<궉씨 씨족설화>의 형성과 신화성

張長植 경희대학교 민속학연구소 1999 한국의 민속과 문화 Vol.2 No.-

A tale of a family name's origin is a myth that describes how an originator of a specific clan was born and why he obtained the specific family name. In general, the members of a clan would deify their ancestor. then have their identity and self-esteem for their family name. The tales of Kwok clan's origin disclosed hereinafter contain such meanings described above, though the Kwok clan is a rare and ordinary one. However, various tales of Kwok clan's origin have been handed down by oral traditions, containing various contents from the sacredness to the vulgarness, differed from the tales of other clans' origin. In myth, the birth of a man of noble is described in a manner that they don't know their paternal line and maternal line. It means a pregnancy without a male. Here, whereas paternity is vague, maternity is realized to be a woman. Meanwhile, the son can be deemed who doesn't have or doesn't know his father, which is a mythological symbol for telling that the son is not a descendant of a human being but an extraordinary and noble human being descended from the Heaven. At present, there is collected eleven tales for the origin of Kwok clan, handed down by oral traditions : excepting a tale that the maternity or maternal line is described as a gray parrot, they can be classified into four parties : that is, a woman becomes pregnant by drinking water 〔1st party〕: by sharing the same bed with a bird 〔2nd party〕: by accepting bird droppings 〔3rd party〕: and by a man's rape 〔4th party〕. Among these parties, the reasons why the tales of the 4th party deviate from generalities of the tales of clan's origin are presumed as follows: first, it may be concerned with the meaning of a Chinese character ‘Kwok(궉)’ which is constructed with ‘cheon(天,sky)’ and ‘cho(鳥.bird)’. In the tales, these meanings of the characters are emphasized to tell about the bird's cry : second, according to Lee sookwang said “There is a Kwok at Soonchang, but no one knows the origin of the clan.” Some says that the original Kwok is a family name of uncivilized aborigines who lived north of the Tumen river, the original family name that had a similar pronunciation with Kwok was originated in transcribing into the Chinese character: are third, it may be concerned with the times when those tales were made, that is, we can presume that the tales were made after Lee sookwang and Lee deokmoo or handed down only in the family of Kwok at the time. since there was no record of the origin of Kwok at that time when Lee sookwang and Lee deokmoo lived. which needs further study. Meanwhile, the very distinct point is that the tales of Kwok family name's origin have a frame composed of several mythological factors, that is, the mythological factors ‘woman - water - (moon) - bird’ are for securing the sacredness of the Kwok clan: the woman conceiving a child of Kwok is a heroine representing a universal model of productivity: the water means a fundamental water for ensuring a pregnancy without a male: and the bird described in all versions reflects sky-bird thought, a bird-worship conception, thus elucidating that the Kwok clan was descended from Heaven by receiving mythological events and symbols for the origin of life and the duties of the sky-bird, which is widespread in most Siberian people's mythologies. The first shaman myth of Buriyat. Soho myth(少昊神話) and Seol myth(契神話) of China and Aisin-gioro Bukuri-jongsun myth of Manchu prove that the tales of Kwok clan's origin maintain the eternal mythological and cultural traditions. We can watch significant relativities to the extent that the paternal line is expressed by a sky-bird and a great and noble child is born by coupling the sky-bird with a woman. Among them, Aisin-gioro nativity myth is very suggestive in view of the relativities of their national culture, history and geography, that is, according to this myth, the tales of Kwok clan's origin were founded on the god-bird thought penetrated over Pan-Siberian cultural territory, through which the Kwok clan can have authority that they were descended from Heaven. Here, assuming that the tales of Kwok clan's origin were formed around the 16th to 17th century at the latest, it's explicit that the mythological symbol for the sky-bird has a significant cultural tradition. Besides, the important fact is that they have kept the sacred mythological prototype in their mind, whether Buriyat and ethnic group whose originator is soho and seol, Manchu and the Kwok clan borrowed the mythological conception for the sky-bird from adjacent tribes in other cultural territories, or their specific conception was transformed through some heterogeneities with the lapse of time. Accordingly, a comparative study for these tales in detail is needed from the viewpoint of either propagation or pluralistic generation of culture.

≪東國歲時記≫의 기술 태도와 특징 : ≪京都雜志≫·≪洌陽歲時記≫와의 비교를 통하여

張長植 경희대학교 민속학연구소 1999 한국의 민속과 문화 Vol.2 No.-

This article is on the study of the book 《Donggook-seshigi(東國歲時記)》 written by Hong Seok-mo in 1849. So far there has been a view that this book is merely an imitation of 《Hyungch'o-seshigi(荊楚歲時記)》 of China, which should be rectified. The followings are the results of the study. 1. 《Donggook-seshigi》 is influenced by 《Hyungch'o-seshigi》, but at the same time it has a self-conceit about its own culture. Its meaningful tittle(The annals about our own folk customs) suggests a very strong praise for our culture. And containing a wide variety of classes and areas, it shows what is the folk customs of a country like. This is the characteristic of 《Donggook-seshigi》, which differs from《Kyongdo-japji(京都雜志》 or 《Yulyang-seshigi(洌陽歲時記)》. 2. 《Donggook-seshigi》 shows a scholarly attitude well through self-confidence, its decisive conclusion, inductive conclusion, experiential conclusion, and suspicious conclusion, critical corrective conclusion. But these conclusions and convictions sometimes make fallacies, which are led to the view of the ‘Chinese Origin’. Therefore I'd like to point out that this is caused not by the scholarly attitude but by the scholarly fallacy. 3. 《Donggook-seshigi》 shows an excellent capacity in its comparing and quoting extensive materials, and also reveals scientific description by its objectiveness and accuracy.

포천 반월산성 출토 슬래그로부터 추정되는 한국 고대의 제련기술

朴長植 弘益大學校 産業技術硏究所 2004 産業技術 Vol.14 No.-

Three pieces of strongly magnetic slag have been excavated from the ancient military fortress, Banwolsanseong, located in the City of Pocheon. Their metallurgical microstructure has been found to consist primarily of wustite (FeO) in the form of dendrite. This kind of slag, high in Fe content, is typically generated in the low temperature reduction process that is for the smelting of bloomery iron. By reviewing the experimental results in terms of the context of excavation, this paper is to propose that the slag artifacts may serve as the evidence of the production of bloomery iron in ancient Korea.

미얀마 까렌족의 분리주의 운동

박장식 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 1995 東南亞硏究 Vol.- No.4

CFT구조용 초고강도 충전 콘크리트의 현장 적용을 위한 실험적 연구

이장환,남정민,정근호,김진호,정상진,최문식 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1(구조계)

Due to social problems such as the increasing of land price and the expanding of city, buildings require more complex and bigger components and structure. However, the complex and massive building projects need new technology to solve effect of local buckling and the needs for more space. Hence, Concrete Filled Tube Steel (CFT), the tube steel to hold concrete during pouring and curing of concrete procedure, which helps to reduce local buckling and space, was developed. Most researches on CFT might not be focused on the characteristic of concrete filled in tube but structural analysis. However, it is the essential factor to increase the strength of concrete on CFT for having efficient results. Therefore, this paper will describe how to apply CFT into the construction site through examining High Strength Concrete (800kg/cm2), the strength of core, and bleeding during pouring strategy.

발단 단계별로 분할한 생쥐 수정란에 Rat H-Y 항체 처리가 분할란의 발달에 미치는 영향

정장용,박희성,문승식,박성진 진주산업대학교 1993 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

This experiment was carried out to develop a new technique of identifying XX or XY-bearing bisected embryos prior to implantation by immunological method. H-Y antiserum prepared in inbred Wistar female rats by repeated immunization with spleen cells from males of the same strain. The reactivity of H-Y antibody was confirmed by culturing mouse embryos in the medium containing H-Y antiserum and complement obtained from the guinea pig. The optimal condition for the activity of H-Y antibody was also investigated by culturing embryos under the concentration or affected H-Y antibody and culture rate. The bisection rate of mouse embryo at 4-cell stage(64.6%) was significantly(P<0.05) low than 8-cell(76.0%), morula(81.2%) or blastocyst(81.3%). And not significantly(P<0.05) different from 4 to 8-cell and morula to blastocyst stage embryos. When the bisected embryos without any damage from microsurgery were cultured in vitro up to twin blastocyst or twin reformated blastocyst, the in vitro development of demi-embryos bisected at morula to blastocyst was 81.6 to 84.7%. However, the in vitro development of demi-embryos bisected at 4-cell(31.6%) to 8-cell(37.8%) stage was significantly(P<0.05) lower. The lysis-rate of bisected 4- to 8-cell and morula to blastocyst embryo was 42.7 and 58.6%. The morphology embryos of zona-free and intact embryos showed the embryos lysis rate of 48.5 and 42.7% respectively(P<0.05).

고대 한국의 청동기 기술체계

박장식 한국열처리공학회 2004 熱處理工學會誌 Vol.17 No.3

축구포지션별 무산소 운동능력 분석

손장식,정정욱,김종호,임정수,김훈 대구대학교 기초과학연구소 2003 基礎科學硏究 Vol.19 No.3

In this study, the Wingate power test was performed to investigate of the anaerobic power output in soccer players who play in different position. The main purpose of the test was to provide the enhancement of anaerobic capacity which was conducted by comparing and analysing of the Wingate test. This will improve the performance during the soccer games. Seventeen soccer players with three different positions, FW, MF, DF, were recruited, and undertook the Wingate power test, and anaerobic power, peak power output, anaerobic capacity, and fatigue index was analysed. There was a significant effect of a peak power output among positions showing MF>DF>FW (P<.05). MF revealed the highest peak power output at 15 and 30 seconds time points compared to DF and FW. As far as the players' positions were concerned, a relative anaerobic capacity showed a similar results with a peak power output (P<.05; MF>DF>FW). Unlike with these results, the fatigue index in different positions did not show any statistical significant results (P>.05). Based on these results, it was suggested that the systematical training program is required to perform a modern soccer, pressure and total soccer, in MF players. If the physical strength, especially power out, in MF players is enhanced, the results of the soccer games will be also improved.

광전자 집적회로(OEIC)용 Bi 도핑된 광학박막의 비가역 특성연구

박현식,박장환 안성산업대학교 1997 論文集 Vol.29 No.1

This study was carried out to estimate non-reciprocity of Bi doped Optical Film for Opto Electronic Integrated Circuit. Bi doped optical film was made by epitaxy process under suitable supercooling condition. Rotation of polarization plane was mesured at wavelength 1550 nm with varing magnetic field strength. Rotation of polarization plane was measured to be - 30 degree at wavelength 1550nm. It is found that Bi doped optical film has large rotation of polarization plane for input laser beam. As magnetic field increased, rotation of polarization plane were increased till saturation. Thus Bi doped Optical film have been shown the possibility for non-reciprocity device for Opto Electronic Integrated Circuit.

Dynamics of Planar Interface in the Directional Solidification of Pivalic Acid

朴長植 홍익대학교 산업기술연구소 1995 産業技術 Vol.5 No.-

응고시 고-액체면의 형태는 미세조직의 결정에 중요한 역할을 한다. 근래에 응고특성이 금속재료와 유사한 유기물질들이 발견되어 응고현상 연구에 응용됨으로써 응고조건에 따른 계면형상의 변화를 직접 관찰할 수 있게 되었다 본 연구에서는 피발릭산을 대상으로하는 일방향 응고실험을 수행하여 응고초기의 평면형 계면이 정상상태(steady-state)로 진행하는 과정을 관찰하였다 초기 천이기간(initial transient)동안 평면형 계면의 실제 응고속도는 정지상태에서 시작하여 외부에서 걸어준 일정한 속도 이상으로 가속되었으며 응고가 진행됨에 따라 주어진 속도를 중심으로 감속 및 가속을 반복하는 것으로 관찰되었다 이는 최근 행하여진 이론적 연구결과를 부분적으로 확인하는 것이며 이론연구가 실제의 응고상황을 보다 정확히 예측하기 위하여는 천이기간동안 일어나는 용질의 확산효과와 더불이 열전달 효과를 함께 고려해야될 것으로 사료된다.