon, J H,Lee, Y J [Wildlife Disease Association] 2010 JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES Vol.46 No.3

<P>We analyzed the results from nationwide surveillance of avian influenza (AI) from birds in South Korea's major wild bird habitats and the demilitarized zone of South Korea, 2003-2008. Of 28,214 fecal samples analyzed, 225 yielded influenza viruses, for a prevalence of 0.8%. Hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes H1-H12 and all nine neuraminidase (NA) subtypes were detected. The dominant HA subtypes were H6, H1, and H4, and the most common NA subtypes were N2, N1, and N6. Among the 38 HA/NA subtype combinations, the most common were H4N6, H6N1, and H5N2. Thirty-seven low-pathogenic AI (LPAI) viruses of the H5 and H7 subtype were detected. Among them, we identified bird species for 16 H5- and H7-positive fecal samples using a DNA bar-coding system instituted in 2007; all birds were identified as Anseriformes. The HA gene of the H5 wild bird isolates belonged to the Eurasian avian lineage, and could be clearly distinguished from the sublineage H5N1 highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) of the Eurasian and American avian lineages. Whereas H7 LPAI viruses did not group as a separate sublineage with H7 HPAI viruses, H7 isolates were closely related with the Eurasian avian lineage.</P>

Targeting the entry region of Hsp90's ATP binding pocket with a novel 6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl amide

Jeong, J.H.,Oh, Y.J.,Lho, Y.,Park, S.Y.,Liu, K.H.,Ha, E.,Seo, Y.H. S.E.C.T. [etc.] ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 European journal of medicinal chemistry Vol.124 No.-

The molecular chaperone Hsp90 plays an important role in cancer cell survival and proliferation by regulating the maturation and stabilization of numerous oncogenic proteins. Due to its potential to simultaneously disable multiple signaling pathways, Hsp90 has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this study, the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of Hsp90 inhibitors are described. Among the synthetic compounds, 6,7-dihydrothieno [3,2-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl amide 19 exhibits a remarkable binding affinity to the N-terminus of Hsp90 in a fluorescence polarization (FP) binding assay (IC<SUB>50</SUB> = 50.3 nM). Furthermore, it effectively inhibits the proliferation of H1975 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and Skbr3 breast cancer cell lines with GI<SUB>50</SUB> values of 0.31 μM and 0.11 μM, respectively. Compound 19 induces the degradation of the Hsp90 client proteins including EGFR, Her2, Met, c-Raf, and Akt, and consequently promotes apoptotic cancer cell death. Compound 19 also inhibits the growth of H1975 xenografts in NOD-scid IL2R gamma<SUP>null</SUP> mice without any apparent body-weight loss. The immunohistologic evaluation indicates that compound 19 decreases the expression of Akt in xenograft tumor tissue via an inhibition of the Hsp90 chaperon function. Additionally, the cytochrome P450 assay indicates that compound 19 has no effect on the activities of five major P450 isoforms (IC<SUB>50</SUB> > 50 μM for 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A), suggesting that clinical interactions between compound 19 and the substrate drugs of the five major P450 isoforms are not expected. Overall, compound 19 represents a new class of Hsp90 inhibitor with its 6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl-amide structure, and it has the therapeutic potential to overcome drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy.

Validation of egg yolk antibody based C-ELISA for avian influenza surveillance in breeder duck

Jeong, O.M.,Kim, M.C.,Kang, H.M.,Ha, G.W.,Oh, J.S.,Yoo, J.E.,Park, C.H.,Kwon, J.S.,Pack, M.R.,Kim, H.R.,Kim, Y.J.,Kwon, J.H.,Lee, Y.J. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2010 Veterinary microbiology Vol.144 No.3

Active surveillance for avian influenza virus (AIV) has expanded from chicken to various poultry species including duck. To further effective antibody screening in laying breeder ducks, we validated the egg yolk antibody as alternative source to serum for AIV antibody. Sera and eggs were collected at weekly intervals after two types of AIV vaccination, H5N3 and H9N2. The antibody levels were determined by an agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test, haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA). AGID test did not detect antibodies in egg yolk, and the agreement between AGID test and either HI test or C-ELISA in serum was slight and fair based on kappa statistics (kappa value (κ)@?0.19 in H5N3 group and κ@?0.37 in H9N2 groups). However, there was almost perfect agreement between HI test and C-ELISA (κ>0.9 in all group). The C-ELISA was as sensitive and specific as the HI test, and could be used as a pre-screening test for the detection of type A avian influenza virus antibody. Comparison was made between egg yolk and serum antibody titers by a regression analysis. A high correlation was observed between serum and yolk antibody titers (r=0.8762 for H5N3 and 0.8914 for H9N2 in HI test; r=1 for H5N3 and 0.9686 for H9N2 in ELISA test), although egg yolk antibodies were detected later and remained lower levels than serum antibodies. In field trials involving 54 duck flocks, the positive rate of egg yolk and serum samples showed agreement for the detection of AIV antibody. We concluded that as an alternative to serum, antibody monitoring of laying breeder duck using egg yolk with C-ELISA is feasible and is recommended.

Ex situ catalytic upgrading of lignocellulosic biomass components over vanadium contained H-MCM-41 catalysts

Kim, B.S.,Jeong, C.S.,Kim, J.M.,Park, S.B.,Park, S.H.,Jeon, J.K.,Jung, S.C.,Kim, S.C.,Park, Y.K. Elsevier Science Publishers 2016 CATALYSIS TODAY - Vol.265 No.-

<P>H-V-MCM-41 catalysts containing 5, 10, and 30 wt% of vanadium were synthesized and applied to the ex situ catalytic pyrolysis (CP) of three polymeric components of lignocellulosic biomass for the first time. Characterization of the catalysts was performed using N-2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, FT-IR, and NH3-TPD. The results of XRD analysis showed that 5 wt% and 10 wt% H-V-MCM-41 catalysts maintained the mesoporous structure, whereas the mesoporous structure was destroyed in 30 wt% H-V-MCM-41 with considerable amount of small V2O5 crystalline outside the framework. NH3-TPD showed that H-V-MCM-41 has mostly weak acid sites and that 10 wt% H-V-MCM-41 had the largest quantity of acid sites due to framework vanadium. In the case of CP of cellulose using Py-GC/MS, 10 wt% H-V-MCM-41 showed the highest catalytic activity for the production of valuable furanic compounds such as furfural because of the enhanced deoxygenation over the acid sites formed on framework vanadium. In the case of CP of xylan as well, 10 wt% H-V-MCM-41 led to the largest yield of mono-aromatics. The production of acetic acid was also promoted by H-V-MCM-41 catalysts. The CP of lignin over H-V-MCM-41 catalysts promoted substantially the production of important feedstock chemicals for the petrochemical industry: phenolics and mono-aromatics. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Single-step synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas on Al₂O₃-modified CuO-ZnO-Al₂O₃/ferrierite catalysts: Effects of Al₂O₃ content

Lee, Y.J.,Jung, M.H.,Lee, J.B.,Jeong, K.E.,Roh, H.S.,Suh, Y.W.,Bae, J.W. Elsevier Science Publishers 2014 CATALYSIS TODAY - Vol.228 No.-

Single step synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) from syngas on the bifunctional catalysts of CuO-ZnO-Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> deposited on Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-modified H-ferrierite was investigated to elucidate effects of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> modification of H-ferrierite in terms of CO conversion and DME yield. The enhanced catalytic activity was observed on the bifunctional catalysts at an optimum content of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> on H-ferrierite around 2.5-5wt%. It is attributed to a higher dispersion of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> on H-ferrierite with an enhanced interaction of copper particles with Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> modified H-ferrierite with a lower aggregation property by adjusting acidic sites and by increasing the dispersion of copper particles. The main role of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> on H-ferrierite is found to reduce strong acidic sites by depositing on the sites selectively, which resulted in showing a lower formation of byproducts. Both of copper surface area and amount of acidic sites are well correlated with an intrinsic activity (turn-over frequency; TOF), which revealed a structure-insensitive reaction character of a single-step synthesis of DME. The measurements of the dispersion of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and copper particles with the number of acidic sites concomitantly were employed to verify the effects of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> modification of H-ferrierite though X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature-programmed methods and surface morphology characterizations.

Heme oxygenase-1 mediates nicotine- and lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in human periodontal ligament cells

Pi, S.-H.,Jeong, G.-S.,Oh, H.-W.,Kim, Y.-S.,Pae, H.-O.,Chung, H.-T.,Lee, S.-K.,Kim, E.-C. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Journal of periodontal research Vol.45 No.2

<P><I>Pi S-H, Jeong G-S, Oh H-W, Kim Y-S, Pae H-O, Chung H-T, Lee S-K, Kim E-C. Heme oxygenase-1 mediates nicotine- and lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodont Res 2010; 45: 177–183. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S</I></P><P>Background and Objective: </P><P>Although heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a key role in inflammation, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of action in periodontitis are still unknown. This study aimed to identify the effects of HO-1 on the proinflammatory mediators activated by nicotine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells.</P><P>Material and Methods: </P><P>The production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>) was evaluated using Griess reagent and an enzyme immunoassay, respectively. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and HO-1 proteins was evaluated by Western blot analysis.</P><P>Results: </P><P>Lipopolysaccharide and nicotine synergistically induced the production of NO and PGE<SUB>2</SUB> and increased the protein expression of iNOS, COX-2 and HO-1. Treatment with an HO-1 inhibitor and HO-1 small interfering RNAs blocked the LPS- and nicotine-stimulated NO and PGE<SUB>2</SUB> release as well as the expression of iNOS and COX-2.</P><P>Conclusion: </P><P>Our data suggest that the nicotine- and LPS-induced inflammatory effects on PDL cells may act through a novel mechanism involving the action of HO-1. Thus, HO-1 may provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of periodontal disease associated with smoking and dental plaque.</P>

Fischer-tropsch diesel production and evaluation as alternative automotive fuel in pilot-scale integrated biomass-to-liquid process

Kim, Y.D.,Yang, C.W.,Kim, B.J.,Moon, J.H.,Jeong, J.Y.,Jeong, S.H.,Lee, S.H.,Kim, J.H.,Seo, M.W.,Lee, S.B.,Kim, J.K.,Lee, U.D. Applied Science Publishers 2016 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.180 No.-

<P>Fischer Tropsch (F-T) diesel produced from biomass through gasification is a promising alternative fuel. In this study, a biomass-to-liquid (BTL) system involving a dual fluidized bed gasifier (DFBG), a methanol absorption tower, and an F-T synthesis process was investigated for producing clean biodiesel as an automotive fuel. A DFBG, which is an efficient indirect gasifier, can produce syngas with high caloric value while minimizing the amount of nitrogen in the product gas. In order to meet the strict requirements of syngas for F-T synthesis, any contaminants in the syngas must be minimized and its composition must be carefully controlled. In this work, the syngas mainly comprised 35 vol% of H-2 and 21.3 vol% of CO. The concentrations of H2S and COS in the syngas were less than 1 ppmV owing to the use of chilled methanol cleaning process. Furthermore, long-term operation of a fully integrated BTL system was successfully conducted for over 500 h. The results showed that the BTL diesel can be used as an alternative automotive diesel fuel. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

JCT-VC의 HVC 표준화 동향

정세윤,김휘용,임성창,김종호,이하현,이진호,최해철,조숙희,최진수,Jeong, S.Y.,Kim, H.Y.,Lim, S.C.,Kim, J.H.,Lee, H.H.,Lee, J.H.,Choi, H.C.,Cho, S.H.,Choi, J.S. 한국전자통신연구원 2010 전자통신동향분석 Vol.25 No.2

AVC|H.264 보다 2배 이상의 압축률을 목표로 하는 HVC 표준화가 2010 년1월부터 MPEG과 VCEG이 공동 설립한 JCT-VC에 의해 시작되었다. AVC|H.264가 유선망과 무선망이 통합되고 방송과 통신이 융합되어 언제 어디서나 인터넷과 방송을 즐길 수 있는 방통 융합서비스 시대를 개척하였다면, HVC는 방통융합 서비스를 한 단계 더 진보시킬 수 있는 표준이 될 것으로 예상된다. 본 고에서는 MPEG과 VCEG 이 공동으로 추진하는 JCT-VC HVC 표준화의 동향에 대해서 설명한다.