Evaluation of steam pasteurization in controlling <i>Salmonella</i> serotype Enteritidis on raw almond surfaces

Chang, S.-S.,Han, A.R.,Reyes-De-Corcuera, J.I.,Powers, J.R.,Kang, D.-H. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Letters in applied microbiology Vol.50 No.4

<P>Abstract</P><P>Aim: </P><P>To investigate the efficacy of steam pasteurization for reducing <I>Salmonella</I> serotype Enteritidis on raw almond surfaces.</P><P>Methods and Results: </P><P>Nonpareil almonds were inoculated to 10<SUP>7–8</SUP> CFU g<SUP>−1</SUP> with a <I>Salm</I>.<I> </I>Enteritidis cocktail (<I>Salm. </I>Enteritidis 43353, ME-13, ME-14) or <I>Salm</I>.<I> </I>Enteritidis phage type 30, dried overnight and subjected to steam treatments through a pilot-sized vertical pasteurization machine for 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55 and 65 s to investigate the effect of steam on a single layer of almond. Survival of <I>Salm</I>.<I> </I>Enteritidis was evaluated with tryptic soy agar and xylose lysine desoxycholate overlay for total and healthy cells, respectively. No significant differences (<I>P</I> > 0·05) in reduction were observed between the <I>Salm. </I>Enteritidis cocktail and <I>Salm</I>. Enteritidis PT 30 inoculum. Reduction of <I>Salm. </I>Enteritidis increased as a function of treatment time, with 25 s being sufficient to achieve a 5-log reduction. Discolouration and visible formation of wrinkles were observed following steam pasteurization of more than 35 s.</P><P>Conclusions: </P><P>Steam pasteurization of 25 s is sufficient to achieve a 5-log reduction of <I>Salm. </I>Enteritidis inoculated on raw almonds without visual quality degradation.</P><P>Significance and Impact of the Study: </P><P>Steam pasteurization is an effective alternative to reduce or prevent <I>Salm. </I>Enteritidis contamination on raw almonds.</P>

Anti-inflammatory effects of Stephania tetrandra S. Moore on interleukin-6 production and experimental inflammatory disease models

Kang, H-S,Kim, Y-H,Lee, C-S,Lee, J-J,Choi, I.,Pyun, K-H 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1997 藥學論文集 Vol.13 No.-

DEREGULATION of interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression caused the synthesis and release of many inflammatory mediators. It is involved in chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and malignancy. Stephania tetrandra S. Moore is a Chinese medicinal herb which has been used traditionally as a remedy for neuralgia and arthritis in China. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of S. tetrandra S. Moore in vitro and in vivo, its effects on the production of Il-6 and inflammatory mediators were analysed. When human monocytes/macrophages stimulated with silica were treated with 0.1-10 ㎍/㎖ S. tetranda S. Moore, the production of IL-6 was inhibited up to 50%. At these concentrations, it had no cytotoxicity effect on these cells. It also suppressed the production of Il-6 by alveolar macrophages stimulated with silica. In addition, it inhibited the release of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide from human monocytes/macrophages. To assess the anti-fibrosis efects of S. tetrandra S. Moore, its effects on in vivo experimental inflammatory models were evaluated. In the experimental silicosis model, IL-6 activities in the sera and in the culture supernatants of pulmonary fibroblasts were also inhibited by it. In vitro and in vivo treatment of S. tetrandra S. Moore reduced collagen production by rat lung fibroblasts and lung tissue. Also, S. tetrandra S. Moore reduced the levels of serum GOT and GPT in the rat cirrhosis model induced by CCl_4, and it was effective in reducing hepatic fibrosis and nodular formation. Taken together, these data indicate that it has a potent antiinflammatory and anti-fibrosis effect by reducing IL-6 production.

Electrocatalytic activity of chemically deposited Cu_xS thin film for counter electrode in quantum dots-sensitized solar cells

Lim, I.,Lee, D.Y.,Patil, S.A.,Shrestha, N.K.,Kang, S.H.,Nah, Y.C.,Lee, W.,Han, S.H. Elsevier Science Publishers 2014 Materials chemistry and physics Vol.148 No.3

The compact (c-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S) and the porous (p-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S) with particle decorated films of coppers-ulfidearesynthesized using a chemical bath deposition technique, and the films are characterized using electrochemical techniques. In addition, the chemically deposited Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S films are investigated as a counter electrode in quantum dots-sensitized solar cells (QSSCs). The available redox active reaction sites of the p-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S film are found to be 57.9% higher than those available in the c-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S film. From the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the effective diffusion coefficients of the polysulfide electrolyte in the c-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S and p-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S films are estimated to be 3.67 x 10<SUP>-5</SUP> and 6.35 x 10<SUP>-5</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. These results can be ascribed to the improvement in the available redox active reaction sites and the electrocatalytic activity of the Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S counter electrode. As compared to the c-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S film, the p-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S film as a counter electrode exhibits an enhanced photovoltaic performance of the QSSCs with the power conversion efficiency of 3.17%, short-circuit current of 11.89 mA c<SUP>-</SUP>m<SUP>2</SUP>, open-circuit voltage of 0.50 V, and fill factor of 53.29. The improved performance of the QSSCs is ascribed to the improvements on the available redox active reaction sites, electrocatalytic activity and the diffusion coefficients, which are directly related to the surface morphology of the sulfide films.

Efficacy and safety findings from DREAM: a phase III study of DHP107 (oral paclitaxel) versus i.v. paclitaxel in patients with advanced gastric cancer after failure of first-line chemotherapy

Kang, Y.-K.,Ryu, M.-H.,Park, S.H.,Kim, J.G.,Kim, J.W.,Cho, S.-H.,Park, Y.-I.,Park, S.R.,Rha, S.Y.,Kang, M.J.,Cho, J.Y.,Kang, S.Y.,Roh, S.Y.,Ryoo, B.-Y.,Nam, B.-H.,Jo, Y.-W.,Yoon, K.-E.,Oh, S.C. Elsevier 2018 ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY Vol.29 No.5

<P>Conclusions: DHP107 as a second-line treatment of AGC was non-inferior to paclitaxel for PFS; other efficacy and safety parameters were comparable. DHP107 is the first oral paclitaxel with proven efficacy/safety for the treatment of AGC.</P>

Two NF-κB inhibitor-alpha (IκBα) genes from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus): Molecular characterization, genomic organization and mRNA expression analysis after immune stimulation

Lee, Y.,Umasuthan, N.,Whang, I.,Revathy, K.S.,Lee, S.,De Zoysa, M.,Oh, C.,Kang, D.H.,Noh, J.K.,Lee, J. Academic Press 2014 FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY Vol.41 No.2

IκBα is a member of IκB family, which sequesters NF-κB in an inactivate form in the cytoplasm and blocks the translocation of NF-κB to nucleus. The IκBα paralogs of rock bream (OfIκBα-A and OfIκBα-B) encoded IκBα proteins with typical features including, highly conserved IκB degradation motif, six ankyrin repeats and a PEST sequence. However, their amino acid identity and similarity were only 55.6 and 69.7%, respectively suggesting that these two genes could be the two different isoforms of IκBα. The number and size of the exons of OfIκBα-A and OfIκBα-B were conserved well with all the compared vertebrate species, although they have significantly different genomic sizes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that OfIκBα-A and OfIκBα-B proteins cluster with IκBα family members; however, they were grouped with different subclades in IκBα family. Tissue specific expression of OfIκBα mRNA was constitutively detected in all the tested tissues, and they showed the higher transcription level in heart, liver, gill and peripheral blood cells, respectively. The injection of flagellin stimulated the mRNA expression of OfIκBα paralogs in head kidney and intestine. Moreover, the OfIκBα mRNA expression in gill and liver was significantly up-regulated by LPS, poly I:C and Edwardsiella tarda challenges. The transcription of OfIκBα was up-regulated in early-phase of injection and then rapidly restored. These results suggest that the OfIκBα paralogs might be involved in rapid immune responsive reactions in rock bream against bacterial and viral pathogens.

Predictive risk factors for Listeria monocytogenes meningitis compared to pneumococcal meningitis: a multicenter case–control study

Lim, S.,Chung, D. R.,Kim, Y. S.,Sohn, K. M.,Kang, S. J.,Jung, S. I.,Kim, S. W.,Chang, H. H.,Lee, S. S.,Bae, I. G. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Infection Vol.45 No.1

<P>Patients with a prior history of receiving immunosuppressive therapy within 1 month and chronic liver disease have 8.1-fold and 5-fold increased risk of meningitis by L. monocytogenes compared to S. pneumoniae, respectively.</P>

Simulation study on effect of drain underlap in gate-all-around tunneling field-effect transistors

Lee, J.S.,Seo, J.H.,Cho, S.,Lee, J.H.,Kang, S.W.,Bae, J.H.,Cho, E.S.,Kang, I.M. Elsevier 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.6

In this work, the effects of underlapping drain junction on the performances of gate-all-around (GAA) tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) have been studied in terms of direct-current (DC) characteristics including on-current (I<SUB>on</SUB>), off-current (I<SUB>off</SUB>), subthreshold swing (S), and I<SUB>on</SUB>/I<SUB>off</SUB> ratio. In addition, the dependences of intrinsic delay time (τ) and radio-frequency (RF) performances including cut-off frequency (f<SUB>T</SUB>) and maximum oscillation frequency (f<SUB>max</SUB>) on gate-drain capacitance (C<SUB>gd</SUB>) with the underlapping were investigated as the gate length (L<SUB>gate</SUB>) is scaled. A GAA TFET with asymmetric junctions, with an underlap at the drain side, demonstrated DC and RF performances superior to those of a device with symmetric junctions.

Predicting temporal shifts in the spring occurrence of overwintered Scotinophara lurida (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and rice phenology in Korea with climate change

Lee, H.,Kang, W. S.,Ahn, M. I.,Cho, K.,Lee, J. H. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 International journal of biometeorology Vol.60 No.1

<P>Climate change could shift the phenology of insects and plants and alter their linkage in space and time. We examined the synchrony of rice and its insect pest, Scotinophara lurida (Burmeister), under the representative concentration pathways (RCP) 8.5 climate change scenario by comparing the mean spring immigration time of overwintered S. lurida with the mean rice transplanting times in Korea. The immigration time of S. lurida was estimated using an overwintered adult flight model. The rice transplanting time of three cultivars (early, medium, and medium-late maturing) was estimated by forecasting the optimal cultivation period using leaf appearance and final leaf number models. A temperature increase significantly advanced the 99 % immigration time of S. lurida from Julian day 192.1 in the 2000s to 178.4 in the 2050s and 163.1 in the 2090s. In contrast, rice transplanting time was significantly delayed in the early-maturing cultivar from day 141.2 in the 2000s to 166.7 in the 2050s and 190.6 in the 2090s, in the medium-maturing cultivar from day 130.6 in the 2000s to 156.6 in the 2050s and 184.7 in the 2090s, and in the medium-late maturing cultivar from day 128.5 in 2000s to 152.9 in the 2050s and 182.3 in the 2090s. These simulation results predict a significant future phenological asynchrony between S. lurida and rice in Korea.</P>

1987년 한국에서 발생한 렙토스피라병의 혈청역학적 조사

이증훈,박영수,이우곤,김석용,정선식,우준희,박성광,박경희,송영욱,김선영,기정일,최두혁,강성귀,김주완,최강원,김우열,최명식,최인학,장우현,윤성열 대한감염학회 1988 감염 Vol.20 No.3

Human leptospirosis was an unfamiliar disease in Korea until 1984 that outbreak of leptospirosis occurred among farmers and soldiers after field works for harvesting rice. During that time, Lee and Jo confirmed the first Korean cases of leptospirosis by serological test, isolation of causative agent and autopy findings. Afterward several outbreaks occurred also during autumn especially after flood in every years and some characterisitcs of leptospirosis in Korea such as clinical manifestations, serotypes and seroepidemiological features has been revealed by many investigators. Because of the major mode of transmission between rodents and human is by direct contact with leptospiral urine of rodents or contaminated soil by the urine, leptospirosis in Korea has been primarily a disease of person in occupations heavily exposed to contaminated soil or infected urine such as farmer, army and etc. Therefore it seems that leptospirosis is one of the main communicable diseases to be controlled urgently in Korea, for an agricultural people account for almost half of total Korean people. For clarifying the seroepidemiological patterns of human leptospirosis in Korea by sex, month region and main reacting serovars of L. interrogans among acute febrile disease occurred in 1987, 1,773 patient's sers with acute febrile episodes were tested by microagglutination test using 19 representative strains of leptospiral serogroup as antigen. All of those sera were collected from 10 collaborative clinics located in Kyunggi, Kangwon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Chonbuk, Chonnam province and Seoul. The results wee summerized as follows. 1) Among 1,773 sera of patients with acute febrile episodes, 219 (12.4%) were seropositive to L. interrogans, 487(27.5%) to R. tsutsugamushi, 241(13.6%) to R.typhi and 160(90.0%) to Hantaan virus. 2) Among seropositives to L.interrogans, the male outnumbered the female, 65% and 35%. 3) For age distribution, 26.9% of seropositives to L.interrogans were fifties, 19.6% were forties, 9.1% were sixties, 5.9% were thirties and 4.1% were twenties. 4) Eighty three percent of seropositives had occurred between September and October in 1987 with a peak in September. 5) Main leptospiral serovars reactive to patient's sera were Icterohaemorrhagiae(54.3%), Canicola(31.0%), CH-48(13.2%), Tarassovi(0.9%)and Cynopteri(0.5%). 6) For regional distribution, 65.8% of seropositives to L.interrogans were residents from Chonbuk, 12.3% were Chonnam, 7.3% were Chungnam, 5.5% were Kyunggi and 1.4% were Kangwon.

Antibiotic susceptibility and resistance of Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus parauberis isolated from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Park, Y.K.,Nho, S.W.,Shin, G.W.,Park, S.B.,Jang, H.B.,Cha, I.S.,Ha, M.A.,Kim, Y.R.,Dalvi, R.S.,Kang, B.J.,Jung, T.S. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2009 Veterinary microbiology Vol.136 No.1

The rates of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance were investigated in Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus parauberis isolates obtained from diseased olive flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus) collected from fish farms in Jeju Island, Korea. Isolates of S. iniae (n=65) were susceptible to cefotaxime, erythromycin, ofloxacin, penicillin, tetracycline and vancomycin, as demonstrated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. Isolates of S. parauberis (n=86) were highly resistant to erythromycin (58% of the 86 isolates tested) and tetracycline (63% of the 86 isolates tested). Fifty-four isolates of tetracycline-resistant S. parauberis contained the tet(M/O/S) genes, of which 39 and 12 isolates contained the tet(M) and tet(S) genes, respectively, whereas 3 isolates contained both the tet(M) and tet(S) genes. Among the erythromycin-resistant isolates of S. parauberis (n=50) only 14 contained the erm(B) gene. These results suggest that the tet(S) and erm(B) genes of S. parauberis are involved in the acquisition of high-level resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline. Our findings reveal a high rate of antibiotic resistance among strains of S. parauberis and emphasize the need to develop an appropriate vaccine to reduce the use of antibiotics.