북한문학과 근대성

김형수 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2004 人文學論叢 Vol.4 No.-

The discussion North Korean literature has to be begun from researching its modernity. The realization of the modernity for the North Korean socialism is propeled by Kim Ilsungism, North Korean predominant ideology. Therefore, the study for Kim Ilsungism is the first work of the discussion of the North Korean literature. The Kim Ilsungism has based on Juche ideology. But, not like Juche ideology as a doctrine for a human being, the Kim Ilsungism has took its root in the doctrine for the head. This means that the Kim Ilsungism is a kind of identical logic which is concentrative itself with never accepting other thought. This identical logic is a product of making Kim Ilsung as national philosophical subject with desiring for establishment of solitary controlling system. With putting Juche ideology into Kim Ilsung himself, he makes his position to the top as the object which has absolute powered. This is the right reason why people has not been the subject of the history. The Kim Ilsungism emphasize that the modernity of North Korean socialism through the reconstruction of human being, society and nature has to be actualized by only its boos, Kim Ilsung. As this reason, I stand on my opinion that the discussion of the North Korean literature has to set its starting on researching Kim Ilsungism.

Consonant gemination and glide strengthening in Lugamda : A theoretical analysis of two universal phonological processes and their interaction

Kim, Hyung Soo 대한언어학회 1993 언어학 Vol.1 No.-

Hyung-Soo Kim(1993), Consonant gemination and glide strengthening In Luganda: A theoretical analysis of two universal phonological processes and their Interaction Linguistics, vol 1. Theoretical Phonology maintains that rules used in description and explanation of language must be universal, belonging to the set of universal phonological processes. This conception of phonological explanation is applied to the analysis of geminate consonants in West Germanic, Italian, and Luganda (Eastern Bantu). Analysis of West Germanic and Italian data illustrates the relative phonological strength on parameters, the Inertial Development Principle, and a universal condition that stipulates preferential application of consonant gemination in sufficiently strong environment. Analysis of Luganda data reveals how the universal processes of consonant gemination and glide strengthening interact to produce previously unexplained consonant-cum-geminate clusters. In addition, it shows that consonant gemination in Luganda occurs essentially under the sanle condition as in West Germanic and Italian, thus refuting the .p!$os claim by Clements (1986) that Luganda gemination occurs as a result of compensatory lengthening of consonant. `ham concluded that Luganda gemination is not an isolated case of oompensatory 'consonant' lengthening but its application is governed by the universal conditions on consonant gemination, occurring, as in West Germanic and Italian consonant gemination, in contiguity with a sufficiently strong resonant consonant.

Glide Formation and Compesatory Lengthening in Korean Revisited

Kim Hyung Soo 현대문법학회 1999 현대문법연구 Vol.17 No.-

Kim, Hyung-Soo. 1999. Glide Formation and Compensatory Lengthening in Korean Revisited. Studies in Grammar 17, 15-31. This paper reanalyzes three phonological problems in glide formation and compensatory lengthening in Korean: 1) the obligatory glide formation with no compensatory lengthening in wa˘ <*o-a "come", 2) the lack of glide formation in coa <*coh-a "like, not ψcwa (cf. noa, nwa￣ "put"), and 3) the problematic use of global rules in explaining compensatory lengthening in examples such as na￣myen < *nah-imyen "give birth". These problems have been well known in previous analyses whose attempts to provide reasonable explanations have all failed. In this paper novel solutions to them are offered by making use of etymological reconstruction and preferential conditions on rules and the Principles governing their operation in Theoretical Phonology. In particular, the first problem is solved by reconstructing the underlying form of the verb o- "come" as *wΛ, whose stem vowel elides before vowel initial endings but undergoes contraction with the preceding w to become o: *wΛ-a >wa˘ but *wΛ-ta>ota. For the second and third problems, two new theoretical concepts are introduced to explain the rule ordering paradox and the use of global rules: 1) the principle of rule interruption that partially identical rules are interruptible and 2) the principle of strength conservation that morphological units such as words and syllables maintain a certain inherently constant strength.

Underlying Bases for Reduplicated and Sound Symbolic Words in Korean: The so-called emphatic suffixation revisited

Hyung-Soo Kim 한국언어학회 2006 언어 Vol.31 No.2

Kim, Hyung-Soo. 2006. Underlying Bases for Reduplicated and Sound Symbolic Words in Korean: The so-called emphatic suffixation revisited. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 31-2, 207-231. This paper reanalyzes the so-called emphatic suffixation in Korean, with a focus on the base and suffixal forms used in previous analyses. Jun (1994) analyzes these cases under his rule of Metrical Weight Consistency, but there is no independent evidence for the redundant base-final /l/ in his underlying structure of talkɨlak < *talkɨl-lak "rattling". In this paper, a new morphological analysis is provided by investigating 1) the stem-suffix correlations stipulated by Jun and 2) the patterns of affixation and alternation in ideophones such as talkak, talkɨlak, and talkatak. It is argued that these three near-synonymous ideophones share the same underlying stem *talkɨ- and the surface variants are a combined result of affixation and three independent phonological rules: /ɨ/-truncation (talkak<*talkɨ-ak), /t/-to-/l/ lenition (talkɨlak<*talkɨ-tak) and dissimilation of KCVK# → CVK# (talkatak<*talkak- tak). Some comments on recent Optimality-Theoretic analyses and their weaknesses are made as well as a remark on the ramifications of the analysis. (Jeonju University)

Meinhof's Rule in Bantu Revisited : with special reference to Chibemba

Kim, Hyung Soo 대한언어학회 1999 언어학 Vol.7 No.2

Kim, Hyung-Soo. 1999. Meinhof's Rule in Bantu Revisited. Linguistics 7-2, 183-206. Well known to any Bantu phonologist is Meinhof's Rule, a dissimilation phenomenon observed between two nasal compounds in successive syllables. This paper analyzes application of this rule in Chibemba, a Bantu language spoken in Zambia. Chibemba has been previously classified by Meeussen(1963) and Meinhof(1932) as one of those Bantu languages in which the dissimilation rule occurs under a more limited condition. It is argued that such restriction is unnecessary in light of the data presented by Mann(1977). It is shown that the application of Meinhof's Rule in Chibemba occurs essentially under the same universal condition on dissimilation as in other Bantu languages, for example, Luganda. To place the analysis in proper context, I begin with discussion of Meinhof's Rule as a dissimilation; its interpretation, the mechanism of change, and the rule's condition and reflexes in Bantu languages. (Jeonju University)

Underlying representations in glide formation in Korean: A reply to Cho (2000)

Hyung-Soo Kim 한국음운론학회 2002 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.8 No.1

Kim, Hyung-Soo. 2002. Underlying representations in glide formation in Korean: A reply to Cho (2000). Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 8.1. 65-83. One of the most recalcitrant problems in Korean phonology has been the explanation of the irregular continuative form wa<oa ""come[continuative]""(cf inf. o-ta) where, unlike verbs such as poa, pwa ""see[continuative]""(cf. inf. po-ta), glide formation occurs obligatorily without compensatory lengthening. In Kim (1999) it has been proposed that the exceptional behavior of the verb 0- can be most aptly explained by positing its underlying form as WΛ, whose stem vowel drops before a vowel-initial ending but contracts with the preceding W to become 0 before a consonant-initial suffix. Cho (2000), however, has criticized this analysis as being too opaque, employing a synchronically unmotivated underlying representation. This paper responds to her criticism by reviewing and revaluating all of the underlying representations posited in previous analyses while offering additional arguments for the abstract underlying form WΛ. (Jeonju University)

Universal Phonological Processes in eastern Bantu : a Theoretical analysis

Kim,Hyung Soo 대한언어학회 1999 언어학 Vol.7 No.1

Kim, Hyung-Soo. 1999. Universal Phonological Processes in eastern Bantu: a theoretical analysis. Linguistics 7-1, 199-225 In this paper the concept of universal phonological process in Foley's Theoretical Phonology is utilized to first introduce five phonological processes that commonly occur in eastern Bantu languages and then explain two important problems in morphophonemic alternation occurring in Luganda first singular present forms and Swahili adjectives. The five processes introduced are glide formation, syncope, glide strengthening, assibilation, and dissimilation. These processes are argued to be universal because 1) they occur not only in many Bantu languages but also in remotely related languages such as Korean and 2) their knowledge is required as a prerequisite to finding a coherent explanation of the two morphophonemic alternations. A brief comment on the ramifications of the analysis for the phonological theory in general is also included, especially the difficulties that a constraint-based approach may face in analyzing phonological probelms of this type. (Jeonju University)

Discovery of urinary metabolomic biomarkers for early detection of acute kidney injury

Won, A Jin,Kim, Siwon,Kim, Yoon Gyoon,Kim, Kyu-Bong,Choi, Wahn Soo,Kacew, Sam,Kim, Kyeong Seok,Jung, Jee H.,Lee, Byung Mu,Kim, Suhkmann,Kim, Hyung Sik The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Molecular bioSystems Vol.12 No.1

<P>The discovery of new biomarkers for early detection of drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is clinically important. In this study, sensitive metabolomic biomarkers identified in the urine of rats were used to detect cisplatin-induced AKI. Cisplatin (10 mg kg(-1), i.p.) was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats, which were subsequently euthanized after 1, 3 or 5 days. In cisplatin-treated rats, mild histopathological alterations were noted at day 1, and these changes were severe at days 3 and 5. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) levels were significantly increased at days 3 and 5. The levels of new urinary protein-based biomarkers, including kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), glutathione S-transferase-alpha (GST-alpha), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), calbindin, clusterin, neutrophil, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and osteopontin, were significantly elevated at days 3 and 5. Among urinary metabolites, trigonelline and 3-indoxylsulfate (3-IS) levels were significantly decreased in urine collected from cisplatin-treated rats prior to histological kidney damage. However, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), a hepatotoxicant, did not affect these urinary biomarkers. Trigonelline is closely associated with GSH depletion and results in insufficient antioxidant capacity against cisplatin-induced AKI. The predominant cisplatin-induced AKI marker appeared to be reduced in urinary 3-IS levels. Because 3-IS is predominantly excreted via active secretion in proximal tubules, a decrease is indicative of tubular damage. Further, urinary excretion of 3-IS levels was markedly reduced in patients with AKI compared to normal subjects. The area under the curve receiver operating characteristics (AUC-ROC) for 3-IS was higher than for SCr, BUN, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein, and glucose. Therefore, low urinary or high serum 3-IS levels may be more useful for early detection of AKI than conventional biomarkers.</P>

단일병원에서 관찰한 최근 10년간의 소아 우발사고에 관한 연구 : 이물흡인을 중심으로

김철민,송준영,김자형,김기수,홍수종 대한소아과학회 2002 小兒科 Vol.45 No.9

간 세포암에서 VEGF, TGF-β1, b-FGF 발현의 의의

김성용,남충현,주종우,채만규,백무준,이문수,김형철,안현철,김홍수,김창진,김창호 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: Angiogenesis is important for the proliferation and the metastasis of solid tumors. The growth of a solid tumor is widely recognized to depend on the process of neovascularrozation. Without angiogenesis, tumors cease to grow beyond even a few milimeters in diameter. It has been shown that tumor vascular density is an independent prognostic marker in several types of human tumors and is known to correlate with poor prognosis. To date, many angiogenic factors have been identified, such as transforming growth factor-α(TGF-α), transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor family(FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor(PD-ECGF), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and angiogenin. Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the second most common tumor in Korean males and is known as a typical hypervascular tumor with frequent portal vein invastion. The authors identified the expreesion of VEGF, TGF-β1, and b-FGF in HCC specimens and evaluated the relationship between these growth factors and the clinicopathologic characteristics of HCC. Method: We reviewed the medical records of 30 patients who were diagnosed as hepatocellular carinoma treated with hepatic resection between January 1994 and December 1998 in Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital. The selection of the cases was decided according to the condition of paraffin block fixation. The prognostic factors such as age, sex, tumor size, concentration of serum α-fetoprotein, presence of liver cirrhosis, presence of tumor emboli in portal vein, TMN stage, amount of transfusion during the operation, hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection, and Edmonson-Steiner(E-S) grade were investigated. Relationship between the prognostic factors and the immunopathologic expression of the TGF-β1, b-FGF, and VEGF was examined. Result: Thirty patients (24 males, 6 females) were included in the current study. The patient's mean age was 50.6 years and the age ranged from 36 to 65 years. The mean size of the tumor was found to be 5.2cm. All the patients were follewed up for 7 to 63 months. Child's classification A patients were 23(76.7%)cases, B patients were 7(23.3%)cases, and C was none. Immunohistochemical staining of HCC tumor mass in VEGF expression patients were 17(56.7%), b-FGF expression patients were 10(33.3%), and TGF-β1 expression patients were 10(33.3%). VEGF expression or more than one positive expression among the three factors correlated with tumor size and the stage of HCC but did not correlated with other clinicopathological characteristics. TGF-β1 and b-FGF did not correlate with any clinicopathological characteristics. Conclusion: The results suggest that the expression of VEGF or more than one positive expression among the three factors in HCC cells may be a significant prognostic factor of HCC.