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스트레인 게이지를 利用한 土壤硬度計의 開發 : Ⅱ. 實用化試驗 Ⅱ. Application Experiment
章益柱,李基明,金泰漢 COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSI 1984 慶北大農學誌 Vol.2 No.-
The soil hardness tester was developed in order to increase the accuracy of measurement and easiness of handling and make it possible to read the data continuously which might be impossible with conventional soil-hardness tester. A strain gauge and a potentiometer were mounted at cone penetrometer in this soil hardness tester. A series of soil hardness tests were conducted at the laboratory using this measuring system. And the results were compared with those obtained from cone penetrometer which was widly used for this purpose. Also, the soil resistance characteristics were investigated when cone, plate and cone-plate were tested, respectively. The following conclusions were drawn from the results: 1. The soil hardness tester developed in this experiment read data more accurately than cone penetrometer did, which was designed to read with dial gauge. Also, it made possible to read the data continuously as it penetrated from the surface to subsoil. 2. When cone, plate and cone-plate were penetrated into the test soil, soil hardness increased as depth increased gradually. Approximately at a 15㎝ of soil depth, the increase of soil hardness stopped and increased again as it penetrated deeply. This phenomenon seemed to be caused from soil resistance characteristic to penetration. 3. The desirable diameter of the plate seemed to be 50㎜ or more for measuring the surface hardness of the soil sample used in this experiment.
배 "新高" 품종의 체窪部突出果 발생 원인과 방지에 관한 연구
최진호,김점국,장한익,김월수 전남대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2000 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.35 No.-
This study was conducted to find out the cause of basin protruded fruit in oriental pear cultivar "Niitaka" and to minimize the occurrence of deformed fruits. The obtained results are as follows. The occurrence rates of basin protruded pear were 15.4% in Namwon, 15.5% in Ansung and 18.7% in Naju, respectively. By the application of 50 ppm GA3 and 100 ppm GA4-7 on the pear trees at full bloom period, the occurrence of basin protruded fruit were increased. There was no difference in the shapes of fruit between open pollination and artificial pollinations, and the some as with pollen grains including cv. Imamura-aki, Chojuro and Gamcheonbae. Calyx end perpetual fruit at the fruit thining stage resulted in 77.4% basion protruded fruits at the harvest, but calyx end decicluous fruits was 12.3%. It was recommendable to thin the calyx end perpetual young fruits to diminish the occurrence of the basin protruded fruits at the harvest. Though the fresh weight of a basin protruded fruit was heavier than normal one soluble solid of basin protruded fruit was lower than normal one, but firmness and acidity were similar in both type of fruits. In spite of the big size, the market price was lower about 8% in deformed fruits than in normal fruits.
한국 정신장애의 역학 조사 연구[I] : 각 정신장애의 유병률
조맹제,함봉진,김장규,박강규,정은기,서동우,김선욱,조성진,이준영,홍진표,최용성,박종익,이동우,이기철,배재남,신정호,정인원,박종한,배안,이충경 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.4
Objectives : This study aims to estimate the prevalence of the DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in Korean population using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI). Methods : Subjects were selected by taking multi-stage, cluster samples of 7,867 adult household residents, 18 to 64 years of age, in ten catchment areas. Total 78 trained interviewers administered the K-CIDI to the selected respondents, from June 1 to November30,2001. Results : Total 6,275 respondents completed the interview. Some 33.5% of respondents reported at least one lifetime disorder, 20.6% reported at least one-year disorder, and 16.7% reported at least one-month disorder. The most common lifetime disorders were alcohol abuse/dependence (17.24%), nicotine dependence/withdrawal (11.19%), specific phobia (5.16%), and major de-pressive disorder (4.25%). The lifetime prevalence of substance abuse/dependence (0.25%) and schizophrenia (0.16%) was very low. Nicotine and alcohol use disorder showed very high male/female ratio. Mood disorder and anxiety disorder were more prevalent among female than male. Conclusion : The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was high. In comparison with other studies, remarkable differences in distributions of psychiatric disorders across the areas and times were observed.
도시 거주 노인 수면 습관 및 불면증상의 요인 : 인구학적,질병 및 정신증상의 관련성
홍진표,안준호,윤영국,박종익,이소영,함봉진,김장규,한오수,조맹제 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.6
연구목적 : 본 연구는 국내 노인의 습관을 조사하고 불면 증상과 연관 있는 인구학적, 질병학적 요인을 알고자 했다. 방 법 : 1997년 12월부터 1998년 1월까지 약 1개월에 걸쳐 2단계 층화집락표본추출의 역학조사법을 통해 선정된 3개 4개동 거주의 만 65세 이상 노인을 대상으로 수행되었다. 대상자 중 723명에서 등답을 받았으며 응답률은 73.8였다. 대학생인 설문조사요원들을 훈련시킨 뒤, 이들로 하여금 대상지역의 노인거주가정을 방문하여 개개 노인을 대상으로 반구조화된 면담으로 수면습관 및 불면증상 설문을 실시하였으며 그 외 한국어판 노인정신장애평가척도, 삶의 질 척도를 이용한 설문조사와 과거 질병력을 청취조사하게 하였다. 결 과 : 국내 노인들은 평균 오후 10시 16분에 자리에 누워 오전 5시22분에 일어나서 총 7시간 6분의 수면시간을 보였다. 노인의 11.7%가 거의 매일 밤 불면증을 14.8%가 간헐적 불면증을 호소하였다. 남자에서는 연령이 증가할수록 침상에 누워있는 시간이 증가하고, 또, 입면시까지 소요되는 시간과 수면 중의 각성회수가 증가되었으나 여성에서는 명확하지 않았다. 단변수 분석에서 요통, 중풍 병력의 환자에서 불면증상이 심했다. 다변량분석 결과 불면 증상과 관련 깊은 요인으로 남자에게서는 고령과 우울증상이 여자에게서는 남자의 위험요인에다 신체통증과 피부병력이 추가로 관련이 있었다. 결 론 : 지역 거주 노인에서 불면 증상은 매우 흔한 증상이며 우울증상과 명확한 상관관계를 보이고 있었다. 불면증을 극복하기 위해 불면증 위험요인의 인과관계에 대한 추후 연구가 필요하다. Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze sleep habit and investigate the association between insomnia and demographic, health and psycho-behavioral symptomatology in Korean urban elderly Method : A total of 723 community residents aged 65 years or older were surveyed by two stage, random cluster sampling method. The response rate was 76.2%. Interviewers performed door to door visits and administered a questionnaire about sleep, past medical history, and several scales as the Psychogeriatric Assessment Scale(PAS), the short form Quality of Life Scale (SF-36) and etc. Results : The mean scores are as follows : retiring time was ten-sixteen p.m., wake-up time was five twenty two a.m., duration of sleep was seven hours and six minutes. Among the elderly, 11.6% and 14.8% of the subjects reported chronic and intermittent difficulty in sleeping, respectively. The patients with back pain and history of stroke complained of more insomnia symptoms in univariate analysis. In ANCOVA analysis, insomnia symptoms were associated with an old age, depressive symptoms in male. Bodily pain and history of dermatologic disease were additional risk factors in female. Conclusions : The data suggest insomnia is one of most common health problems among elderly Koreans living in the community. Strong positive relationship between depressive symptoms and insomnia were found. Further research is needed to explore the causal relationship between insomnia and risk factors.
동아시아와 G5 주식시장에 대한 한국 주식시장의 동조화 변화 분석
( Han Ik Jang ) 한국국제경제학회 2013 국제경제연구 Vol.19 No.4
본 연구는 2005년부터 2013년에 걸친 한국, G5, 동아시아 등의 9개국 주가지수와 이변량 마코프-스위칭 모형을 이용해 글로벌 금융위기 및 전·후 기간에서 해외 주식시장에 대한 한국 주식시장의 동조화 변화를 살펴보았다. 추정결과 글로벌 금융위기 기간 한국과 일본, 홍콩, 대만, 중국 주식시장 간의 동조화는 금융위기 이전보다 강화되는 반면 미국, 영국, 프랑스, 독일 주식시장과의 동조화는 약화된다. 글로벌 금융위기 이후 미국과의 동조화는 글로벌 금융위기 이전과 비슷한 수준으로 회복되지만 유럽의 선진 주식시장에 대한 동조화는 더욱 약화된다. 한국 주식시장은 글로벌 금융위기 이전 미국, 글로벌 금융위기 이후 일본 주식시장에 대한 동조화가 더 크게 나타났다. 글로벌 금융위기와 관계없이 동아시아와 한국 주식시장 간의 동조화는 높았지만 중국은 글로벌 금융위기 기간만 급격하게 동조화가 증가하였다. This study is using from 2005 to 2013 across South Korea , G5, nine countries in Asia stock index data and the bivariate Markov-switching model to examine the synchronization of the change in the South Korea stock market for foreign stock markets with three different periods. Estimation period of the global financial crisis, including Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and China`s stock market co-movement strengthened, while the synchronization phenomenon for U.S., U.K., France, Germany is weakened. After the global financial crisis in the U.S. is recovered to a similar level as before crisis. While Euro stock markets are further weakened. Also Korea stock market is more synchronized with Japan and ASEAN stock markets after global crisis except China.
Han Ik Jang,Duk Jun Yu,Jeom Hwa Han,In Bog Lee,Hee Jae Lee 한국원예학회 2006 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.47 No.2
Photosynthetic characteristics of ‘Campbell Early’ grapevine cultivar under flooding condition were examined with respect to gas exchanges and potential quantum yield (Fv/Fm). With increasing flooding duration, net co₂ assimilation rate (Aco₂), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (E) decreased. Aco₂ of non-flooded plants in late June was 14.4 μ㏖ㆍm?²ㆍs?¹ at 1,000 μ㏖ㆍm?²ㆍs?¹ photosynthetic photon flux and maintained without any change for 3 days after flooding. At 7 and 14 days after flooding, however, the values significantly decreased to 78 and 58%, respectively, and were not readily recovered. gs and E were reduced in parallel with that of Aco₂, indicating that Aco₂ and E were greatly affected by gs in ‘Campbell Early’ grapevine cultivar. Flooding also decreased apparent quantum yield, light saturation point, and maximum co₂ assimilation rate, implying that photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) was impaired. This observation was confirmed by the decreases of Fv/Fm values and chlorophyll contents. At 3 days after flooding, the Fv/Fm value in flooded plants was significantly lower than that in non-flooded plants. Chlorophyll contents also decreased continuously with increasing flooding duration and then the leaves visualized chlorosis. In conclusion, flooding decreased photosynthesis of ‘Campbell Early’ grapevine cultivar and ultimately injured PSII reaction center by closing stomata, reducing transpiration, and accumulating photosynthetic energy.