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Structural and Functional Insights into Enzymes in Nitrogen Remobilization Pathway
Inchul Shin,Kitae Han,Sangkee Rhee 한국육종학회 2015 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2015 No.07
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient in plants including many crops. The storage and remobilization of nitrogen constitutes the main metabolic process for growth and development of plants. Ureide pathway is the lately characterized metabolic route for purine degradation and is conserved in plants, as well as some bacteria and fungi. The catabolic pathway catalyzes in a stepwise manner a conversion of N-rich uric acid into glyoxylate, with the release of ammonia, and plays a pivotal role in the storage and recovery of nitrogen from metabolites. In Next Generation BioGreen21 project, we aim to understand structural and functional features of enzymes involved in this nitrogen recycling pathway, by using genes from Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we report our current progress on this project including two different enzymes; ureidoglycine aminohydrolase (UGlyAH), and ureidoglycolate amidohydrolase (UAH). In UGlyAH, the metal-binding site plays a crucial role in catalysis, with a release of ammonia. We were able to characterize catalytic residues in the active site and provides a detailed view of a metal-dependent enzyme mechanism. Recently, we were able to characterize structural properties of UAH. Based on our analysis, we are performing enzymatic analysis to identify functional aspects of the enzyme. Taken together, these studies would provide a novel functional feature of the enzymes involved in the nitrogen recycling pathway and could serve as a framework to develop crops with an enhanced N-efficiency.
Inchul Shin,Sangkee Rhee 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07
The ureide pathway has recently been identified as the metabolic route of purine catabolism in plants and some bacteria. In this pathway, uric acid, which is a major product of the early stage of purine catabolism, is degraded into glyoxylate and ammonia via stepwise reactions of seven different enzymes. Therefore, the pathway has a possible physiological role in mobilization of purine ring nitrogen for further assimilation. (S)-Ureidoglycine aminohydrolase enzyme converts (S)-ureidoglycine into (S)-ureidoglycolate and ammonia, providing the final substrate to the pathway. Here, we report a structural and functional analysis of this enzyme from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtUGlyAH). The crystal structure of AtUGlyAH in the apo-form shows a monomer structure in the bi-cupin fold of the β-barrel and an octameric functional unit, as well as an Mn2+ ion binding site. The structure of AtUGlyAH in complex with (S)-ureidoglycine revealed that the Mn2+ ion acts as a molecular anchor to bind (S)-ureidoglycine and its binding mode dictates the enantioselectivity of the reaction. Further kinetic analysis characterized the functional roles of the active site residues, including the Mn2+ ion binding site and residues in the vicinity of (S)-ureidoglycine. These analyses provide molecular insights into the structure of the enzyme and its possible catalytic mechanism.
호텔기업의 업무스킬교육이 경력개발 및 업무성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
신인철 ( Inchul Shin ),김형일 ( Hyeong Kim ) 한국호텔리조트학회(구 한국호텔리조트카지노산학학회) 2015 호텔리조트연구 Vol.14 No.4
The hotel industry required the high levels of the human resources because of the employees faces customers in every work point. Therefore, for obtaining the high quality of service the skill education could be an one of the most important factors. This study is about the relationship between career development, organizational achievement, personal achievement by education. The survey was from 1, August to 15, August in 2015 within hotel employees who works in the five star hotels in Seoul and Incheon. The study used total 258 for final analysis and applied SPSS 18.0 for technique statistics analysis, frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis. According to result the work skill education effected on career development, organizational development and personal development. Also, the career development effected on the organizational development. Therefore, the employee``s education is very significant in the hotel organizations for deliver the high quality of service.
신인철(Inchul Shin),최경란(Kyungran Choi) 한국가구학회 2013 한국가구학회지 Vol.24 No.1
Households of today tend to gradually change from a large household to a small one. The tendency starts from urban concentration of population with modern industrial society. Small-sized households have rapidly increased with the following three reasons: (ⅰ) one-person households with aging society, (ⅱ) individualistic pursuit of happiness, and (ⅲ) emergence of single households due to high prices and a decline in the quality of life. With these social changes, various products for small-sized households have been created and there have also been changes in dwelling patterns with small-size housing and one rooms increasing. Current small-sized living space has combined space of a living room, a bedroom and a kitchen, which makes a house compositive space. A bathroom, however, requires a differentiated suggestion from existing one since it is special space where water is used. Based on this issue, this study intends to present bathrooms in small-sized living space.
신상준(Sangjun Shin),송영상(Youngsang Song),신인철(Inchul Shin) 한국정보과학회 2005 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.32 No.2
정보 통신의 발달로 인한 개인정보의 도용과 유출 및 불법적인 데이터의 사용을 차단하기 위한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 개인정보의 불법적인 유출을 막기 위해 스마트카드의 사용이 급증하고 있으며 현재 스마트카드보다 확장성 및 시스템 설계가 용이한 자바카드가 빠르게 보급되고 있는 추세이다. 본 논문에서는 정보호호 및 다양한 응용분야에 이용되는 자바카드의 기술규격(APDU)을 사용하여 다중사용자 인증과 사용자별 파일접근권한 시스템을 설계 및 구현하였다. 설계 구현한 시스템의 목적은 다수의 사용자 인증이 필요한 시스템에서 불법적인 정보의 유출을 방지하는 것이며 의료 분야 등 다양한 응용 프로그램에 적용이 가능하다.
Plasmonic Structural-Color Thin Film With a Wide Reception Angle and Strong Retro-Reflectivity
Inchul Woo,Sunkyu Yu,Jae Sung Lee,Shin, J. H.,Mi Jung,Namkyoo Park IEEE 2012 IEEE photonics journal Vol.4 No.6
<P>We propose a plasmonic structural color in the form of a thin film with a monolayer of randomly dispersed silver nanoshells. By employing spatially isotropic optical dipole antenna nanoshells to achieve efficient couplings to obliquely incident field and by utilizing local frustration and interference of randomly dispersed scatterer phases, we successfully introduce plasmonic-driven unique traits of retro-reflection as an example of a plasmonic structural color. As compared to the natural counterpart, Morpho rhetenor , a much wider reception angle, up to 70<SUP>°</SUP>, and a stronger retro-reflectivity of 35-45% are achieved.</P>
Shin, Dong Won,Lee, So Young,Lee, Chang Hyun,Lee, Kwan-Soo,Park, Chi Hoon,McGrath, James E.,Zhang, Mingqiang,Moore, Robert B.,Lingwood, Mark D.,Madsen, Louis A.,Kim, Young Taek,Hwang, Inchul,Lee, Youn American Chemical Society 2013 Macromolecules Vol.46 No.19
<P>Ordered morphologies in disulfonated poly(arylene sulfide sulfone nitrile) (SPSN) copolymers were generated via thermal annealing followed by multiblock copolymer synthesis. While SPSN random copolymers (R-SPSN) showed featureless morphologies, the SPSN multiblock copolymers (B-SPSN) exhibited cocontinuous lamellar morphologies with a center-to-center interdomain size of up to 40 nm. In spite of the well-ordered, interconnected hydrophilic domains, the water self-diffusion coefficient (e.g., <I>D</I> = (0.7–2.0) × 10<SUP>–10</SUP> m<SUP>2</SUP> s<SUP>–1</SUP>) and proton conductivity (e.g., σ = 0.16–0.20 S cm<SUP>–1</SUP> in deionized water at 30 °C) through B-SPSN were lower than those of the corresponding R-SPSN (e.g., <I>D</I> = (3.5–3.9) × 10<SUP>–10</SUP> m<SUP>2</SUP> s<SUP>–1</SUP> and σ = 0.21 S cm<SUP>–1</SUP>) due to the relatively lower water uptake of the B-SPSN after thermal annealing. The reduced water uptake of B-SPSN was beneficial to reduction of peroxide degradation rate. Thermal annealing produced significant gains in morphological ordering and finer control over desired membrane properties for proton conduction applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mamobx/2013/mamobx.2013.46.issue-19/ma400889t/production/images/medium/ma-2013-00889t_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ma400889t'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>