조선시대 사상에 나타난 여성관 19세기 개화사상에 나타난 여성관

이배용 ( Bae Yong Lee ) 한국사상사학회 2003 韓國思想史學 Vol.0 No.20

정신분열병 환자에서 가족력, 산과적 합병증 및 신체미세기형의 관련성에 관한 연구

안용민,김용식,정희연,신지용,윤세창,배안,이중서,주은정,이창인 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.2

연구목적 : 저자들은 태생기 동안에 받는 유전외적 요인, 즉 환경적 요인이 산발성 정신분열병 환자들의 발병에 크게 관여할 것이라고 가정하였다. 이를 검증하기 위하여 형제 중 1인 이상이 발병하여 가족력을 분명히 알 수 있는 정신분열병 환자군(이하 형제 환자군)과 가족력이 없는 산발성 정신분열병 환자군(이하 산발성 환자군) 및 정상대조군을 대상으로 산과적 합병증, 신체미세기형 및 정신분열병의 임상 양상을 비교하였다. 방 법 : 연구 대상은 형제 환자군 43명(남 22명, 여 21명), 산발성 환자군 43명(남 23명, 여 20명), 정상대조군 43명(남 20명, 여 23명)이었다. 산과적 합병증은 Lewis 척도를 이용하여 평가하였고 신체미세기형은 Waldrop 척도를 이용하여 측정하였다. 임상 양상으로서 발병 연령, 병전 기능 수준, 정신병리, 약물에 대한 반응, 회복시의 전반적 기능 수준, 지연성 운동장애의 유무를 평가하였다. 결 과 : 정상대조군과 정신분열병 환자군 전체를 비교하였을 때 산과적 합병증과 신체미세기형의 총점과 각 소항목의 점수에 차이가 없었다. 산발성 환자군과 형제 환자군을 비교하였을 때 산과적 합병증의 전체 점수에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 출생 당시에 태아가 받은 스트레스 항목의 점수가 산발성 환자군에서 유의하게 높았다. 신체미세기형에서는 전체 점수 및 입의 미세기형 점수가 산발성 환자군에서 유의하게 높았다. 신체미세기형의 전체 점수가 4점 이상인 환자수도 산발성 환자군에서 높은 경향성을 보였다. 산과적 합병증과 신체미세기형 사이의 상호 연관성은 찾을 수 없었다. 정신분열병의 임상 양상 중에서는 Krawiecka 척도의 총점 및 양성 증상 점수와 회복시의 전반적 기능 수준만이 형제 환자군에 비해 산발성 환자군에서 유의하게 높았다. 성별에 따라서는 형제 환자군에서 남자 환자의 산과적 합병증이 유의하게 높았다. 결 론 : 본 연구를 통해 산과적 합병증 및 신체미세기형 연구가 정신분열병의 원인을 규명하기 위한 유용한 방법임이 시사되었지만, 가족력, 산과적 합병증 및 신체미세기형의 관련성에 대해서는 분명한 결론을 내리지 못하였다. The authors hypothesized that sporadic schizophrenic patients had more chances of receiving environmental insults during the fetal neural development compared with familial schizophrenics. We tested our hypothesis by comparing obstetric complications(OCs), minor physical anomalies(MPAs) and other clinical features, and examining the correlation between OCs and MPAs in schizophrenic patients who had one or more sibling with schizophrenia(sibling group) and sporadic schizophrenics(sporadic group) and normal controls. OCs were evaluated by the scale of Lewis, and MPAs were measured by the Waldrop scale. There were no significant difference in OCs and MPAs between schizophrenic and control groups. Sporadic group had significantly higher fetal distress, total Waldrop score and Waldrop score for mouth than sibling group. And there was a tendency that the number of subjects having the Waldrop score over 4 points was greater in the sporadic group. No significant correlation was observed between CCs and MPAs. The scores of initial psychopathology and post-treatment functioning were much higher in the sporadic group, but the other clinical feature showed no difference. Although male patients had more OCs than female patients in sibling group, no sex difference were observed as a whole. Our results suggest that, if the methodological weakness were complemented, OCs and MPAs would be useful tools in the search for the cause of schizophrenia.

Accuracy on the Edge Detection of Topography for Digital Map Manufacture

Park, Woon-Yong,Song, Youn-Kyung,Bae, Kyung-Ho,Kim, Yong-Suk 東亞大學校 建設技術硏究所 2005 硏究論文集 Vol.28 No.2

Currently, digital maps in the metropolitan area are supposed to be revised and renewed every two years, but it is difficulty for the renewal of current information to keep pace with the quickly changing society and so, one of the alternative methods being discussed is a digital map produced using high resolution satellites. The biggest problem in the production of digital maps using high resolution satellite images is the difficulty of production in vector resource format through edge detection of satellite images, a Raster data. In this study, topographical boundaries were detected through edge detection of the satellite image, and after vectorliezing using the screen digitizing method, the results were evaluated and compared to the digital map from the NGII(National Geographic Information Institute) for accuracy.

급성하벽심근경색에서 전흉부유도 ST절 하강의 의의

정병천,배호상,곽동훈,김영태,배용학,황종현,임현주,류재근,조용근,채성철,전재은,박의현 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1997 慶北醫大誌 Vol.38 No.2

목적 : 급성하벽심근경색증 환자에서 심전도상 흔히 동반되는 전흉부유도 ST절 하강의 의의를 알아보았다. 방법 : 심근경색후 24시간에서 48시간에 얻은 심전도를 기준으로 52명의 급성하벽심근경색증 환자를 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 있는 군과 없는 군으로 나누었으며 심도자, 관상동맥조영술, 심초음파도 및 방사성 핵종을 이용한 좌심구혈율 측정 등을 시행하였다. 결과 : 1) 좌심실확장기말압은 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 있는 경우에서 16.9±5.33mmHg로 없는 경우의 11.0±4.02mmHg보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 그러나 운동량 및 좌심구혈을은 흥부 유도상 ST절의 하강이 있는 경우 7.6±3.0 METs 및 53.9±9.1%로 없는 경우의 9.1±2.7 METs 및 54.6±9.5%보다 낮았으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다(p=0.180, p=0.823). 2) 관상동맥조영술상 전흉부 ST절의 하강이 동반된 군에서는 유의한 좌전하행지나 좌회선지의 협착이 있는 경우가 60.9% 및 57.9%로 ST절의 하강이 없는 군에서의 34.5% 및 7.7%와 비교해 좌관상동맥에 협착이 동반된 경우가 많았다(p=0.050, p=0.001). 3) 관상동맥조영술상 세 혈관질환의 빈도는 흉부유도상 ST절의 하강을 보인 23예에서 10예로 ST절 하강이 없었던 29예중 2예에 비하여 유의하게 많았고(P=0.007), 단 혈관질환의 빈도는 ST절의 하강을 보인 군에서 23예중 5예로 ST절 하강이 없었던 29예중 17예에 비하여 유의하게 적었다(P=0.002). 두 혈관질환의 경우에는 각각 8예와 10예로 양군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4) 흉부유도상 ST절 하강의 빈도는 단 혈관질환 22예 중 5예에서, 두 혈관질환 18예중 8예, 세 혈관질환 12예 중 10예에서 관찰되어 협착이 있는 관상동맥의 수가 많을수록 ST절의 하강이 나타나는 빈도가 많음을 보였다(p=0.00308). 그러나 흉부유도상 나타난 ST절의 하강을 모두 합하여 구한 ST절 하강의 합은 협착이 있는 관상동맥의 수와 통계적인 유의성이 없었다. 5) 심초음파도상 좌심실 하벽의 벽운동은 ST절 하강을 보인 군에서는 akinesia가 83.3%, hypokinesia가 11.1%, 정상 벽운동이 5.6%로, ST절 하강이 없었던 군에서의 dyskinesia가 3.6%, akinesia가 39.3%, hypokinesia가 25.0%, 정상 벽운동이 32.1%와 비교하여 ST절의 하강이 있는 군에서 유의하게 벽운동의 장애가 빈번함을 보였다(p=0.03891). 그러나 좌심실전벽, 측벽 및 중격부위에서는 유의한 벽운동의 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 급성하벽심근경색증 환자의 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 동반되는 경우 다혈관 질환의 가능성이 높으며 좌심실확장기말압이 상승되었고 운동능력은 감소되어 있었다. 또한 심초음파도상 좌심실하벽의 벽운동장애도 심하였다. 따라서 전흉부 ST절의 하강을 동반한 급성하벽심근경색증 환자는 전흉부유도에 ST절 하강이 없는 경우보다 예후가 불량할 것으로 생각되며, 보다 적극적인 치료가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of precordial ST segment depression appearing during acute inferior myocardial infarction and to assess the correlation of that with angiographic finding. 52 patients were allocated into two groups based on the existence of precordial ST segment depression : 23 patients with ST segment depression and 29 patients without ST segment depression. The extent of coronary artery disease as well as the prevalence of significant stenosis (≥70%) in left anterior descending artery were more frequent in patients showing precordial ST segment depression than in patients not showing them (p=0.050) and the result were similar in cases of left circumplex artery (p=0.001). On echocrdiographic examination of left ventricular (LV) wall motion, it showed more severely decreased inferior LV wall motion in patients showing precordial ST segment depression than in patients not showing them (p=0.03891) even though the other segment of LV wall motion didn't show the statistical difference between both groups. The other cardiac parameters such as LVEDP, exercise amount (METs) and ejection fraction were tend to showing bad profile in patients with precordial ST segment depression. From the above results, we could deduce that patients with precordial ST segment depression have relatively large infarction or concomitant left coronary artery disease, so they need more caution and intensive theraphy.

老人福祉의 現況과 政策 : Its Present Condition and Policy

裵龍光 慶北大學校 東洋文化硏究所 1980 東洋文化硏究 Vol.7 No.-

Ⅰ. Introduction The system of the aged people's welfare is devided to three fields. That is, income security, medical security and other welfare services. Ⅱ. Welfare policy for the aged in advanced industrialized societies 1. United States of America (i) Income security Social security pensions; The Employee Retirement Income Security Act; Supplemental Security Income (ⅱ) Medical security Medicare Hospital Insurance; Supplementary Medical Insurance; Non-hospital medical services; Homes for the Aged; Federal Food Stamp Program (ⅲ) Other welfare services Senior Center; Golden Age Club or Senior Citizen Club; The Foster Grandparent Program & the Senior Aides Program 2. England (i) Income security State Retirement Pension; New State Pension Scheme (ⅱ) Medical security Free medical treatment to all people; Primary health-care team to the old (ⅲ) Other welfare services Many personal services-domestic help, sitters in, washing, etc. Grouped flat-scheme; Old people's residential homes; Employment Service Agency 3. Denmark (i) Income security The Old Age Assistance Act (ⅱ) Medical security Health insurance system-sickness benefit (ⅲ) Other welfare services Home-help service; pensioner's travels; pensioner's dwelling; blocks of service flats 4. Sweden (ⅰ) Income security Basic pension; Supplementary pension; Partial pension (ⅱ) Medical security Natinal Insurance Act; Home nursing, day medical care, rehabilitation treatment; Case-finding program (ⅲ) Other welfare services Dwelling-ordinary dwelling, pensioner's dwelling, old-age residential home; Day center; Technical aid center 5. France (ⅰ) Income security Old-age pension by social security (ⅱ) Medical security National Sickness Insurance Fund (ⅲ) Other welfare services Social protection-assistance plan Financial aid during "vacance"; transportation aid; leisure and cultivation 6. Japan (ⅰ) Income security National pension system (ⅱ) Medical security Health diagnosis (free of charge) (ⅲ) Other welfare services Old age center or Senior club; Homes for the aged; Home helper; Other senior aids Ⅲ. The present condition of the aged people's welfare in our country 1. Public assistance -facilities help, home help, medical help, etc. 2. Social Insurance Medical insurance is not available yet. However, "the old-age pension" will be paid from 1981 by the enactment of "The National Welfare Pension Act." Ⅳ. Attitudes of the old (respondent) to the welfare problem 1. Preference between home and facilities: home 84.1%, facilities 14.6% 2. The reason of home preference: psychological comfort 70.1% 3. Who is expected to enter facilities? the applicant 76.3% 4. How about "old people's home?" prefer 39.3%, don't prefer 47.5% 5. Expectations to the Government: (ⅰ) free medical·treatment 25.7% (ⅱ) support for living expenses 19.8% Ⅴ. Proposals for the future of the old people's welfare 1. Income security (ⅰ) Expansion of the expenditure for social security (ⅱ) Enactment of "the Act for the Old People's Welfare" (ⅲ) Reinforcement of the pension system (ⅳ) Reasonable adjustment to the age limit system 2. Medical security Institutional and more positive policy is preferable. 3. Other welfare services. The policy which makes maintenance of "the support of the old by living together" possible is expected.

日帝下 驛屯土拂下와 그 귀결

裵英淳 嶺南大學校社會科學硏究所 1982 社會科學硏究 Vol.2 No.2

직접치수복조재에 따른 비글견 치수의 조직반응에 대한 연구

배지현,김영균,윤필영,조병훈,최용훈 大韓齒科保存學會 2010 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.35 No.1

본 연구에서는 인위적으로 노출시킨 비글견의 치수조직을 기존의 수산화칼슘제재와 MTA, 접착성 레진, 광중합형 수산화칼슘제재를 사용하여 직접치수복조한 후 각 재료에 따른 치수의 반응을 광학현미경 하에서 조직학적으로 관찰하여 비교분석하였다. 2마리 비글견의 36개 치아를 이용하여, 실험적으로 치수를 노출시키고 노출된 치수에 치수복조재를 적용한 후 와동은 복합레진으로 충전하여 직접치수복조술을 시행하였다: (1) Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA: ProRoot MTA, Dentsply, Tulsa, USA), (2) Clearfil SE Bond (Dentin adhesive system: Kuraray, Osaka, Japan), (3) Ultra-Blend (Photopolymerized Calcium hydroxide: Ultradent, South Jordan, USA), (4) Dycal (Quick setting Calcium hydroxide: LD Caulk Co., Milford, USA). 희생전 90일, 30일, 7일 전에 각 복조재별로 3개씩의 와동을 충전하였고 비글견을 희생시키고 조직시편을 제작하였다. 시편을 H&E 염색 후 광학 현미경으로 치수염증반응과 경조직 형성 정도를 관찰하였다. MTA 군은 초기에는 경조직 형성이 관찰되지 않고 치수조직의 위축과 부분괴사가 관찰되었으나 시간이 지나면서 경조직 형성이 관찰되었다. Clearfil SE Bond군은 초기에 염증세포의 침윤과 치수세포의 괴사를 관찰할 수 있었고 시간이 지날수록 치수 세포의 괴사가 더욱 진행한 양상을 보였다. Ultra-blend 군과 Dycal 군은 MTA 군과 비슷하게 초기에는 경조직 형성을 보이지 않고 중등도의 염증반응이 관찰되었으며 시간이 지나면서 경조직 형성이 관찰되었다. MTA, 수산화칼슘제재와 광중합 수산화칼슘제재는 초기의 치수염증반응 이후 조상아세포층, 상아질교 형성을 보여 직접치수복조재로 적당하였으며, 접착성 레진은 심한 염증반응과 치수 조직의 괴사 양상을 보여 직접치수복조재로 부적당하다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pulp tissue reaction to direct pulp capping of mechanically exposed beagle dogs' pulp with several capping materials. A total of 36 teeth of 2 healthy beagle dongs were used. The mechanically exposed pulps were capped with one of the followings: (1) Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA: ProRoot MTA. Dentsply, Tulsa, USA), (2) Clearfil SE Bond (Dentin adhesive system: Kuraray, Osaka, Japan), (3) Ultra-Blend (Photo-polymerized Calcium hydroxide: Ultradent, South Jordan, USA), (4) Dycal (Quick setting Calcium hydroxide: LD Caulk Co., Milford, USA) at 7, 30, and 90 days before sacrificing. The cavities were restored with Z350 flowable composite resin (3M ESPE, St. Paul. MN, USA). After the beagle dogs were sacrificed, the extracted teeth were fixed, decalcified, prepared for histological examination and stained with HE stain. The pulpal tissue responses to direct pulp capping materials were assessed. In MTA calcium hydroxide, and photo-polymerized calcium hydroxide groups, initial mild inflammatory cell infiltration, newly formed odontoblast-like cell layer and hard tissue bridge formation were observed. Compared with dentin adhesive system, these materials were biocompatible and good for pulp tissue regeneration. In dentin adhesive system group, severe inflammatory cell infiltration, pulp tissue degeneration and pulp tissue necrosis were observed. It seemed evident that application of dentin adhesive system in direct pulp capping of beagle dog teeth cannot lead to acceptable repair of the pulp tissue with dentine bridge formation.

지적보전시스템의 실시간 다중고장진단 기법 개발

배용환 한국안전학회 2004 한국안전학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Modem production systems are very complex by request of automation, and failure modes that occur in thisautomatic system are very various and complex. The efficient fault diagnosis for these complex systems is essential for productivity loss prevention and cost saving. Traditional fault diagnostic system which performs sequential fault diagnosis can cause catastrophic failure during diagnosis when fault propagation is very fast . This paper describes the Real-time Intelligent Multiple Fault Diagnosis System (RIMFDS). RIMFDS assesses current machine condition by using sensor signals. This system deals with multiple fault diagnosis, comprising of two main parts. One is a personal computer for remote signal generation and transmission and the other is a host system for multiple fault diagnosis. The signal generator generates various faulty signals and image information and sends them to the host. The host has various modules and agents for efficient multiple fault diagnosis. A SUN workstation is used as a host for multiple fault diagnosis and graphic representation of the results. RIMFDS diagnoses multiple faults with fast fault propagation and complex physical phenomenon. The new system based on multiprocessing diagnoses by using Hierarchical Artificial Neural Network (HANN)

韓國中部地域에 分布된 水素生成能 光合成 細菌의 分離 및 同定

裵武,金容孝 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1985 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.36 No.-

서울, 성남, 인천근교의 논, 호수, 바다등에서 시료를 취하여 광합성능과 수소생성능이 있는 purple nonsulfur bacteria를 분리하여 그중 수소생성능이 뛰어난 K-7을 분리, 동정하였다. 균주 K-7은 간균으로서 운동성이 있었고, bacteriochlorophyll a를 가지고 있었다. Thiamine과 P-am-inobenzoic acid가 영양요구인자로서 필요하였고, sulfide에 의하여 성장이 억제되었으며, glucose, fructose, xylose등의 당을 이용할 수 있었으며, mannitol과 sorbitol도 이용할 수 있었다. 여러 생리학적시험 결과로, 균주K-7은 Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides로 동정되었다. A photosynthetic bacteria, evolving large quantities of molecular hydrogen under anaerobic and light illuminated conditions in the presence of utilizable organic compounds as electron donors, was isolated from the mud of a pond near Inchern. The organism has been studied on its taxonomical aspects. The organism (strain K-7) is a purple nonsulfur bacteria and the characteristics of its morphological types was rod or short rod-shaped, 0.3 to 0.6 ㎛ wide and 1.2 to 2.2 ㎛ long, and motile. The pigments consist of bacteriochlorophyll a and of carotenoids. Growth was inhibited by low concentrations of sulfide. Thiamine and p-aminobenzoic acid were required as growth factors. This organism grows either under the anaerobic light conditions or under the aerobic dark conditions. Cells are grown in malate (30mM) and glutamate (7mM). Glucose, fructose and xylose can be used as carbon sources. And, sorbitol and mannitol can be assimilated as well. The strain K-7 was identified as Phodopseudomonas sphaeroides by means of physiological and biochemical examination.

다람쥐 원숭이의 Bordetella bronchiseptica 감염 예 : Saimiri sciureus

배유찬,윤순식,이희수,진영화 한국임상수의학회 2003 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.20 No.4

A dead, female, 3 years old, squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) was submitted and examined. Before death the monkey has showed lethargy, recumbency and inappetence since November 14, 2001 and died in November 17. Grossly much fibrin was deposited on the pleura of right lung, pericardium, and diaphragm(pleural part). And reddening of right lung was seen. Histopathologically lung showed severe fibrinous pleuritis, severe edema, thrombosis, and focal necrosis in parenchyma. Also much fibrin and mononuclear cells were deposited on the pericardium. In bacterial culture on the pleura and parenchyma of lung, and pericardium, B. bronchiseptica was isolated. Therefore we confirmed this case as the fatal case by B. bronchiseptica in squirrel monkey.