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Cha, D. R.,Kim, I. S.,Kang, Y. S.,Han, S. Y.,Han, K. H.,Shin, C.,Ji, Y. H.,Kim, N. H. Blackwell Science Ltd 2005 Diabetic medicine Vol.22 No.1
<P>Abstract</P><P>Aims </P><P>The expression of TGF&bgr;-inducible gene h3(&bgr;ig-h3) has been used to assess the biological activity of TGF&bgr; in the kidney. In this study, we investigated whether the urinary concentration of &bgr;ig-h3 is associated with diabetic nephropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. We also evaluated the relationship between the urinary concentration of &bgr;ig-3 and proteinuria and microalbuminuria (AER) in a normal healthy population and in Type 2 diabetes patients.</P><P>Methods </P><P>Four hundred and seventy-nine Type 2 diabetic patients without non-diabetic kidney diseases and 528 healthy control subjects were enrolled. The study subjects were divided into five groups: a non-diabetic healthy control group with normal ACR (<I>n</I> = 443), a non-diabetic healthy control group with microalbuminuria (<I>n</I> = 85), a normoalbuminuric diabetic group (<I>n</I> = 198), a microalbuminuric diabetic group (<I>n</I> = 155) and an overt proteinuria group (<I>n</I> = 126). Urinary levels of &bgr;ig-h3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</P><P>Results </P><P>(i) Urinary excretion of &bgr;ig-h3 was significantly higher in the diabetic groups than in the controls, even in the normoalbuminuric stage (25.02 ± 8.84 vs. 18.67 ± 6.56, <I>P</I> = 0.03). In diabetic patients, urinary &bgr;ig-h3 levels increased significantly as diabetic nephropathy advanced (25.02 ± 8.84 vs. 34.06 ± 24.55 vs. 169.63 ± 57.33, <I>P</I> < 0.001). (ii) Proteinuria was found to be significantly correlated with urinary &bgr;ig-h3 (healthy control; <I>r</I> = 0.137, <I>P</I> = 0.019, diabetic patients; <I>r</I> = 0.604, <I>P</I> < 0.001). ACR was also found to be significantly related with urinary &bgr;ig-h3 in diabetic patients (<I>r =</I> 0.383, <I>P</I> = 0.006). (iii) In diabetic patients, urinary &bgr;ig-h3 was significantly related with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (systolic blood pressure: <I>r</I> = 0.436, <I>P</I> = 0.024; diastolic blood pressure, <I>r</I> = 0.365, <I>P</I> = 0.042), total cholesterol and HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> (cholesterol: <I>r</I> = 0.169, <I>P</I> = 0.03, HbA<SUB>1c</SUB>; <I>r</I> = 0.387, <I>P</I> = 0.044). Logistic regression analyses showed that urinary &bgr;ig-h3 was associated with a significant increase in the risk of microalbuminuria and proteinuria in diabetic patients.</P><P>Conclusions </P><P>Longitudinal monitoring of urinary &bgr;ig-h3 may improve the likelihood of detecting diabetic nephropathy at an earlier stage and &bgr;ig-h3 could be a sensitive marker of diabetic kidney disease progression.</P>
Start-up strategy and operational tests of gasoline fuel processor for auxiliary power unit
Ji, H.,Bae, J.,Cho, S.,Kang, I. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.40 No.11
In order to satisfy the needs for electrical power in future combat systems, a gasoline fuel processor (GFP) for an auxiliary power unit (APU) has been developed. This efficient design of a compact hydrogen-production system thermally and physically integrates the unit processes of autothermal reforming, high- and medium-temperature water gas shift, preferential oxidation, heat exchange and external burner into a single hardware package. The start-up strategy is established to turn the GFP on even at subzero temperature and reach the steady-state rapidly. In consideration of both energy consumption and system size, the sequence is initiated from start-burner mode. The catalytic-partial-oxidation (CPO) mode is second, followed by autothermal reforming (ATR). A glow-plug needed to ignite the gasoline is positioned behind the catalyst to minimize soot generation at start-burner mode. In ATR mode, feed rate of water for each heat exchanger is controlled to operate a reactor at target temperature and reduce the water condensation at surface of catalyst. Based on this start-up strategy, a GFP is able to produce a reformate gas that contained >40 vol.% H<SUB>2</SUB> and <0.5 vol.% CO within 30-35 min at room temperature and -32 <SUP>o</SUP>C. An APU with a GFP shows the stable start-up and continued operation.
Prasad, D. Hari,Park, S. Y.,Ji, H.-I.,Kim, H.-R.,Son, J.-W.,Kim, B.-K.,Lee, H.-W.,Lee, J.-H. AmericanChemical Society 2012 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.116 No.5
<P>In this study, Ce<SUB>0.65</SUB>Zr<SUB>0.25</SUB>RE<SUB>0.1</SUB>O<SUB>2−δ</SUB> (RE = Tb, Gd, Eu, Sm, Nd, Pr,and La)solid solutions were successfully prepared by the glycine-nitrateprocess and tested for CO oxidation activity. The X-ray diffractionresults confirmed the formation of complete Ce<SUB>0.65</SUB>Zr<SUB>0.25</SUB>RE<SUB>0.1</SUB>O<SUB>2−δ</SUB> solid solutions.The Raman spectroscopy measurements suggested the presence of oxygenvacancies due to defective structure formation and further evidencedthe formation of solid solution. The high-resolution transmissionelectron microscopy observations showed the nanocrystalline natureof the solid solutions. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysisit was revealed that the cerium, terbium, and praseodymium are presentin +3 and +4 oxidation states. The UV–vis diffuse reflectancespectroscopy indicated that the Pr<SUP>3+</SUP> ions in the Ce<SUB>0.65</SUB>Zr<SUB>0.25</SUB>Pr<SUB>0.1</SUB>O<SUB>2−δ</SUB> system provoked a significant increase in the Ce<SUP>3+</SUP> fractionon the surface. H<SUB>2</SUB> temperature-programmed reduction measurementsshowed an enhanced surface reduction at much lower temperatures forCe<SUB>0.65</SUB>Zr<SUB>0.25</SUB>Pr<SUB>0.1</SUB>O<SUB>2−δ</SUB> sample compared to others, indicating increased oxygen mobilityin these samples, which enable the enhanced oxygen diffusion at lowertemperatures. Significantly high CO oxidation activity is exhibitedby Ce<SUB>0.65</SUB>Zr<SUB>0.25</SUB>Pr<SUB>0.1</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> solid solution.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2012/jpccck.2012.116.issue-5/jp207107j/production/images/medium/jp-2011-07107j_0007.gif'></P>
이윤표,정이택,지두환,곽호영 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1993 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.23 No.-
The overall heat transfer coefficient in a vapor compression type horizontal evaporator-condenser tube was calculated by solving the condensation equations(mass,momentum and energy) for both evaporationg and condensing liquid film. Calculation results are in good agreement with experimental results. Also it was found that the crucial factor in designing such heat exchanger is the condensing amount inside tube rather than the overall hear transfer coefficient.
β-cyclodextrin 을 이용한 난황의 콜레스테롤 제거
박우문,유익종,지중룡,전기홍,김천제,임상빈 한국축산학회 1997 한국축산학회지 Vol.39 No.5
This study was carried out to remove cholesterol from liquid egg yolk by using β-cyclodextrin(β-CD) which formed insoluble complex by binding with cholesterol existed in oil-water interface of egg yolk. The conditions of treatment varied with the centrifugal force, mixing temperature, mixing time, distilled ratio and β-CD : cholesterol molar ratio, and the removal efficiency of cholesterol of each treatment was measured. The optimal conditions of centrifugal force, mixing temperature and mixing time to remove β-CD. cholesterol complex were 2,000 g, 35℃ and 15 min, respectively. The ratio of egg yolk to distilled water was 1 : 3 with the most cholesterol removal and with the highest solid content remained. When the molar ratios of β-CD to the egg yolk cholesterol were 3: 1, 5: 1 and 6: 1, the efficiencies of cholesterol removal were 75.0, 88.9 and 95.9%, respectively, and the contents of remnant solid were 68.2, 64.6 and 56.9%, respectively. As the amount of added β-CD increased, cholesterol removal efficiency was increased but valuable nutrients of egg yolk also decreased. Therefore, it was concluded that the molar ratio of 3 : 1 -5 : 1 for β-CD : cholesterol was most effective in removing cholesterol from egg yolk, considering the amount of valuable components remained.
Performance of the CREAM-III Calorimeter
Moo Hyun Lee,Ho Seok Ahn,Ganel, O.,Ji Hye Han,Jeon, J.A.,Chan Ho Kim,Ki Chun Kim,Lutz, L.,Malinin, A.,GoWoon Na,Shinwoo Nam,Park, I.H.,Na Hee Park,Eun-Suk Seo,Vartanyan, A.,Walpole, P.,Jayoung Wu,Jong IEEE 2009 IEEE transactions on nuclear science Vol.56 No.3
<P>Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) is a balloon-borne experiment to directly measure the elemental spectra of protons to iron nuclei with energies up to ~ 10<SUP>15</SUP> eV. Energies of these cosmic-ray particles are measured by an ionization calorimeter comprised of 20 layers of 1 radiation length thick tungsten plates and 20 layers of 0.5 mm diameter scintillating fibers. Each tungsten plate is 500 times 500 times 3.5 mm<SUP>3</SUP> and the fibers are grouped into fifty 1 cm wide ribbons. After construction, the CREAM-III calorimeter was tested at CERN, the European high energy physics lab, in the H2 beam line of the SPS. Following the CERN test, the calorimeter was integrated into the CREAM-III instrument, and flown successfully in the 3rd flight of the project, during the 2007/8 Antarctic campaign. We present the performance of the CREAM-III calorimeter in lab and beam tests.</P>
Effect of Flow Force in the Characteristics of Electrohydraulic Servovalves
I. Istanto(이완 이스탄토),S.W. Ji(지상원),H.H. Kim(김현호),I.Y. Lee(이일영),S.H. Kim(김상호),H.C. Lee(이현철) 유공압건설기계학회 2015 유공압건설기계학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.6
In the servovalve design stage, precise axial flow force prediction is important. Axial flow force causes big current input that can increase the heat and reduce the reliability of servovalve.In previous studies, current input was proportional to spool displacement. Therefore, the spool displacement of servovalvewas not affected by flow forces.The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of flow force on servovalve. The steady and unsteady mathematical models of servovalve are introduced. The mathematical model of steady state shows the effect of flow force on frequency response of servovalve, whereas the steady state mathematical model shows the effect of flow force on step response of servovalve. To confirm the value of flow force in steady state condition, obtained from simulation, experiment is done. Steady state simulation results shows that flow force have a big effect on the spool displacement. Unsteady state simulations show flow force increase the response of servovalve, but this cause the current input also increase.