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Management Plans of Livestock Excretions from Field Scrutiny in Yeongsan Stream Basin
Jaehong Ko,Wonmo Yang,Yongwoon Lee 한국도시환경학회 2018 한국도시환경학회지 Vol.18 No.4
A field scrutiny related to livestock excretions in Yeongsan stream basin was performed in this study. This result was used to verify the accuracy of nationwide survey result (formal document) for pollution sources by comparing them, and a management plan of livestock excretions was also suggested based on their comparison in this study. The major differences between them were 17.7% in the number of stock farms, 39.6% in the population of milk cows and 41.6% in the treatment method of pig excretions. The biggest difference to the pig case, which is currently the most problem in livestock excretions treatment, could be because of the cause that most of the farmlands, including orchard grove, used as individual treatment site for excretions played role as a dump site to reduce the cost for consignment treatment. Meanwhile, the 67% of compost heaps was illegally left alone in field without the rain shelter and could flow in the stream if it is raining.
Jaehong Ko,Chang-Ho An,Chulwoo Kim,Soo-Won Kim IET 2015 Electronics letters Vol.51 No.15
<P>A voltage-current (V-I) converter-based voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is adapted to generate multiple-phase clocks for clock and data recovery for a display driver IC. The proposed V-I converter changed the second-order current equation of the VCO to a first-order current equation of the VCO, to achieve a wide operating frequency range, a linear gain (K-VCO) within a wide control voltage, low power, and a small area without any extra circuits, such as a low-to-full amplifier. Owing to the V-I converter, K-VCO is changed from 8.43 to 2.05MHz/mV with a wider V-ctrl range, and its tuning range is changed from 114 to 452 MHz with a linear gain characteristic. The proposed VCO is implemented in a 1P6M 1.8 V technology and is suitable for the phase-locked loop used in flat-panel display interfaces that operate from 0.3 to 2 Gbit/s.</P>
Rail-to-rail regulating voltage-controlled oscillator with low supply and ground noise sensitivity
Jaehong Ko,Chang-Ho An,Chan-Keun Kwon,Soo-Won Kim,Chulwoo Kim IET 2015 Electronics letters Vol.51 No.24
<P>A rail-to-rail (R-to-R) regulating voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is employed to generate multiple-phase clocks for clock and data recovery in a display driver IC (DDI). To achieve a low supply and ground noise sensitivity, the proposed R-to-R regulating method generates VSP and VSN as the supply and the ground of the VCO instead of VDD and VSS. By applying the proposed method, the frequency-VDD variation rate of the VCO (%-<I>f</I><SUB>VCO</SUB>/%-VDD) changes from 3.5%-<I>f</I><SUB>VCO</SUB>/1%-VDD to 0.0073%-<I>f</I><SUB>VCO</SUB>/1%-VDD within the <I>V</I><SUB>ctrl</SUB> range of 0.5-1.2 V. The DDI is fabricated in a 1P6M 0.18 μm 1.8 V CMOS technology for the interface block and in a 1.6 μm 18 V CMOS technology for the DAC. The R-to-R regulating VCO has a tuning range of 140-240 MHz with linear and small gain (<I>K</I><SUB>VCO</SUB>) characteristics, and is suitable for the phase-locked loop used in flat-panel display interfaces that operate from 0.3 to 2 Gbits/s.</P>
구조화 조명(Structured Light)을 이용한 3차원 데이터의 획득 방법
고문석,박재홍,전희성 울산대학교 1997 공학연구논문집 Vol.28 No.1
구조화 조명(structured light)을 사용하여 얻은 물체의 계조 화상을 처리하여 3차원 데이터를 얻을 수 있는 시스템을 구현하였다. 본 시스템은 영상 획득 카드에 연결된 CCD 카메라와 슬라이드 프로젝터, 화상 처리 및 가시화하는 부분을 포함한 여러 개의 프로그램으로 구성되어 있다. 3차원 데이터를 얻기 위해 필요한 카메라와 프로젝터의 캘리브레이션 과정 및 여러 단계의 화상 처리 과정에 대해 상세히 기술하였다. 몇 가지 물체에 대한 화상을 획득하여 처리한 실험 결과를 포함하였으며, 오차의 해석 결과 상당히 정밀한 데이터를 얻을 수 있었다. 계산된 3차원 데이터를 VRML 언어의 형태로 변환하는 간단한 프로그램을 작성하여 시각적으로 화면상에 재구성도 해 보았으며 보다 더 간편하고 경제적으로 3차원 데이터를 획득할 수 있는 시스템이 되기 위한 차후의 개선책에 대해서도 기술하였다. Three dimensional data acquisition system based on the structured light is developed in this work. The developed system is compose of CCD camera, slide projector, and various image processing programs. The calibration procedure of camera and projector is explained and several image processing steps which are necessary to get the range data are described also. Preliminary experimental result shows that the developed system may be used as a simple and cheap 3D data acquisition system.
Mineralogy of Illite/smectite Mixed-Layer Clays from the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin, Arctic Canada
고재홍,Ko, Jaehong,Hesse, R. The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental G 1995 자원환경지질 Vol.28 No.4
카나다 극지의 보포트-맥켄지 (Beaufort-Mackenzie) 분지에 분포하는 일라이트/스멕타이트 (illite/smectite)에 대한 광물학적 특성 연구가 육상 및 대륙붕의 석유시추공으로부터 215개 코아와 파쇄시료를 대상으로 수행되었다. 보포트-맥켄지 분지의 일라이트/스멕타이트는 구성층의 배열 양상에 따라 불규칙, R1-배열, R>1-배열, 불규칙과 R1-배열의 혼합으로 구분된다. 불규칙과 규칙적인 배열의 혼합 양상을 보이는 일라이트/스멕타이트는 불규칙으로부터 R1-배열로 변화하는 전이대에서 나타나는데 혼합층의 배열이 규칙화하는 과정에서 불안정하게 나타나는 준안정상으로 해석된다. 불규칙과 규칙 배열을 갖는 일라이트/스멕타이트가 함께 나타나는 현상은 느린 화학반응에서 흔히 관찰되는 반응물과 생성물이 공존하는 현상과 일맥 상통한다. K-포화 실험결과는 일라이트/스멕타이트 내의 스멕타이트층의 층전하가 다양함을 보여준다. 높은 층전하의 스멕타이트층은 K-포화시 준 일라이트층으로 변한다. K-포화는 일라이트/스멕타이트의 구성비와 배열을 변화시키는데 이는 자연에서의 일라이트화 현상도 기존 격자결합의 교란이 없이 일어날 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. Illite/smectite (I/S) in the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin, Arctic Canada has been scrutinized on the basis of mineralogical analysis of 215 core and drill-cutting samples from 22 exploratory wells onshore and offshore. I/S in the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin includes the following four types: random, a mixture of random and ordered, R1-ordered, and R>1-ordered I/S. A mixture of random and ordered I/S occurs in the transitional interval between random and R>1-ordered I/S, and may represent a metastable state in the ordering reaction. A widespread occurrence of the mixture in natural environments suggests that the ordering reaction may be a slow process that results in co-existence of reactants and products. K-saturation experiments show that layer charges of expandable layers in I/S are variable. High-charge expandable layers transform into illite-like layers upon simple K-saturation. K-saturation alters the composition and/or the degree of ordering in I/S, suggesting that illitization in nature can be transformational.
Liu, Kai,Ko, Eunjung,Kim, Sangtae,Park, Jaehong,Hwang, Cheol Seong,Choi, Jung-Hae IOP 2019 Journal of Physics. D, Applied Physics Vol.52 No.15
<P>While the properties of the non-(1 0 0) Ge surface become more important with the scaling down of Ge-based transistor devices, the stability and electronic properties of the interface between non-(1 0 0) Ge and amorphous GeO<SUB>2</SUB> (<I>a-</I>GeO<SUB>2</SUB>) compared to those of Ge(1 0 0) and <I>a</I>-GeO<SUB>2</SUB> are still not well known. In this study, first-principles calculations were performed to systematically study the atomic and electronic structures of Ge/<I>a-</I>GeO<SUB>2</SUB> interfaces with various surface orientations of Ge. The study shows that the Ge(1 1 1)/<I>a-</I>GeO<SUB>2</SUB> and Ge(1 0 0)/<I>a-</I>GeO<SUB>2</SUB> interfaces have the lowest and highest interface energies, respectively. The stability of the Ge/<I>a-</I>GeO<SUB>2</SUB> interface is governed by the interfacial bond density and the minimization of the dangling bonds. We find that the interface region, composed of the Ge suboxides, dominates the electronic structures of the Ge/<I>a-</I>GeO<SUB>2</SUB>. The Ge atoms with uncompensated dangling bonds result in various trap states within the band gap of Ge, which is related to the charge neutrality level of the Ge defect. The band offsets between Ge and <I>a</I>-GeO<SUB>2</SUB> show little dependence on the original Ge orientation.</P>