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Kim, Ji-Yeon,Her, Moon,Kang, Sung-II,Lee, Kichan,Lee, Hyang Keun,Jung, Suk Chan Wildlife Disease Association 2013 Journal of wildlife diseases Vol.49 No.2
<P>To investigate the epidemiologic relatedness of Brucella abortus isolates from Chinese water deer (Hydropotes inermis) and goral (Naemorhedus goral raddeanus) in 2010-2011, 22l isolates from livestock (including domestic elk, Cervus canadensis) were analyzed using the multilocus variable-number tandem repeats analysis. In the clustering analysis, Korean B. abortus isolates were divided into 40 genotypes by 18 markers, and 2 B. abortus isolates from wildlife were clustered with those of domestic cattle. Based on the minimum spanning tree, B. abortus isolates from wildlife were closely related to or had originated from livestock. Control measures are necessary to be able to block the transmission of Brucella between domestic and wild animals, and continuous monitoring of wildlife will be necessary to eradicate brucellosis in South Korea.</P>
Choi, Kang-Seuk,Lee, Eun-Kyoung,Jeon, Woo-Jin,Nah, Jin-Ju,Kim, Young-Jun,Lee, Mu-Yeong,Lee, Hang,Kwon, Jun-Hun [Wildlife Disease Association] 2008 Journal of wildlife diseases Vol.44 No.1
<P>Velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was recovered from two dead Eurasian Scops Owls (Otus scops) from a wildlife rescue center in Korea during 2005. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequence of the partial fusion (F) protein revealed that the isolates had the highest level of homology to recent Korean NDV strains from poultry.</P>
An outbreak of type C botulism in waterbirds: incheon, Korea.
Shin, Na-Ri,Byun, Seong Hwan,Chun, Jeong Hoon,Shin, Jeong Hwa,Kim, Yun Jeong,Kim, Jeong-Hee,Rhie, Gi-Eun,Chung, Hyen Mi,Mo, In-Pil,Yoo, Cheon-Kwon [Wildlife Disease Association] 2010 JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES Vol.46 No.3
<P>Five outbreaks of botulism in waterbirds were encountered over a 5-yr period from 2004 to 2008 in Korea. In October 2008, an outbreak of avian type C botulism affected approximately 2,000 wild waterbirds in the Namdong flood control basin, Incheon, South Korea. Ecologic conditions, clinical signs exhibited by moribund birds, and lack of gross pathology and microbial evidence of infectious disease, suggested botulinum intoxication. Type C botulinum toxin was demonstrated in duck sera, liquid culture of intestinal tissue, and an extract of maggots taken from the carcasses. Additionally, 34 of 40 (85.0%) sediment samples from the same area were positive for botulinum toxin by mouse bioassay using multivalent (types A-F) antiserum, indicating that toxigenic Clostridium botulinum was present in the environment. This is the most severe case of avian botulism documented in Korea.</P>
Molecular detection of Theileria sp. in wild Chinese water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus).
Han, Jae-Ik,Jang, Hye-Jin,Na, Ki-Jeong [Wildlife Disease Association] 2009 JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES Vol.45 No.4
<P>Two cases of Theileria sp. infection in wild Chinese water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) were diagnosed by microscopic examination of thin blood smears and by molecular typing. Two wild Chinese water deer were referred to the Veterinary Medical Center of Chungbuk National University in South Korea, presumably the result of traffic accidents. Thin blood smears, which were stained with Giemsa, revealed intraerythrocytic parasites; however, the deer had no remarkable findings on physical examination. Polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing indicated that the parasite was nearly identical to the unidentified Theileria sp. previously found in China. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Theileria sp. identified in these cases are closest to the group of unidentified Theileria spp. previously found in China and Japan.</P>
Jeong, Wooseog,Yoon, Hachung,Kim, Yong Kwan,Moon, Oun-kyong,Kim, Do-Soon,An, Dong-Jun Wildlife Disease Association 2014 JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES Vol.50 No.4
<P>Abstract Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite and a commonly encountered pathogen in humans and animals. The wild boar (Sus scrofa coreanus) is considered a good indicator when monitoring environmental contamination by T. gondii. We surveyed the prevalence of antibodies against T. gondii in wild boars from South Korea. Blood samples were collected from 426 wild boars captured in eight provinces of South Korea during the hunting seasons in 2008-12. Antibodies against T. gondii were detected using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in samples from 152 of boars, indicating an overall antibody prevalence of 36% (95% confidence interval=31-40%).</P>
DNA barcoding techniques for avian influenza virus surveillance in migratory bird habitats.
Lee, Dong-Hun,Lee, Hyun-Jeong,Lee, Youn-Jeong,Kang, Hyun-Mi,Jeong, Ok-Mi,Kim, Min-Chul,Kwon, Ji-Sun,Kwon, Jun-Hun,Kim, Chang-Bae,Lee, Joong-Bok,Park, Seung-Yong,Choi, In-Soo,Song, Chang-Seon [Wildlife Disease Association] 2010 JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES Vol.46 No.2
<P>Avian influenza virus (AIV) circulates among free-ranging, wild birds. We optimized and validated a DNA barcoding technique for AIV isolation and host-species identification using fecal samples from wild birds. DNA barcoding was optimized using tissue and fecal samples from known bird species, and the method was shown to distinguish 26 bird species. Subsequently, fecal samples (n=743) collected from wild waterfowl habitats confirmed the findings from the laboratory tests. All identified AIV-positive hosts (n=35) were members of the order Anseriformes. We successfully applied the DNA barcoding technique to AIV surveillance and examined AIV epidemiology and host ecology in these wild waterfowl populations. This methodology may be useful in the design of AIV surveillance strategies.</P>
Outbreak of botulism (Clostridium botulinum type C) in wild waterfowl: Seoul, Korea.
Woo, Gye-Hyeong,Kim, Ha-Young,Bae, You-Chan,Jean, Young Hwa,Yoon, Soon-Seek,Bak, Eun-Jung,Hwang, Eui Kyung,Joo, Yi-Seok [Wildlife Disease Association] 2010 JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES Vol.46 No.3
<P>Over a 6-day period beginning on 15 October 2008, 93 dead or sick wild waterfowl, including Mallards, Spotbills, and teal species, were found along the shore of a branch stream of the Hangang River, which flows through Seoul, Korea, and were submitted to the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS) for diagnosis. Clinically, the affected birds showed flaccid paralysis of the legs and wings and paralysis of the neck. Grossly, no bird showed any lesions, but all had almost empty stomachs. Histopathologic findings included mild lymphocytic hepatitis and mild lymphocytic interstitial nephritis. Clostridium botulinum type C toxin was identified in sera collected from the birds using a mouse bioassay for botulinum toxins; however, no bacteria were isolated from any of the affected birds. In addition, a low-pathogenic avian influenza virus was isolated from two Spotbills, and pesticides such as diazinon and phorate, were detected in seven Mallards. The cause of this outbreak is not clear, but an increase in organic materials from sewage due to drought, increased temperatures, and an increased number of aquatic carcasses resulting from pesticide contamination may have increased the replication of C. botulinum, contributing to the release of botulinum toxins into the waterfowl food chain.</P>
Cha, Se-Yeoun,Seo, Hye-Suk,Kang, Min,Jang, Hyung-Kwan Wildlife Disease Association 2013 Journal of wildlife diseases Vol.49 No.1
<P>Sera from 102 wild raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) were screened for antibodies to canine parvovirus (CPV) and influenza A virus (IAV) in South Korea. Sixteen samples were antibody positive for CPV and all samples were negative for IAV antibodies.</P>
Han, Jae-Ik,Lee, Sook-Jin,Jang, Hye-Jin,Na, Ki-Jeong [Wildlife Disease Association] 2010 JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES Vol.46 No.2
<P>We describe asymptomatic piroplasmosis caused by a Babesia microti-like parasite in wild raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) diagnosed by blood smear and DNA analysis. This is the first description of natural B. microti-like parasite infection in raccoon dogs and suggests that the wild raccoon dog can be a source for B. microti-like parasite infection of domestic dogs and humans.</P>
Surveillance of avian influenza virus in wild bird fecal samples from South Korea, 2003-2008.
Kang, H M,Jeong, O M,Kim, M C,Kwon, J S,Paek, M R,Choi, J G,Lee, E K,Kim, Y J,Kwon, J H,Lee, Y J [Wildlife Disease Association] 2010 JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES Vol.46 No.3
<P>We analyzed the results from nationwide surveillance of avian influenza (AI) from birds in South Korea's major wild bird habitats and the demilitarized zone of South Korea, 2003-2008. Of 28,214 fecal samples analyzed, 225 yielded influenza viruses, for a prevalence of 0.8%. Hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes H1-H12 and all nine neuraminidase (NA) subtypes were detected. The dominant HA subtypes were H6, H1, and H4, and the most common NA subtypes were N2, N1, and N6. Among the 38 HA/NA subtype combinations, the most common were H4N6, H6N1, and H5N2. Thirty-seven low-pathogenic AI (LPAI) viruses of the H5 and H7 subtype were detected. Among them, we identified bird species for 16 H5- and H7-positive fecal samples using a DNA bar-coding system instituted in 2007; all birds were identified as Anseriformes. The HA gene of the H5 wild bird isolates belonged to the Eurasian avian lineage, and could be clearly distinguished from the sublineage H5N1 highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) of the Eurasian and American avian lineages. Whereas H7 LPAI viruses did not group as a separate sublineage with H7 HPAI viruses, H7 isolates were closely related with the Eurasian avian lineage.</P>