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안세진,장성은,문기찬,성경제,최지호,고재경,서호석,서치우,김소형,한만희,정의창,박일중 대한피부과학회 2001 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.39 No.2
Background: In many epidemiologic reports of distribution of skin diseases, the outpatients of university hospitals have been the target groups of the analysis. But there has been no epidemiologic study of dermatoses in the field of rural area. Objective: The purposes of this study were to investigate the distribution of skin diseases in rural areas and to evaluate the rural population's concept of skin disease and the attitude to their skin problems. Method: We analysed the results of interview and responses of questionnaires from 481 residents who visited the local public health centers and the free clinics in the rural areas of Kyonggi-Do and Ulsan city. Results: The results of the study are summarized as follows: l. Of 481 residents, there were 328 females and 153 males. The mean age was 56.6 years old.The residents over 50 years old formed 73.2 percent of total population. 2. The common dermatoses were tinea pedis, onychomycosis, xerosis, seborrheic keratosis, chloasma, pruritus, hand eczema, contact dermatitis, lentigo, seborrheic dermatitis in order of frequency. 3. The cutaneous fungal infection was the most common dermatoses in each study population. 4. To treat skin diseases, 51.2% of the residents visited the drug store initially. 5. The major reason of not taking dermatological care in the rural population was customary habit. 6. The 39.5% of 238 respondents have used self-treatments, and 15.5% of 90 respondents have experienced side effects of self-treatments. 7. On the question about the negative concepts of dermatoses, 61.7% of 462 respondents agreed to the statement that dermatoses look unclean. 8. Half of the 463 respondents thought that dermatologic medicine was harmful. The 50.6% of the 328 respondents had no specific reason, and 34.1% experienced gastrointestinal trouble. 9. The most favorite type of dermatologic medicine was topical agent, which was preferred especially by the group of respondents using nonmedical service including drug store. Conclusion: The distribution of the skin diseases in rural areas was similar to other reported results except the high frequency of cutaneous fungal infection. This research could be a basis on the following epidemiologic studies of the skin diseases in rural areas. It is also suggested that the educational program to improve understanding of skin diseases should be performed in the rural areas.
Bender Typed Piezoelectric Multilayer Actuator
Ahn, Byung-Guk,Lee, Dong-Kyun,Han, Deuk-Young,Kang, Chong-Yoon,Park, Ji-Won,Kim, Hyun-Jai,Yoon, Seok-Jin The Korean Ceramic Society 2003 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.40 No.3
A Bender typed Multilayer Actuator(BMA) for decreasing the depolarization effect was designed and fabricated. Unlike bimorph and multimorph actuators in which depolarization occurred, the BMA did not generate depolarization because the polarization and the electric field directions are the same. The simulated results indicate that higher displacement of the BMA can be achieved by increasing input voltage. Compared with the multimorph actuator, the proposed actuator is expected to extend a life time as well as acceptable voltage range.
Factors to Assess for Re-breeding after Parturition in Milking Cows
Sung Jai Park,Kwang-Soo Baek,김현섭,Byeong-Soon Jeon,Tai-Young Her,Hyun-Joo Lim,Seok-Jin Kang,Hyun-June Lee,Woon-Mo Jo,김상범,Young-Hun Jung,Byeong-Seog Ahn 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2009 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.33 No.3
The purpose of this study was to assess for re-breeding concentrate period in postpartum in milking cows. The 48 cows aged 3.5~5.5 years and of 400~600 kg body weight were examined every 3rd day from 15 to 36 day postpartum. Blood samples for progesterone and estradiol 17 β hormone analyses were withdrawn from the coccygeal vein every third day until the end of the experiment. The ovarian follicular numbers were verified and measured using a multi frequency probe. The least squares means are presented for each day by GLM of SAS. The results showed that ovary lengths (right ovary; 1.64±0.62 cm, left ovary; 1.44±0.46 cm) were similar in right and left ovary activity level during estrous cycle of postpartum cows. We were judged completed uterus on day at 2.31±0.17 cm level of cervix diameter. And we were monitoring started at 6.44±2.03 cm from day 15 after postpartum. The results showed that mean plasma concentration of progesterone (3.28 ng/ml) in large follicle gradually increased days 30 in postpartum. And, monitoring of estradiol 17β (22.18 pg/ml) hormone during postpartum period would be useful to predict the ovarian and uterus activity for re-breeding in postpartum milking cows. From these results, we conclude that cervix diameter (mean: 2.31 cm) was very important for reproductive organ recovery standard level of postpartum milking cows, hormone secretion level (P4: 3.28 ng/ml, E2: 22.18 pg/ml) and body condition score (2.5~2.75) level about 30 days in postpartum period.
Proliferation Not Apoptosis as a Prognostic Indicator in Retinoblastoma
Kim, Chong-Jai,Chi, Je G.,Choi, Hyung-Soo,Shin, Hee-Young,Ahn, Hyo-Seop,Yoo, Young-Seok,Chang, Kwang-Yul 가톨릭대학교 2000 Bulletin of The Catholic Research Institutes of Me Vol.28 No.-
The balance between proliferation and cell death is the major determinant of tumour growth. We analysed the proliferative and apoptotic indices (PI and AI, respectively) of 33 children with retinoblastoma. 'PI and AI were assessed by immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 antigen and TUNEL staining, respectively. The mean PI was 21.0+/-21.1%, and higher PI was associated with more advanced tumour stage (P<0.0001) and poor clinical outcome (P<0.05). Patients in whom amplified N-myc oncogene was found (n=6) determined by the multiplex polymerase chain reaction tended to have a higher PI (37.6+/-27.2%) than those without amplified N-myc (n=27; PI=17.3+/-18.1). A PI value of over 40% was clearly associated with an unfavourable prognosis. The AI, however, did not correlate with any of the other variables analysed. The findings suggest that proliferation, but not apoptosis, is of critical significance in retinoblastoma biology. PI, as determined by the Ki-67 antigen labeling index, seems to be a relevant histopathological parameter that can predict the clinical outcome of retinoblastoma. (Virchows Archires 434(4):301-5, 1999)
평균내부거리를 적용한 퍼지 클러스터링 알고리즘에 의한 영상분할
유현재(Hyun Jai You),안강식(Kang Sik Ahn),조석제(Seok Je Cho) 한국정보처리학회 2000 정보처리학회논문지 Vol.7 No.9
Image segmentation is one of the important processes in the image information extraction for computer vision systems. The fuzzy clustering methods have been extensively used in the image segmentation because it extracts feature information of the region. Most of fuzzy clustering methods have used the Fuzzy C-means(FCM) algorithm. This algorithm can be misclassified about the different size of cluster because the degree of membership depends on highly the distance between data and the centroids of the clusters. This paper proposes a fuzzy clustering algorithm using the Average Intracluster Distance that classifies data uniformly without regard to the size of data sets. The Average Intracluster Distance takes an average of the vector set belong to each cluster and increases in exact proportion to its size and density. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach has the good results by classification entropy and validity function.