FC 1-4 : A survey of attitudes, knowledge, and behavior regarding sun exposure and sunscreen use

( Sih Yeok Jang ),( Hyeong Ho Ryu ),( Eun Jung Hwang ),( Hyun Sun Park ),( So Yun Cho ),( Hyun Sun Yoon ) 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.65 No.2

Background: Although sunscreen is used as a primary strategy to prevent sunburn, photoaging and skin cancer, only a few people regularly use sunscreen. Objectives: To investigate the awareness of effects of sunlight, the extent of sun exposure, and the behaviors about sunscreen uses in Korean. Methods: A questionnaire was administered 255 adult patients visited Dermatology Department at Seoul National University Boramae Hospital. It included questions about the awareness of benefit or harm of sunlight, perceived and actual extent of sun exposure, the use of sun-protective methods including sunscreen. Results: Sun exposure was chosen as the major cause of dyschromia (61.2%), skin cancer (62.8%) and wrinkle (28.6%). Respondents were likely to underestimate the extent of sun exposure. On average, quite a few respondents stated that they were exposed to sunlight more than one hour per day (23.1% on weekdays, 53.4% on weekends). But, only 8.7% thought that their sun exposures were problematic and 62.2% of respondents considered moderate sunlight exposure good for health. People`s sun protective behaviors were inadequate: only 30.8% used sunscreen regularly; 18.4% have never used sunscreen. SPF was the most important factor choosing sunscreen and 86.0% used sunscreen labeled SPF over 30. In contrast, only 40.3% used PA+++ sunscreen. Conclusion: Despite a fairly good knowledge about harmful effects of sunlight, people underestimated the risks of their sun exposure and behaviors were suboptimal.

Medx Exercise가 요통 환자의 요추부 근력 강화에 미치는 영향

장예선,황룡,임순길 제주관광대학 1999 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

The purpose of this study is to identify effectiveness of MedX Exercise Machine being developed for reinforcing lumbar muscular strength of patients with lumbago through conducting 8 weeks of exercise by applying above-mentioned machine. Subjects of this study were a total of 30 people composed of a group of lumbago patients (15 persons) who had no operation and a group of lumbago patients (15 persons) who had operation subjected to MedX Exercise at U vertebra health research institute in Seoul. The tool of experiment was MedX Lumbar Extension Machine (MedX, Ocala, FL USA) and by means of this machine test was conducted by computing strength at tip of joint movement range with test angle between indentation of lumbar with no contraction of 72° - 0° (7 angles) standardized. In the course of extension test for lumbar with no contraction bar graph was produced by plotting muscular power of patients and secondary curves were produced by computer. The patients tested were subjected to an exercise program of 8 weeks with 3 times a week and 2 hours a session regime and the dates for exercise were fixed on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Exercise was performed some time between 14:00 - 18:00 without fixed schedule. In general under the principle of therapy for curing paints Alpha Massage (johnson & johnson. USA) for treating heat on body surface was performed for 20 minutes thermally (36.7°C) prior to MedX Exercise and thereafter conducted light aerobic exercise for 45 minutes with 15 minutes session and carried out MedX Exercise for 30 minutes. As a winding up exercise cold therapy (18.3°C) was performed for 20 minutes. MedX Exercise for reinforcing lumbar muscular strength was conducted two 2 sets of 10-12 times with 15 minutes session and recorded that it improved muscular strength of the subject patients. In the course of conduction MedX Lumbar Extention Test the section of 0° - 72° was divided into 7 subsections (72°, 62°, 48°, 36°, 24°, 12°, 0°) and patients were made to generate maximum muscular strength for 2 seconds respectively. In the course of test for the purpose of strengthing lumbar muscular strength measurements were taken for 2 times in total before the exercise and after exercise for 8 weeks. Main results were 1. There was considerable increase in lumbar muscular strength because prior to starting exercise it was 796.5ft-lbs but after 8 weeks from exercise this figure was 1251.8ft-lbs (p<0.01). 2. It was shown that lumbago patients who had not operation (485.8ft-lbs) have higher level of improvement in muscular strength compared to lumbago patients who had operation (424.8ft-lbs). From the result mentioned above it was possible to draw a conclusion that by means of MedX Exercise considerable improvement of lumbar muscular strength is possible and therapeutic exercise substantiated by scientific method is effective and suitable to prevention and treatment of lumbago.

휘발성유기화합물 제거를 위한 생물공정기에서 분리한 톨루엔 분해 세균

장현섭,황선진,조영철 경희대학교 2005 環境硏究 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

We isolated a toluene degrading bacterium from the bioactive foam reactor(BFR) which designed to remove volatile organic compounds(VOCs) from the contaminated air. In order tofind the taxonomic and phylogenetic relationship with known bacteria, the partial sequence of 16S ribosomal DNA gene was analyzed. The isolated bacterium was classified as Pseudomonas sp. based on the close relationship to bacteria belonging to this genus. From the sequence, we designed the appropriate DNA probe which will be useful to detect this bacterium with the molecular methods such as FISH. The isolated bacterium and designed probe will be helpful to optimize the operating conditions and to improve the efficiency of BFR in detoxification of VOCs.

섬모상 담체에 부착/ 생장하는 질산화 미생물의 Fluorescence in situ Hybridization에 의한 동정

황선진,장주희,장현섭 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.6

FISH (Fluorescence in situ Hybridization) technique was applied to the several nitrifiers in the bulk solution and on the Cilium media to promote nitrification process. It was confirmed by the results of Nso190 and NEU image analysis that ammonia oxidizer forms 'cluster' when they appears in both bulk and media. Another significant fact was that lots of microbial flocs were observed on the surface of the Cilium media substratum instead of biofilm. And from the results of NEU, it was known that Nitrosomonas europaea, Nitrosomonas eutopha and Nitrococcus mobilis or one or two of these three were the dominant ammonia oxidizers. The fact that no Nitrobacter sp. was detected with NIT3 probe means naturally that nitrite oxidizer in the nitrification reactor was not composed of Nitrobacter sp. but with other nitrite oxidizers like Nitrospira sp. etc. In order to detect these nitrite oxidizers, suitable probes must be tested.

프랙탈의 반복함수계를 이용한 웨이블릿 기반 워터마킹 기법 연구

장명환,황선태,이 형 대전대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 산업기술연구소 論文集 Vol.11 No.2

본 논문은 프랙탈의 반복함수계를 이용한 웨이블릿 기반의 워터마킹 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법에서는, 3-단계 웨이블릿 변환을 통하여 이미지를 주파수 대역으로 변환한다. 워터마크는 반복함수의 출력벡터의 수를 조절하여 생성한다. 견고성 향상을 위해 고주파수 대역뿐만 아니라, 저주파수 대역인 LL 대역에도 워터마크를 삽입한다. 또한, 워터마킹 영상의 화질저하를 줄이기 위해 웨이블릿 변환 단계마다 가중치를 다르게 부여한다. 실험결과, 기존의 Cox 방법과 비교할 때 잡음첨가, 부분 삭제 그리고 필터링등의 공격들에 대하여 화질과 견고성면에서 향상된 결과를 보였다. In this paper, the watermarking technique using the Iterated Function System based on wavelet transform is proposed. In this method, the image is chanced into coefficients of frequency domain by 3-level wavelet transform. We adjusted the number of Iterated Function Output Vectors and then generated watermarks. We intended to improve the robustness of the watermark by embedding the watermark not only into high-pass band(LH, HL, HH) but into low-pass band(LL). Also the scaling parameters are used differently in each wavelet transformation levels in order to reduce the distortion of watermarked image. The experimental results show that our proposed method has better image quality and robustness to the attacks of noise addition, cropping and filtering than those of existing Cox's method.

효소와 기계적 전처리에 의한 슬러지 저감에 관한 연구

환선진,김상철,장현섭 경희대학교 2004 環境硏究 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

The effective removal of sewage sludge is very wmportant, due to a lot of generation, environmental hai mful effects. This study was carried out to be effective pretreatment of cell rupture. The purpose of sludge pretreatment in this study was that microorganism cell walls of sewage sludge were ruptured by biochemical and mechanical treatment for sewage sludge reduction. the soluble chemical oxygen demand and solubility of sewage sludge gradually were increased with SDS, lysozyme and EDTA dose. Also treatment of combined lysozyme with SDS or EDTA more increase of SCOD concentration than singy' treatment method. The sludge cells and floc were disrupted by homogenizer and biochemical pretreatment resulting in the increase of SCOD concentration and microscopic observation. We have observed that higher solubility of sewage sludge cloud be obtained through pretreatment of combination homogenizer with enzyme.

자발성 뇌실내출혈 환자에서 임상적 -전산화단층촬영상소견의 상관관계

황선철,김범태,장재칠,주교성,신원한,최순관,변박장 대한신경외과학회 1998 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.27 No.6

SBNR process에서 암모니아 부하가 N₂O 발생에 미치는 영향

장광언,장현섭,황선진 경희대학교 2004 環境硏究 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

A laboratory scale BNR reactor was built to study the fate of N₂O production during BBNR(Bhortcut Biological' Nitrogen Removal. process and A/O process. Nitrous oxide(N₂O) is emitted from wastewater treatment processes. It is known as a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. Therefore it is importance to develop technology, that can suppress N₂O emission. Especially, N₂O emission' from the SBNR process was higher than that of A/O process. When a ono loading was increased(0.15 ∼ 0.6g/㎥day), dissolved N₂O concentration of nitrification was increased. And when nitrite concentration of aerobic basin was increased(0 ∼200 mg/L). N₂O emission rate was increased. As a results of this study, BURN process had an more effect on N₂O emission than A/O process.

단축질소제거공정에서의 C/N비에 따른 N₂O발생 특성에 대한 연구

장광언,황선진,장현섭 경희대학교 2003 環境硏究 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

Nitrous oxide(N₂O) is produced as by-production of nitrogen removal system from wastewater and associated with many parameter(such as DO, pH, Temperature, C/N ratio, accumulation of nitrite etc...). Especially SBNR (Shortcut Biological Nitrogen Removal) process have high potential of N₂0 production, but research about this relationship is insufficient. Ammonia concentration of Influent was 600 ppm and 2 sets of reactor (for A/O process and SBNR process) were used. Based on the results of this study A/O process (conventional nitrification and denitrification) was effected by C/N ratio but SBNR process did not. And N₂O production of BSNR oxic tank was observed constantly.

혐기성 소화시 온도와 기질 부하에 따른 메타생성균 거동에 관한 연구

장현섭,황선진 경희대학교 2003 環境硏究 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

Anaerobic digestion is a biological treatment process that has many advantages over the more conventional aerobic processes including low levels of excess sludge production, low space requirements and the production of valuable bigots. this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of organic loading rate on thermophilic(55℃) and mesophilic(35℃) anaerobic digestion. Moreover, fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH) method was used for studying the microbial community it the reactors. The results of this study was as follows ; The stabilizing time of mesophiwic anaerobic reactors were shorter as approximately 20 days than 40 days of the thennrophiwic anaerobic reactors. The methane production of anaerobic reactors were independent of the feed substrate concentration and methanogens. The microbial diversity of two types of methanogenic reactor, mesophiwic (35℃) and thermophiwic (55℃), which had beet treating acetate-based artificial wastewater were compared. Methanogensis is carried out by microbial consortia consisting of bacteria and archer such as methanogens. the bacterial and archaic populations of all anaerobic reactors were investigated during a period of the process reflected by at accumulation of acetate. Archaea wore predominant it all reactors, and methanothrix-wike methanogens appeared it the mesophiwic anaerobic reactors with high feed substrate concentrations but it was tot preset it thermophiwic anaerobic reactors.