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Why Korean Is Not a Regular Language: A Proof
( Yongkyoon No ) 한국언어정보학회 2001 언어와 정보 Vol.5 No.2
Natural Language string sets are known to require a grammar with a generative capacity slightly beyond that of Context Free Grammars. Proofs regarding complexity of natural language have involved particular properties of languages like English, Swiss German and Bambara. While it is not very difficult to prove that Korean is more complex that the simplest of the many infinite sets, no proof has been given of this in the literature. I identify two types of center embedding in Korean and use them in proving that Korean is not a regular set, i.e. that no FSA`s can recognize its string set. The regular language I salam I (I salam ul)<sup>j</sup> michi (key ha)<sup>k</sup>essta is intersected with Korean to give {I salam I (i salam ul)<sup>j</sup> michi (key ha)<sup>k</sup> essta | j, k ≥ 0 and j ≤ k}. This latter language is proved to be nonregular. As the class regular sets is closed under intersection, Korean cannot be regular. (Chungnam National University)
In, Yongkyoon,Loarte, A.,Lee, H.H.,Kim, K.,Jeon, Y.M.,Park, J.-K.,Ahn, J.-W.,Park, G.Y.,Kim, M.,Park, H. International Atomic Energy Agency 2019 Nuclear fusion Vol.59 No.12
<P>KSTAR has demonstrated divertor heat flux broadening during edge-localized mode (ELM) crash suppression using ITER-like three-row resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) for the first time. To address a couple of critical issues in ITER RMP, robust ELM-crash-suppression methodology has been explored at low <I>q</I> <SUB>95</SUB> and established in KSTAR using low-<I>n</I> RMPs. Taking full advantage of the ITER-like three-row in-vessel control coils (IVCC) in KSTAR, a set of intentionally misaligned RMP configurations (IMC) was tested to investigate whether or not IMC could be compatible with ELM crash suppression, while minimizing electromagnetic loads on RMP coils. As a result, the ITER-like three-row IMCs were found not only to have been compatible with the ELM crash suppression, but also to have broadened the divertor heat fluxes in the vicinity of the outer strike point. In comparison, the two-row RMPs have rarely affected the near scrape-off layer (SOL) heat flux despite slightly broadened profile change in the far-SOL. Since the divertor heat flux broadening reflects the dispersal of the peaked near-SOL heat flux, the experimental outcome is quite favorable to the ITER choice of three rows, instead of two rows. Nonetheless, since the IMC-driven broadening observed in the attached plasmas in KSTAR might appear substantially different in the partially detached plasmas in ITER, additional investigation has been conducted to see if RMP-driven, ELM crash suppression could be compatible with detached plasmas. Although no detached plasmas have been identified with ELM crash suppression yet, significantly reduced divertor heat flux was confirmed in high density, ELM-crash-suppressed plasmas at <I>q</I> <SUB>95</SUB> = 3.4 using <I>n</I> = 2 RMPs. These new findings elevate the confidence level about the ITER RMP system, while the remaining uncertainties need to be further clarified using the three-row IVCCs in KSTAR.</P>
한국어 동사와 명사 사이의 하위범주화에 있어서의 평행성
노용균 ( No Yongkyoon ) 한국언어정보학회 1997 언어와 정보 Vol.1 No.1
Nouns in the Korean language are subcategorized for various frames (called SUBCAT lists) in much the same way as verbs are. Assuming a monostratal grammar and building on analyses of various ‘little elements’ as clitics, such as the ones given by No(1991), Chae(1995,1996) and Oh(1991), I delineate the ranges if SUBCAT lists for the Korean verbs and nouns and show that the two word-classes have heavily overlapping frame. Twenty five SUBCAT lists are identified for verbs, and twenty four for nouns, of which twenty three find associated lexical items in both. By way of justification, I offer analyses of noun-verb collocations in terms of the new five-valued syntactic feature COLLOC along with SUBCAT, which subsume ‘light verb’ constructions. It is hoped that this work will have given clear syntactic underpinnings to those who are concerned with practical lexicography. (Chungnam National University)
낱말·패러다임 형태이론에 입각한 영어동사 굴절 해석 프로그램의 구현
노용균 ( No Yongkyoon ) 한국언어정보학회 1998 언어와 정보 Vol.2 No.2
The morphological analyzer is expected to tell attested word forms from imaginable yet unattested ones. An account of the inflectional morphology of English verbs is given in the framework of Word-and-Paradigm Morphology, developed mainly by Matthews (1972, 1974, 1991) and further by Aronoff (1994) and Zwicky (1985, 1988), which is free of overrecognition. Thirteen inflectional classes are identified according to the patterns each of them exhibits in filling the slots in the paradigm. Peculiarity in orthography is also considered in assigning each verb lexeme to a class. Modules of a C program which gives associated morphosyntactic properties to all and only attested verb forms are written so that details of this framework can be evaluated explicitly. This program is shown to be superior to existing programs in economy and in the generality it achieves. (Chungnam National University)
Overview of recent progress in 3D field physics in KSTAR
Park Gunyoung,In Yongkyoon,Park Jong-Kyu,Ko Won-Ha,Lee Jaehyun,Kim Minwoo,Shin Giwook,Hahn Sang-Hee,Kim SangKyeun,Yang Seong Moo,Hu Qiming,Rhee Tongnyeol,Choi Minjun J.,Kim Kimin,Lee Hyung-Ho,Jeon You 한국물리학회 2022 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.80 No.8
Various 3D field physics challenges of magnetically confined plasmas arise when the driving source comes from either externally applied non-axisymmetric 3D magnetic perturbations or plasma instabilities inside the plasma. Recently, several key outstanding topics of 3D field physics have been extensively studied in the Korean Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR), such as edge-localized-mode (ELM) control by resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP), error field (EF) control, 3D field effects on rotation and transport, and RMP-induced alteration of divertor heat flux and detachment. KSTAR has a few physically unique features (i.e., high rotation and long-pulse plasmas with a low intrinsic EF) and machine/diagnostic capabilities (i.e., 3-row in-vessel control coil and state-of-the-art 2D/3D imaging diagnostics), which have been taken advantage of until now to address critical 3D field physics issues relevant to ITER and K-DEMO. Among many remarkable achievements are the robust access to and control of n = 1 RMP ELM suppression, along with a development of its physics basis tools, parameter expansion, optimization, and long-pulse control techniques. Nonetheless, a series of unresolved 3D physics themes, as well as limited coverage of 3D field operating regimes, have also been identified as future works for the 3D field research in KSTAR. In this paper, we provide an overview about the recent progress of KSTAR 3D field physics and present future plans of KSTAR 3D research toward a future fusion reactor.
유량이 일정한 상향 원형노즐 분류에 의한 하향 등온원형평면에서의 열전달 현상에 관한 연구
이인재(InJae Lee),엄용균(YongKyoon Eom) 대한설비공학회 2015 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.11
The impingement of circular, liquid jets provide a convenient method of cooling surface. The method of transfer by impinging jet has wide applications such as cooling of aircraft parts, steel manufacturing process, in film and paper manufacturing process, cooling of semiconductor and cooling of the solar cells. The heat transfer phenomenon was investigated in this study when a single round water jet with the fixed flow rate and downward facing Isothermal of definite thickness circular plate. Experimental investigation is performed for a single round jet diameter 4 mm, 6 mm, and 8 mm with the fixed jet flow rate 5.6 L/min and jet fluid temperature of 24 ℃, varied the ratio of nozzle clearance/nozzle diameter(H/D) 1, 3 and 8, on circular plate isothermal condition with 60 ℃, 70 ℃ and 80 ℃. The local heat transfer distributions are analyzed based on the visualization of jet flow field.