外來와 入院高血壓患者의 血漿 Renin 活性度 및 檢査方法의 比較 硏究

李種仁,徐舜圭 고려대학교 의과대학 1983 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.20 No.3

Since the plasma-renin activity(PRA) value varies by many factors such as amount of sodium in-take, diuretics and posture, the basal PRA with double stimulated PRA measurement is most widely used. However the method of the study is different according to investigators and especially the PRA study in out-patient is not easy. Auther attempted to establish an easy and reliable method of PRA study in out-patient and their data were compaired with those of in-patient by the study of 38 normal cases and 207 hypertensive patients. Twenty four hours urine and overnight urine sodium measurement showed that the overnight urine sodium was about 45% of that of twenty for hours urine. More than 70mEq of overnight urine sodium is considered to be borderline to neglect sodium intake for study. The PRA of normal adult was measured at 30 minutes and one hour rest in supine or sitting position after arrival to hospital. There were minor increase of PRA after 30 minutes and one hour rest than basal PRA which will not confuse the evaluation of PRA. After Lasix 40 ㎎ and 20 ㎎ intravenous injection with walking respectively, the PRA changes were measured in 30 minutes, 1, 2, and 3 hours in normal adult. The results appeared that Lasix 20 ㎎ intravenous injection and 1 hour walking double stmulation is suitable method of PRA stimulation test in out-patient clinic. The Lasix 40㎎ l. v. and 2 hours walking stimulation test is considered to be suitable method of PRA stimulation test in ward patient. With above study, the following method of PRA study in out-patient clinic is recommended; 1. Overnight fasting and overnight urine collection for urinary sodium measurement 2. Patient should visit hospital in fasting state and take rest for 30 minutes in supine or sitting position and thereafter take blood sample of about 5-10ml as out-patient basal PRA. Inject Lasix 20 ㎎ intravenously and walk for I hour and take blood sample again as double stimulation test. As double stimulation test of PRA for in-patient, Lasix 40 ㎎ l.v. and 2 hours walking is recommended. By using above method, the basal PRA in clinic in 16 young normal adults was 2.30±1.02(0.70-3.47)ng/ml/h in sitting rest and 1.76±1.21(0.1-4.03)ng/ml/h in supine rest In 47 non-hypertensive ward patients who will not have any abnormality in PRA, the 24 hour urinary sodium was average 221 mEq and the basal PRA was 1.46±0.89(0.30-3.75)ng/ml/h. In out-patients with essential hypertension without complication, the average basal PRA was not different from that of normal adult. However male in-patients with essential hypertension without complication had slightly higher average PRA than normal adult. The distribution of low (0.56ng/ml/h), average(0.57-2.35ng/ml/h) and high (2.3ng/ml/h) Renin groups in essential hypertention showed higher incidence of high group in male in-patients. But in out-patients with hypertension, the low rennin group of patient was high. Relatively low normal value of PRA in this study may be due to high sodium in-take. The higher incidence of high PRA group in essential hypertension of in-patients may be due to the difference of hypertensive status between out-patient and in-patient.

새마을運動의 實績ㆍ評價에 관한 硏究 : 忠北 丹陽地域 山間을 중심으로

任文淳,金仁謙,申大淳 건국대학교 1976 學術誌 Vol.20 No.1

1. Significance of "Saemaul undong,,. The saemaul undone is Korean type of the community development project that has undergone wide-spread success in developing countries throughout the world in recent years. "Saemaul undong, which is based on traditionally cooperative spirits among Koreans has been initiated and guide-lined by president Park of the Republic of Korea. In october 1970 the Saemaul pilot projects were conducted with emphasis on farm and fishery communities across the country by the Ministry of Home Affairs. With successful experiences from pilot projects, nationwide "Saemaul undong, was positively and actively tried by the Central "Saemaul undong,, coordination Board which is staffed with representative of appropriate Government agencies concerned in 1972. "Saemaul undong,, is, in brief, a movement for prosperous life in future. In other word, it is a voluntary effort of not only an individual or a group of people but the entire society for their common good. This nationwide movement should be spiritually based on diligence, self-help and cooperation of the participating individuals, groups or units so that they can try to achive better home, prosperous community and strong nation. In the implementation of "Saemaul undong, when any problem arises or exists, plan is made by villagers on a voluntary basis to solue such problems with their own resources and manpower. However, when necessary or the problem is beyond the villager's financial or technical capabilities, they are supported by the Government financially or technically. "Saemaul undong,, can be put into three main projects such as spiritual enlightenment, environmental improvements and income growth through increased production. Emphasis was placed on environmental improvement project untill 1973. From 1974 on, "income growth through increased production,, has been emphasized not only in rural areas but also in some of urban regions. Long-range plan of "Saemaul undong,, is as follows : A. "Saemaul undong,, is implemented at three different stages as listed below. (1) Stage I This stage may be called "Stage of foundation construction,,.(1971-1973) At this stage spirits of "saemaul undong,, are gradually encouraged to the participants through basic environment improvements or other easy projects. (2) Stage II-self-help and developing stage belongs to here (1974-1976). At this stage, production foundation is expanded, assisted with the accomplishment of the standard rural environment. (3) Stage III-"This stage can be expressed as Independent and completion stage,, (1977-1981). A total of 34,665 farm villages throughout the country will turn into the standard farm village through increased farm production and income from other sources. B. Each village is classified into one of the three different groups according to it's developmental level, namely underdeveloped villages, developing villages and developed villages, and each village is promoted to next developmental title, depending on progress of development. C. Each of 34,665 villages is classified into one of the following patterns, according to it's tophographic location or other conditions, deeply mountainous villages ; medium mountainous villages; plain villages; fishery villages; suburban villages Suitable development method are used according to its pattern. d. Considering that progect on a basis of a village unit is completed, a joint cooperative project is encouraged under the participation of several villages in a given area. "Saemaul undong,, which was ignited only five years ago, resulted in miraculous results which could not have been achieved for a few centuries in the past, changing farm villages as well as urban societies structurally and functionally. It has changed thought and way of living of the community residents, and remarkedly contributed to increase of the income and welfare of the people. 2. Achievements of Saemaul Undong During the five years, the number of participants in 34,665 villages and 35 cities has approxmated to 332 million. The total number of projects completed during this period reached 4,495,000. Furthmore, the total worth produced by this movement was 2.5 times as great as the total amount of the government assistance. The effects of Saemaul undong are as follows : 1) Improvement of Environment : The environmental betterment project has contributed to the development of enthusiasm and the sense of self-help. One of the remarkable things is that the basic establishments for the modernization of the country have been already made. Most of the rural areas have been electrified. Telephones are installed in many villages. Makeshift water supply systems which supply clean and sanitary water to the villagers have been installed. The transportation networks have been readjusted and extendeded rural areas, connecting through the highway. Such public establishments as storehouses, marketplaces, village assembly halls, public bathrooms, and public libraries have been established in the rural villages. 2) Increase in Income (1) The movement provided the strong basis for production and income-increase. The expansion of transportation networks including the construction of village and farm roads propelled both the improvement of transportation and marketing systems and the mechanization of farming ; the provision of irrigation farilities and the consolidation of farmlands improved the agricultural structure : the electrification and communication facilities of the rural villages enabled to extend the productive activities and flows of products. In the view of the increase in food production, Korea has experienced a revolution of "Tong-Il" variety species. Along with which, the government has supported various projects such as expansion of the base far agricultural production, mechanization of agricultural production, scientific methods of fertilization, farm technology, and top-soil improvement. As a result, the nation has achieved the historical record of rice production from 4.45 million tons in 1974 to 4.67 million tons in 1975. (2) The movement established the cooperative production system. (3) The movement employed the unemployed lobor in the rural region. Most of the unemployed people in the communities were mobilized to participate in a lot of saemaul projects and related income projects, particularly the wage-reinvesting projects and saemaul factories have greatly contributed to attracting the idle labor force. 3) Spiritual Enlightenment of the people. The philosophy of the Saemaul undone is based on the spirit of diligence, self·help, and cooperation. The new spiritual awakening of the people Financial inputs to "Saemaul Undong" ◁표 참조▷ p. 460 Table 2 Project Achievements of "Saemaul Undong" ◁표 참조▷ p. 461 have laid the spiritual basis for the renewal of the economic environment. The hearts of the people are stirring with enthusiasm and desire for the new economic environment. The basis for the modernization of the country has matured through the spiritual enlightenment. 3. Evaluation on achievements of Saemaul Undong(case study) In order to precisely evaluate and analyze achievements of "saemaul undong" sampling study for the entire nation is required. However it will be a attemped in the studs to be followed. In this study, deep mountainous villages, which are relatively adversely located, were selected as sample. They are seven villages located in the jurisdiction of choong song Puk to province, as shown below. ◁표 참조▷ p. 461 DANYANG Gun (county) of CHOONG PUK province occupies 10.6% of the province in size, and is mostly mountainous (83.7%) with arable land of 12.8%. Total farm house-hold is 64%, and remaining 36% is non-farmer. Data were collected through interviews with village chiefs and leaders during the period of 26-28 Jan 76. Evaluating criteria were put into the two main divisions, namely promising factors and project achievements, and the two were further, sub-divided for point, as follows ; 1) Promising factors : Resident's participation, planning, organization and operation, leaders and their leadership, operating funds 2) Project achievements : Improvement of the cultural environment, food production, income growth project, cooperative project, improvement of living conditions. (Table 3) Total ◁표 참조▷ p. 462 These evaluating factors differ from each other in importance, a different weight has been multiplied for each factor. Weight has been determined in order of importance expressed by the village leaders during the interviews. Summarized below are results of the investigatin : 1) Promising factors : Residents were willing to participate in, and adequate number of leader was working, Howeer, majority of villages are in short supply of operating funds. 2) Project achievements : Enviromental improvements were remarkable, but progresses in the fields of production and income were insgnificant. Overall points based on valuating factors are shown in the table below. Therefore, village funds will have to be accumulated, and also emphasis should be placed on increase of income.

DMBA 유도 햄스터 협낭암 발생과정에서 방사선 조사가 증식세포핵항원(PCNA)의 발현과 apoptosis 유발에 미치는 영향

전인성,허민석,최항문,이삼선,최순철 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2000 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.30 No.3

Purpose : This study was carried out to investigate the effect of irradiation on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and apoptosis induction during the carcinogenesis in hamster buccal pouch. Materials and methods : Three months old Syrian golden hamsters were divided into control and 2 experimental groups, Hamsters in control group were left untreated on buccal pouchs. Twenty four hamsters were treated with 0.5% DMBA tri-weekly on the right buccal pouch. Forty eight hamsters were treated with 0.5% DMBA tri-weekly and irradiated with the dose of 5 Gy and 10 Gy at 6,9, 12, 15 weeks after DMBA application. Resected buccal pouches were sectioned and examined for potential expression pattern of PCNA and apoptosis. Results : The PCNA index was increased with the stages of buccal pouch epithelium carcinogenesis except the hyperplasia stage in control group (p< 0.05). The irradiation did not effect on the PCNA index in the dysplasia and the carcinoma in situ stage, but in the hyperplasia stage, the PCNA index was increased with 10 Gy radiation and decreased in the carcinoma stage (p< 0.05). The apoptotic index was significantly decreased from the carcinoma in situ stage and the lowest in the carcinoma stage, The apoptotic index was significantly decreased in the hyperplasia and dysplasia stage with the 5 Gy irradiation and significantly increased only in the carcinoma stage with the 10 Gy irradiation (p< 0.05). Conclusion : The PCNA and apoptotic index were varied according to the irradiation period and dosage in each carcinogenesis stage. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2000; 30: 207-216)

프로그램 개발의 창의적 유형에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구

서인해,공계순 한국사회복지연구회 2003 사회복지연구 Vol.22 No.-

본 연구는 종합사회복지관에서 이루어지는 프로그램 개발과 관련된 일련의 특성들을 살펴 보고 일련의 과정에서 나타나는 기관의 개발실태에 영향을 미치는 요인을 밝혀보고자 하였다. 연구내용으로는 첫째, 프로그램의 개발여부, 개발횟수, 프로그램 개발의 창의성 유형, 기존 프로그램의 수정내용과 정도 등을 중심으로 기술통계분석을 통하여 개발실태를 파악하였다. 둘째, 개발의 실태에 영향을 미치는 변수를 응답자 개인 및 기관의 인구학적 변수, 개인의 특성 및 개발관련 교육변수, 그리고 기관의 업무특성과 프로그램 개발과정관련 변수들을 독립변수로 설정하여 판별분석 및 회귀분석을 통하여 알아보았다. 본 연구를 위한 조사방법으로는 전국의 335개 종합사회복지관을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시했으며, 응답자는 청소년복지률 담당하고 있는 사회복지사로 하였다. 회수율은 57%이다. 본 연구의 주요결과로는 사회복지관에서 프로그램의 개발활동은 비교적 활발하여 전체기관의 72.5%가 프로그램을 개발하고 있고, 기존 프로그램을 일부 수정하는 형태가 가장 많은 55%이며, 창의적인 개발이 42%, 기존 프로그램을 그대로 채택하는 경우는 3%이다. 프로그램 개발은 주로 20대의 3년 이하 근무기간을 가진 사회복지사들에 의해서 1개월 미만의 짧은 기간에 이루어지고 있다. 프로그램의 개발여부에 영향을 미치는 요인은 개발담당자의 근무기간, 개발관련 지식, 전문성에 대한 정체감, 학력이었으며, 개발횟수에 영향을 미치는 변수는 개발 동기, 개발관련 교육에 관한 자신감, 개발지식이다. 창의적인 개발과 수정한 개발형태를 결정짓는 데는 오직 프로그램 개발에 참여사람의 수만이 영향을 미쳤다. 기존 프로그램을 수정한 경우에 수정정도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 기관내 프로그램관련 의사결정 참여정도, 개발관련 교육정도, 개발지식, 창의적인 문제해결력이다. 본 연구의 결과들이 사회복지실천 및 학술적인 측면에서 시사하는 바가 논의되었다. 기존문헌과 비교하여 비슷한 결과를 보이고 있는 면도 있으나 상반된 결과도 나타났다. 실천적인 측면에서 개발담당자를 배치할 때 고려할 점, 프로그램 개발에 관한 공식적인 교육의 증대 및 교육할 때 고려할 점 등이 제시되었다. It has been ignored of the importance of creativity in program development process although recent social work studies has emphasized the possibility of creativity to social work practice. The researchers think that the complicated phenomena in the program development has been caused from lack of understanding the creativity in the program development. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate how the creativity was embedded into program development in the social welfare centers in Korea. A questionnaire was constructed with three parts, including 16 major variables, 201 questionnaires were collected from 335 agencies during two months. As the result of the descriptive analyses, the four noticeable features were found; (1) the activity of program development are shown as creativity and adaptation; (2) the pattern of ‘borrowing’ in the program development was rarely observed in the field; (3) the staff in his/her twenties are in charge of program development; (4)the respondents get knowledge from individual studies rather than from academic institutes. Discriminant analysis and multiple regressions were applied to analyze the sequential feature of program development in the social welfare centers. The results of the discriminant analysis show that four variables have influence on the difference between the agencies experiencing the program development and the agencies not experiencing the program development, and only one variable has influence on the difference between ‘creating’ and ‘borrowing’ in the program development. The results of the multiple regression show that three variables influence the number of program development experience, and four variables make influence on the degree of modifying the program design in the process of program development. Major findings were discussed and several suggestions were made for future research and improvement of the program development in social welfare centers.

成人患者의 入院 回數에 따른 不安度에 關한 分析硏究

김인순 김천과학대학 1979 김천과학대학 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

The main purpose of this study was investigated the onxious degree perceived of events in connection with experience of hospitalization according to each number of admission about the adult patients. The study was conducted for there months from May to August with 291 adult patients readomly selected from those admitted at two hospitals among the adult patients. The questionaire from included 34 items which were considered to be anxiety events for hospitalized adult patients, and was devided into five events namly, such events reladted to. 1) disease itself, 2) hospital environment, 3) nursing care and treatment, and 4) home, scoiety and economt problems. The results of the study were as follows; 1) An anxious degree of hospitalization was found in the patients who were twice over entering hospital. It appeared the difference of consciousness from the statistics (t=2.296, p<0.01). 2) An anxious degree about each times hospitaltzation in connection with a disease was found higher in the patients who were twice over entering hospital and it appeared the difference of consciousncss from the statics (t=1.957), p<0.01). An elemgnt of anxiety was found in that the patients have the most anxiety of all about an entering hospital for a long time. 3) An anxious degree of each times hospitalization in connection with a person and a hospital environment was found higher in the patients who were twice over entering hospital, but it was not found the difference of consciousness form the statistics. An element of anxiety was found in the patients have the most anxiety of all about a strange machinery. 4) An anxious degree of each times hospitulization in connection with the medical treatments and nursing care was found higher in the patients who were twice over entering hospital, but it was not found the difference of consciousness from the statistics. An element of anxiety was found in what the patients have the most anxiety of all about a limited free. 5) An anxious degree of each times hospitalization in connection whit home, society and econamy was found higher in the patients who were twice over entering hospital, but it was not found the difference of consciousness from the statistics. An element of anxiety was found in what the patients the most anxiety of all about what is likely to happen in their home.

朝鮮總督府의 保健醫療豫算行政과 韓國人參與

朴仁純 제주한라대학 2003 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

This article is a research on the health and medical budgeting administration and the participation of Koreans through its processing under the rule of the Chosun Government-General in Korea during the period from the annexation of Korea to Japan of 1910 A.D. upto the liberation from Japan of 1945 A.D. Its contents are constituted of budgeting agencies and procedures as well as appropriations structure. and also Koreans participation in the budgeting process. Its approaching methods are principally placed upon the legal methods. The outline of the results of this research could be summarized as the followings : (1) Budget Offices and Budgeting Phases The Government budget during the period of Japanese domination of since of 1910 A.D. is operated by the Chosun Government-General. and the competent Ministries and the Finance Ministry of Japan Government. The operation of the government budget of Chosun was conducted by the Chosun Governor General under the control of the competent Ministries as the jurisdictional budget offices and the Finance Ministry as the central budget office of Japan Government. The competent Ministry of the Chosun Government-General was the Finance Ministry until the Colonial Cultivation Ministry was founded in 1929. and then it became the Colonial Caltivation Ministry and hereafter the Home Affairs Ministry which was established in 1942 A.D. The budgeting cycle in Chosun is initiated at the Chosun Government-General, and the estimates prepared here move to the Finance Ministry as the central budget office through the competent Ministries and to the Cabinet of Japan Government, and from there to the Legislature for authorization. And then. the budget. as modified by the Legislature. after the approval of the Emperor, returned to the Chosun Government-General for execution. The Chosun Government-General's experience in carrying out the budget is then subject to closed examination by the Legislature and audit by the General Audit Office. The budgeting administration of the Chosun Government-General was in charge of the Governor-General who was appointed by the Emperor of Japan. In accordance with the basic framework of the Chosun Government-General. the Departments. Bureaus and Sections as augxiliary organizations which were reorganized to the Bureaus and Sections in 1919 A.D. were responsible to the Governor and charged with the actual administration. As far as budget concerned a Account Section subjected to the Finance Bureau under the Governor-General was in charge of the detailed budgeting administration including health and medical affairs On the other hand, in the case of local administration units, such as Provinces, Municipalities and Towns, the Local Expenditures were independently institutionalized from the Special Accounts of the Chosun Government-General. In this Local Expenditures it could be also used for the matters of the health and medical affairs. According to an examination by the functional classifications. it reveals that amongst the total expenditures of the Special Accounts of Chosun Government-General, the portion of health and medical expenditures were occupied roughly 1.0 to 1.5 % during the 1911 to 1927 FY. and 0.3 to 0.7 % during the 1928 to 1940 FY. Those decreasing of health and medical expenditures after the 1928 FY was caused by the increasing of expenditures for war against Manchuria. China and America. In the case of local expenditures. the ratio of health and medical costs among the total amounts of all sorts of Local Expenditures for the FY 1943 was about 5.1 %. (2) Exclusion of Korean's participation in the budgetary process of the Chosun Government-General During the period of Japanese domination. Japan had not allowed to Korean peoples to be the members of the legislature either Diet or Senate of Japan. and then Korean peoples could not be participated in the formation of the budget of the Chosun Government-General. Even though there was a Central Council named the Privy Council in the Chosun Government-General. but it was nothing but an advisory body for the Governor-General. and its members were appointed by him from among prominent pro-Japanese Koreans. So. there was no any lagislative body or agency of any kind through which the Korean peoples could express their wills in the processing of budgetary formation in the central administration. Nevertheless. in the local administration. there were some kind of Koeran's participation route in budgetary processing through "Local Expenditures" system and Local Council systems as a pseudo-self local government institutions. The Provincial Governor was advised by a Provincial Council in conjunction with local matters including local expenditures. But in this case two-thirds of its members were elected and one-third appointed by the Governor. Below the Provinces. there were the municipalities. and towns and townships below the Counties. The head of municipalities were appointed by the Province Governor with the approval of the Governor-General and only some of the members of the Municipal Councils were elected. The heads of towns and townships also appointed respectively in the same manners. The part of members of the Town Councils and Townships Councils were elected. However. the franchise was strictly limited. Only male residents of at least twenty five years old. paying at least five yen in property taxes. were allowed to vote in the elections. Besides. the each Councils were only advisory capacities in practice. Accordingly this was a faraway from anything like real self-local administration in democratic manners. Therefore. there was no any full participation measures in the operation of the health and medical expenditures in local administration.

在庫資産會計의 課題 : 槪念과 範圍에 關한 問題點

李仁淳 慶北專門大學 (영주경상전문대학) 1977 慶北專門大學 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

The inventories are the object of every activity concerned wilh production and merchandising of all businesses. As they show a diversity in their nature and forms it is inevitable for every trade lo be different in the object and the period of holding them, and in conditios of their transactions. Accordingly there have been divergent views on this field, in the light of accounting. Considering the essential part of these problems to be those related to the concept and category of inventories, this paper has investigated the following: Most of the problems in inventory accounting result from the conceptual obscurity of inventories, and so, this paper clarified the concept and nature of them. As the problems of accounting can't have absolute trustfulness, as of natural sciences, they have been dealt with by the universally valid practices or the prevailing opinions among the scholars of accountancy. Thus, this paper has made clear the theories on the category of inventories. The major problems concerned with the category of the inventories arise from the differences between the legal interpretation and accounting theories on it. Legally assets are divided into property and real estate, and the latter isn't considered goods. In accounting theories, however, it becomes goods, the inventory, when it is the object of merchandising in every day business, be it legally a real estate. Besides, the problems are resulted from the fact that the legal interpretation does not always accord with accounting practices on the criteria of inventories in connection with the transfer of ownership: Accounting practices do not follow purely legal interpretation for goods to arrive on FOB, and so apply Criterion of Receit to purchase goods, and merchandising goods are made inventories up to the Criterion of Shipment. And the segregated goods are dealt with Criterion of Shipment becausc of the inconveniencs roused in legal interpretation, of certifying every transfer of ownership. Thus, inspite of the fact that it is theoretically desirable to consider legal interpretaion as the criterion for the category of inventories, there arise difficult problems in accounting practices. Accordingly, it can be suggested not to entirely depend on leal interpretation, so far as it does not violate the principles of accounting, nor distort accounting materials. The second problem lies in the diffcrence of views on the concept of inventories. That is, there appear two opposing views on stored goods(articles of comsumption) by the intcrpretations of inventories either in a broad sense or in a narrow one. In a narrow sense, the articles of consumption directly used in manufacturing goods are included in the inventories, but expendables for factory, Packing and shipping, and office supplies are not. In a broad sense, however, the expendables which aren't directly consumed are included in the inventories. This conceptual problem should be clarified by the features which distinguish inventories from fixed property. Fixed property is the facilities which make productio possible through their function, while the inventories are the materials, Put into Production facilities, treated and made into marketing goods. Thus, the inventories are thc assets businesses retain for the purpose of merchandising, and those consumed in manufacturing goods for merchandising, which are definite in decrease of quantity.

위암종과 Epstein-Barr 바이러스와의 연관성에 대한 연구

심광용,김호영,김효열,백순구,권상옥,조미연,이창훈,이종인 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2004 건국의과학학술지 Vol.14 No.-

Objectives: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been known to be linked to a spectrum of neoplastic conditions, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. This study aims to investigate the association of EBV with gastric carcinoma in Korea. Methods: Fifty-three cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were studied for evidence of EBV infection by EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization (ISH) on the paraffin sections and amplifying the EBV genome encoding envelop glycoprotein (gp220) with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in fresh gastric cancer specimens. Results: EBER was detected in 7 (13.2%) of 53 gastric carcinomas and all cases were male. In 6 (85.7%) of 7 EBER-positive cases, the tumors were located in the upper and middle part of the stomach. EBER ISH study showed strong positivity in all the tumor cells, but negativity in surrouning lymphocytes, stromal cells and normal gastric mucosa. DNA PCR was positive in 23 (43.4%) of 53 gastric carcinomas, including all of 7 EBER-positive cases. Conclusion: We could observe some association of EBV with gastric carcinoma, and our findings about the charateristics of EBV-positive gastric cancers involving sex, site and histological type are similar to those in Japan. However, EBV-positive rate of gastric cancer is higher than in Japan and lower than in Western countries. Further studies to elucidate oncogenic mechanism of EBV in gastric cancer should be performed.

도시지역 일부 고등학생들의 우울과 불안에 관한 조사 연구

곽은주,송인순,정용준,조영채 韓國保健敎育.健康增進學會 2003 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.20 No.2

This study has examined the degree of depression and anxiety among high school students in an urban area and then explored the factors influencing their depression and/or anxiety status. Self-administered questionnaires were offered to 2,381 students from ten high schools in Daejon Metropolitan City. The items for investigation included such factors as various characteristics of school and family life, daily life style, and the degree of depression and anxiety. Based on the study results, the following conclusions were made; 1. The distribution according to the depression degree has shown that 61.9% of students were normal, 32.9% of students had mild depression, 5.0% moderate depression, and 0.3% severe depression. As for anxiety, 40.2% of students were normal, while 19.1% were classified as having anxiety and 40.7% borderline anxiety. 2. As regards to the degree of depression and anxiety, it was greater in girls than boys, in 3rd graders than 1st and 2nd graders, and in the groups who have recieved lower grades in studies, who had poor relations with their friends and a low feeling of satisfaction with school life. In particular, concerning various characteristics of family life, the scores of depression and anxiety were higher in the groups whose financial conditions were poor, whose parents' interests were lower, whose degree of satisfaction with their family and school life was lower, than their counterparts. 3. According to their life styles higher scores of depression and anxiety were found in the groups whose sleeping time was inappropriate, whose breakfasts were skipped, who ate daily snacks, who didn't take regular exercises, and who had poor health habits, compared to their counterparts, respectively. 4. As for the correlation between the degree of depression and its associated variables, the higher scores of depression were in positive correlation with the groups who had lower grades in studies, poor relation with their friends, low feeling of satisfaction with school and home life, low parents' interest, poor subjective condition of health, breakfast skipping, lack of regular exercises, and lower indices of health habits. 5. As for anxiety, the higher scores of anxiety were in the positive correlation with the groups with poor relation with their friends, low feeling of satisfaction with school and family life, poor subjective condition of health, lack of regular exercises, and poor health habits. 6. The influential factors on the depression of students were selected such as subjective condition of health, sex, feeling of satisfaction with family and school life, grades in studies, relation with their friends, presence of regular exercises, degree of interest of parents, sleeping time, cigarette smoking and eating breakfast. 7. The influential factors on the anxiety state of students were selected such as subjective condition of health, feeling of satisfaction with family and school life, sex, sleeping time, regular exercises, cigarette smoking, snacking and relations with their friends. The present study results suggest that girls rather than boys, higher graders than lower ones are more vulnerable to anxiety and depression state, and besides, various characteristics of school and family life, and daily life style can be influential on students' emotional states. Therefore, better management of psychological status of students is thought to require a wide variety of measures to modify the influencing factors and to encourage social support.

男子 中,高等學生의 體型에 관한 硏究

兪承熙,李仁淳 경희대학교 체육과학연구소 1993 體育學論文集 Vol.21 No.-

The objectives of this study were to research on the somatotype of male middle and high school students. For this purpose, the writer surveyed the Heath-Carter Anthropometric somatotype method of male middle and high school students in In-Chon. The total 300 male middle and high school students were selected and measured. The conclusion of this study were as follows; 1.Body Height of each ages were 152.86±7.89cm/in 13years old, 161.44±6.97cm/in 14years old, 166.26±6.58cm/in 15years old, 170.72±5.66cm/in 16years old, 171.34±5.89cm/in 17years old, 172.03±5.32cm/in 18years old. 2.Body Weight of each ages were 45.29±9.72kg/in 13years old, 52.20±11.30kg/in 14years old, 56.40±7.63kg/in tyears old, 59.30±9.75kg/in 16years old, 62.70±10.10kg/in 17years old, 63.60±9.85kg/in 18years old. 3.Chest girth of each ages were 73.79±6.83cm/in 13years old, 78.01±7.63cm/in 14years old, 83.63±7.46cm/in 15years old, 83,96±6.33cm/in 16years old, 86.41±6.42cm/in 17 years old, 87.48±6.74cm/in 18years old. 4.It was M(mean body somatotype). 3.50-4.91-3.06 in 13-year old students, M.3.88-4.93-3.35 in 15-year old students, M.3.71-4.41-3.61 in 16-year old students, M. 3.92-4.58-3.19 in 17- year old students, M. 3.91-4.92-3.14 in 18-year old students were revealed as endomorphic Mesomorph, the only 14-year old students were revealed as balanced Mesomorph, the last were revealed as Endomorphic Mesomorph. 5.As above mention was generalization, the Mean body somatotype was 42.67% in Endomorph, 43.67% in Mesomorph, 12% in Ectomorph, 1.67% in Central type.