Urinary phthalate metabolites over the first 15months of life and risk assessment – CHECK cohort study

Kim, Sunmi,Lee, Jangwoo,Park, Jeongim,Kim, Hai-Joong,Cho, Geum Joon,Kim, Gun-Ha,Eun, So-Hee,Lee, Jeong Jae,Choi, Gyuyeon,Suh, Eunsook,Choi, Sooran,Kim, Sungjoo,Kim, Sung Koo,Kim, Young Don,Kim, Su You Elsevier 2017 The Science of the total environment Vol.607 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Phthalates are important group of endocrine disruptors. Infants and young children are susceptible to phthalate exposure. However, information on the phthalate exposure during the early stages of life is very limited. This study was conducted to understand the temporal trend of exposure to major phthalates among infants of Korea during the first 15months after birth, and to estimate associated risks. A total of 286 urine samples were collected from 171 children at 3, 9, 12, or 15months of age, with 77 children sampled for two or more times. Four phthalates, i.e., di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP) were chosen, and their major metabolites were analyzed in the urine. The DEHP metabolites were detected in 100% of the urine samples at relatively higher levels compared to those reported in other countries. The levels of mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) were generally lower. Urinary concentrations of most phthalate metabolites, especially DEHP metabolites, increased as children grew older. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) calculated for DEHP metabolites over time were high (0.7–0.8), suggesting persistence of consistent exposure sources during this sensitive period of life. Hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were calculated from daily intake estimates divided by recommended toxicity thresholds. Among the study population, 4, 16, and 26% of the children showed HI >1 at 9, 12, and 15months of age, respectively. DEHP exposure explained most of the risk estimates. Considering vulnerability of young children to endocrine disruption, efforts to identify sources of exposure and to develop appropriate mitigation options are warranted.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Multiple urines were collected at 3, 9, 12, or 15months of age from 171 children. </LI> <LI> High intra-individual correlation and age-dependent increase were observed. </LI> <LI> Up to 26% of children showed hazard index >1 by exposure to target phthalates. </LI> <LI> Estimated risks are mostly due to the exposure to DEHP and DnBP. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Association of diethylhexyl phthalate with obesity-related markers and body mass change from birth to 3 months of age

Kim, Jin Hee,Park, Hyunkyung,Lee, Jangwoo,Cho, Geumjoon,Choi, Sooran,Choi, Gyuyeon,Kim, Su Young,Eun, So-Hee,Suh, Eunsook,Kim, Sung Koo,Kim, Hai-Joong,Kim, Gun-Ha,Lee, Jeong Jae,Kim, Young Don,Eom, So BMJ Publishing Group 2016 Journal of epidemiology & community health Vol.70 No.5

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Several studies have suggested potential links of phthalates to obesity in children and adults. Limited evidence, however, has been available for the relations between diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and obesity-related markers or body mass change in early life.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>128 healthy pregnant women were recruited and, after delivery, their newborns’ first urine and umbilical cord blood samples were collected. We measured urinary levels of two DEHP metabolites, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP). We also measured the levels of leptin, total cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) in cord serum, and used them along with weight, length, head circumference and ponderal index (PI, 100 g/cm<SUP>3</SUP>) at birth, as obesity-related markers, and estimated the relations between DEHP metabolites and obesity-related markers using generalised linear models. For the evaluation of body mass increase by early life DEHP exposure, body mass index (BMI) z-score change during 3 months after birth by DEHP metabolites in the first urine samples of the newborns were evaluated using logistic regression.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>DEHP exposure was associated with decrease of PI and increase of TG (PI, β=−0.11, p=0.070 and TG, β=0.14, p=0.027), especially for boys (PI, β=−0.13, p=0.021; and TG, β=0.19, p=0.025). Moreover, DEHP exposure was positively associated with body mass increase during 3 months after birth (change of BMI z-scores, OR=4.35, p=0.025).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our findings suggest that DEHP exposure may affect body mass change in early life through changes of obesity-related markers.</P>

Bisphenol A distribution in serum, urine, placenta, breast milk, and umbilical cord serum in a birth panel of mother–neonate pairs

Lee, Jangwoo,Choi, Kyungho,Park, Jeongim,Moon, Hyo-Bang,Choi, Gyuyeon,Lee, Jeong Jae,Suh, Eunsook,Kim, Hai-Joong,Eun, So-Hee,Kim, Gun-Ha,Cho, Geum Joon,Kim, Sung Koo,Kim, Sungjoo,Kim, Su Young,Kim, Se Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.626 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure during the perinatal and postnatal periods increases the susceptibility to disease over the life cycle. However, information on the BPA delivered to fetuses or infants via the placenta and breastfeeding is limited. We determined the BPA exposure levels in various bodily fluids and tissues of pregnant women and described fetus and infant exposures to BPA based on associations and BPA ratios in mother–neonate paired samples. Maternal serum, urine, placenta, breast milk, cord serum, and neonatal urine samples were collected from 318 mother–neonate pairs at six university hospitals in Korea. BPA levels were detected using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The ratios of the BPA levels in the other sample types to the levels in maternal serum were calculated. BPA was detected in 79.5–100% of the maternal and fetal samples. The median BPA concentration in the samples decreased in the order of neonatal urine (4.75ng/mL), maternal urine (2.86ng/mL), cord serum (1.71ng/mL), maternal serum (1.56ng/mL), breast milk (0.74ng/mL), and the placenta (0.53ng/g). We estimated the ratios of BPA levels in the other sample types to those in maternal serum. The median (95th percentile) cord serum-to-maternal serum ratio was 1.12 (15.2) for 160 mother–fetal pairs, in which BPA was detected in both samples. The placenta-, maternal urine-, neonatal urine-, and breast milk-to-maternal serum ratios were 0.28 (5.31), 1.79 (29.9), 1.98 (28.2), and 0.51 (10.5), respectively. In addition, the median (95th percentile) cord serum-to-placenta ratio was 4.03 (45.8), and the neonatal urine-to-cord serum ratio was 1.95 (25.6). The 95th percentile values were 14–20-fold greater than the medians. Urine contained the highest BPA concentrations, followed by serum, breast milk, and the placenta. The variations of BPA ratio show individual differences in the amounts of BPA delivered from mother to fetus.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Not enough data on tissue distribution of BPA in mother‑neonate (or fetus) pair </LI> <LI> The order of BPA concentrations in examined tissue or bio-samples are urine in mother and neonates>cord serum>maternal serum>breast milk>placenta. </LI> <LI> BPA in cord serum, significantly associated with in maternal serum and urine but not in others. </LI> <LI> The variations of BPA ratio show individual differences in the amounts of BPA delivered from mother to fetus. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

SSD Performance Modeling Using Bottleneck Analysis

Kim, Jihun,Kim, Joonsung,Park, Pyeongsu,Kim, Jong,Kim, Jangwoo IEEE 2018 IEEE computer architecture letters Vol.17 No.1

<P>Solid-State Drives (SSDs) are widely deployed for high throughput and low latency. However, the unpredictable access latency of SSDs makes it difficult to satisfy quality-of-service requirements and fully achieve the performance potential. In fact, it has been a fundamental challenge to accurately predict the access latency of modern SSDs performing many non-disclosed, device-specific intra-SSD optimizations. In this paper, we propose SSDcheck, a novel SSD performance model which accurately predicts the latency of future SSD accesses. After first identifying write buffer (WB) and garbage collection (GC) as the key components in modeling the access latency, we develop diagnosis snippets to identify the target SSDs critical intra-SSD parameters (e.g., WB size). Finally, we construct the SSDs access-latency model with the identified parameters. Our system-level evaluations using five commodity SSDs show that SSDcheck achieves up to 93 percent prediction accuracy. Our real-world prototype applying an SSDcheck-aware system-level request scheduling can significantly improve both throughput and tail latency by up to 2.1x and 1.46x, respectively.</P>

Long Head of the Biceps Tendon Tenotomy versus Subpectoral Tenodesis in Rotator Cuff Repair

Jangwoo Kim,Ji Hoon Nam,Yuna Kim,Jong Seop Kim,Sae Hoon Kim 대한정형외과학회 2020 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.12 No.3

Background: Lesions of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) are one of the most common pathologies in patients with a rotator cuff tear. Although various procedures have been shown to be effective for treating LHBT lesions during rotator cuff repair, no consensus has been reached regarding the most effective treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of tenotomy vs subpectoral tenodesis of the LHBT in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Methods: The records of 135 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with biceps tenotomy or subpectoral tenodesis for a partial LHBT tear of > 50% were initially reviewed. Finally, 77 patients (38 patients with tenotomy and 39 patients with subpectoral tenodesis) with an intact rotator cuff, who underwent a functional evaluation at 1 year postoperatively, were enrolled in this retrospective study. Results: The average follow-up was 13.3 ± 4.36 months (13.2 ± 1.4 months in the tenotomy group and 13.6 ± 2.7 months in the subpectoral tenodesis group; p = 0.416). Demographic and surgical data were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Preoperatively, biceps groove tenderness, Speed’s test, and Yergason test results were positive in 27.3%, 27.3%, and 10.4% of the study subjects, respectively. Compared with preoperative values, all functional scores including shoulder muscle power were significantly improved postoperatively, and no significant intergroup difference was observed (all p > 0.05). A visible Popeye deformity was not encountered in either group at the final follow-up. Eight patients in the tenotomy group and 7 patients in the subpectoral tenodesis group complained of mild anterior shoulder pain (p = 0.731), and 4 patients in each group complained of groove tenderness (p = 0.969). No surgical or postoperative complication occurred in either group. Conclusions: Both biceps tenotomy and subpectoral tenodesis performed during rotator cuff repair improved pain and function and resulted in comparable clinical outcomes. Residual symptoms associated with the remnant LHBT in the groove may not be a problem after adhesion of LHBT.

Association of phthalate exposures with urinary free cortisol and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in early childhood

Kim, Jin Hee,Lee, Jangwoo,Moon, Hyo-Bang,Park, Jeongim,Choi, Kyungho,Kim, Sung Koo,Kim, Sungkyoon Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.627 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Several studies suggested potential links of phthalates to stress-related outcomes. However, limited evidence has been available for the relationships between phthalate metabolites and free cortisol and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in perinatal and postnatal environments. Therefore, we evaluated the relationships between phthalate metabolites and free cortisol and 8-OHdG in mother–child pairs. We repeatedly collected urine samples of 287 mother–child pairs from just before delivery to 15 months of age to measure the levels of four phthalate metabolites – mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), and mono-<I>n</I>-butyl phthalate (MnBP) – and free cortisol and 8-OHdG. We used linear mixed effect models and generalized additive mixed models to estimate the relationship between the phthalate metabolites and free cortisol and 8-OHdG after adjusting for the child's gender, urine collection time, and maternal smoking status. The four phthalate metabolite levels were strongly correlated each other (all, <I>p</I> < .0001), and intra-class correlation for each metabolite in children ranged from 0.18 to 0.96. All four phthalate metabolites were positively associated with both free cortisol (MEHHP, β = 0.18 and <I>p</I> < .0001; MEOHP, β = 0.17 and <I>p</I> < .0001; MiBP, β = 0.13 and <I>p</I> = .0001; MnBP, β = 0.21 and <I>p</I> < .0001; and molar sum of metabolites, β = 0.21 and <I>p</I> < .0001) and 8-OHdG (MEHHP, β = 0.20 and <I>p</I> < .0001; MEOHP, β = 0.18 and <I>p</I> < .0001; MiBP, β = 0.23 and <I>p</I> < .0001; MnBP, β = 0.28 and <I>p</I> < .0001; and molar sum of metabolites, β = 0.29 and <I>p</I> < .0001) in childhood. Our findings suggest that phthalate exposures increase free cortisol and 8-OHdG levels in early childhood.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Potential links of phthalates with stress-related outcomes were suggested. </LI> <LI> We repeatedly collected urine samples of 287 mother–child pairs. </LI> <LI> We measured urinary phthalate metabolite, free cortisol, and 8-OHdG levels. </LI> <LI> We evaluated relations among phthalate metabolites, free cortisol, and 8-OHdG. </LI> <LI> Phthalate exposures were positively associated with free cortisol and 8-OHdG. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

The Effect of Switch Triggering Offset and Switch on-time Duration on Harvested Power in Synchronized Switch Harvesting on Inductor

Jangwoo Park,Honggeun Kim,Changsun Shin,Kyungryong Cho,Yongyun Cho,Kisuk Kim 보안공학연구지원센터 2013 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.7 No.3

Surgical Options for Failed Rotator Cuff Repair, except Arthroplasty: Review of Current Methods

Jangwoo Kim,Yunki Ryu,Sae Hoon Kim 대한견주관절의학회 2020 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Although the prevalence of rotator cuff tears is dependent on the size, 11% to 94% of patients experience retear or healing failure after rotator cuff repair. Treatment of patients with failed rotator cuff repair ranges widely, from conservative treatment to arthroplasty. This review article attempts to summarize the most recent and relevant surgical options for failed rotator cuff repair patients, and the outcomes of each treatment, except arthroplasty.

Two-step continuous upgrading of sawdust pyrolysis oil to deoxygenated hydrocarbons using hydrotreating and hydrodeoxygenating catalysts

Kim, Gayoung,Seo, Jangwoo,Choi, Jae-Wook,Jae, Jungho,Ha, Jeong-Myeong,Suh, Dong Jin,Lee, Kwan-Young,Jeon, Jong-Ki,Kim, Jae-Kon Elsevier 2018 CATALYSIS TODAY - Vol.303 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The two-step hydrodeoxygenation of pine sawdust pyrolysis oil, or bio-oil, is performed using pairs of first-step hydrotreating and second-step hydrodeoxygenating catalysts. The reaction results demonstrate that the combination of hydrotreating carbon-supported 5wt% Pd (5wt% Pd/C) and hydrodeoxygenating tungstate-zirconia-supported 3wt% Ru (3wt% Ru/WZr) catalysts produced the highest yield of oil products and the lowest yield of cokes and tars. The hydrodeoxygenated liquid products are further analyzed using FT-IR, which indicates the removal of carbonyls and hydroxyls along with an increase of methyls. The roles of hydrotreating Pd/C are further studied using GC/MS results of the hydrotreated liquid products; these results indicate that the hydrogenation of carbonyls to alcohols and the saturation of furans occur during the first step of the hydrotreating process. The removal of carbonyls and unsaturated furans can suppress their strong adsorption to noble metal surfaces and then their carbonization to cokes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Two-step upgrading using Pd/C then Ru/W-ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> was performed. </LI> <LI> Hydrotreating catalysts hydrogenate aldehyde and saturate furans. </LI> <LI> The removal of aldehydes and furans suppresses the coking on the Ru catalsysts. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Magnetic-Patchy Janus Colloid Surfactants for Reversible Recovery of Pickering Emulsions

Kim, Hyeri,Cho, Jangwoo,Cho, Jaehong,Park, Bum Jun,Kim, Jin Woong American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.1

<P>We present a straightforward and robust method for the synthesis of Janus colloid surfactants with distinct amphiphilicity and magnetic responsiveness. To this end, hydroxyl-functionalized amphiphilic Janus microparticles (JMPs) are synthesized by seeded monomer swelling and subsequent photopolymerization. By incorporating controlled amounts of hydroxyl groups on poly(styrene-<I>co</I>-vinyl alcohol) seed particles, we adjust the interfacial tension between the seed polymer and the poly(tetradecyl acrylate) secondary polymer (γ<SUB>13</SUB>). From theoretical and experimental observations, we verify that when γ<SUB>13</SUB> is tuned to ∼8.5 mN/m in a medium with controlled solvency, which corresponds to a 0.6 volume fraction of ethanol in water, the particles bicompartmentalize to form oval or ellipsoidal JMPs with controllable bulb dimensions. We also show that bulb site-specific patching of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) can be achieved using the electrostatic interaction between the polyethylenimine-coated bulb surface and the polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> NPs. Finally, we demonstrate that our magnetic-patchy JMPs can assemble at the oil-water interface, enabling magnetic-responsive reversible recovery of Pickering emulsions.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>