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( Hyun Ok Ku ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2009 한국동물실험대체법학회 학술대회집 Vol.2009 No.3
Given animal welfare considerations, local lymph node assays (LLNAs) or LLNA-type assays have been extensively utilized to evaluate sensitizing chemicals. The LLNA endpoint is determined by the incorporation of 3H-thymidine or 5-bromo-2`-deoxyuridine into lymphocytes or by cell counting. However, there have been some concerns that certain non-sensitizing irritants may yield false positive results or that its use to discriminate between classes of chemicals is minimal. It is thus desirable to identify additional endpoints with in LLNA itself. More information than that currently available from LLNAs can provide more insightful data than the assay itself. Through several studies, to refine the LLNA for the differentiation and characterization of chemical-induced allergic responses, we investigated the protein and/or mRNA levels of various gene transcripts and cytokines in ear skin-draining auricular LNs of mice exposed to known sensitizers and irritants and examined their availability as supportive indicators for LLNA. For this, CBA/N mice were topically treated daily with a well known chemical sensitizer such as a strong contact sensitizer 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB), a skin contact sensitizer 2-phenyl-4-ethoxymethylene-5-oxazolone (OXA), and a skin or respiratory sensitizer toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI), and the non-sensitizing irritants, croton oil (CRO) and nonanoic acid (NA), for 3 consecutive days. The mRNA levels in auricular lymph nodes draining the ear skin were then analyzed by gene expression microarrays or real time RT-PCR and immunoassay. Sensitizer-induced changes in parameters such as ear thickness, lymph node weight, and cell count also occurred in irritant-treated mouse tissues. However, gene transcripts such as Ifi27, Il12rb1 and Zbp1 and several cytokines, which are related to T-cell activation, were shown to be up-regulated in auricular lymph nodes by sensitizers exclusively. Significantly, different sensitizers evoked different cytokine patterns of IL-4 and IFN-γ, as DNCB strongly up-regulated both IFN-γ and IL-4, OXA up-regulated IFN-γ strongly but IL-4 weakly, and TDI up-regulated IL-4 highly but IFN-γ weakly. The sensitizers also strongly up-regulated GzmB mRNA, while the irritants had a much weaker effect. Thus, these differential gene expressions and cytokines may be useful as additional endpoints for discriminating between irritants and sensitizers or contact and respiratory sensitizers in the LLNA itself.
Cytokine Induction by a Polysaccharide-protein Complex Isolated from Agaricus blazei Murill
Hyun-Ok Ku,In-Cheon Kim,Young-Hwa Sim,Sang-Hee Jeong,Chang-Hee Kweon,Shin-Ja Park,Yun-Bae Kim,Han-Sang Yoo,Yong-Soon Lee 한국독성학회 1999 Toxicological Research Vol.15 No.3
A polysaccharide-protein (74.1 : 12.8%) complex was extracted from Agaricus blazei Murill, and its cytokine-inducing potency was investigated in vitro and in vivo. In peritoneal macrophage cultures, the polysaccharide-protein complex induced a high level of interleukin-1α and interleukin-6 production in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, tumor necrosis factor-α was not detected in the culture supernatant of macrophages stimulated with the polysaccharide-protein complex. Such an increased production of interleukin-6 was also observed in splenocyte cultures, while interleukin-2, interleukin-4, tumor necrosis factor-α and inteljeron-y were not significantly increased following stimulation. Such a pattern in cytokine induction by polysaccharide-protein complex was observed in mice, though it was transient 1-2 hr after intraperitoneal challenge. High levels (5,000-7,500 pg/ml) of interleukin-6 were achieved 1 hr after administration of 5-20 mg/kg of stimulus. Serum interleukin-1α, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-y levels were also increased to some extent, while interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 were not responsive. Taken together, it is suggested that interleukin-6 is the most responsive cytokine to stimulation with polysaccharide-protein complex from Agaricus blazei Murill.
Expression of Toll-Like Receptors in Verruca and Molluscum Contagiosum
Ku, Ja Kyung,Kwon, Hyun Jo,Kim, Mi-Yeon,Kang, Hoon,Song, Peter I,Armstrong, Cheryl A.,Ansel, John C.,Kim, Hyung Ok,Park, Young Min The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2008 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.23 No.2
<P>Recent studies indicate that several Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are implicated in recognizing viral structures and instigating immune responses against viral infections. The aim of this study is to examine the expression of TLRs and proinflammatory cytokines in viral skin diseases such as verruca vulgaris (VV) and molluscum contagiosum (MC). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining of skin samples were performed to determine the expression of specific antiviral and proinflammatory cytokines as well as 5 TLRs (TLR2, 3, 4, 7, and 9). In normal human skin, TLR2, 4, and 7 mRNA was constitutively expressed, whereas little TLR3 and 9 mRNA was detected. Compared to normal skin (NS), TLR3 and 9 mRNA was clearly expressed in VV and MC specimens. Likewise, immunohistochemistry indicated that keratinocytes in NS constitutively expressed TLR2, 4, and 7; however, TLR3 was rarely detected and TLR9 was only weakly expressed, whereas 5 TLRs were all strongly expressed on the epidermal keratinocytes of VV and MC lesions. In addition, the mRNA expression of IFN-β and TNF-α was upregulated in the VV and MC samples. Immunohistochemistry indicated that IFN-β and TNF-α were predominately localized in the granular layer in the VV lesions and adjacent to the MC bodies. Our results indicated that VV and MC skin lesions expressed TLR3 and 9 in addition to IFN-β and TNF-α. These viral-induced proinflammatory cytokines may play a pivotal role in cutaneous innate immune responses.</P>
사육일령이 육계의 가슴 및 다리살의 아미노산·지방산 변화에 미치는 영향
채현석(Hyun Seok Chae),최희철(Hee Chul Choi),나재천(Jae Cheon Na),김민지(Min Ji Kim),강환구(Hwan Ku Kang),김동욱(Dong Wook Kim),김지혁(Ji Hyuk Kim),조수현(Soo Hyun Jo),강근호(Gun Ho Kang),서옥석(Ok Suk Seo) 韓國家禽學會 2012 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.39 No.2
This study was to investigate the amino acid, free amino acid and fatty acid composition of chicken breast muscle and legs muscle by different raising periods (30, 36 and 42 days). In amino acid composition, the glutamic acids were 3.63% at 30 days, 3.63% at 36 days and 3.54% at 42 days in the breast muscle. The glutamic acid contents in the breast and leg muscle were decreasing tendency as raising periods increased. The total free amino acids were 370.6 mg at 30 days, 235.9 mg at 36 days and 246.3 mg at 42 days in the breast muscle, and those were 470.16 at 30 days, 326.4 mg at 36 days and 321.9 mg at 42 days in the leg muscle. Total contents of free amino acids were higher in chicken legs muscle than in chicken breast muscle. The linoleic acids, the most essential fatty acid, were contained 17.84% at 30 days, 17.84% at 36 days and 20.33% at 42 days in chicken breast muscle. These results indicated that the fatty acid composition increased as raising periods increased. There were 0.69% DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid) in chicken breast muscle at 30 days, 0.96% at 36 days and 1.29% at 42 days. From these results, the DHA contents in chickens were also increased as raising periods increased.
이현주(Hyun-Ju Lee),김계성(Kye-Sung Kim),구상옥(Sang-Ok Ku),이상조(Sang-Jo Lee) 한국정보과학회 2001 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.28 No.1B
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Prediction of skin penetration of Bifenthrin using in vitro micro-pig skin model
Ji-Hyun Bang(Ji-Hyun Bang),Hyun-Ok Ku(Hyun-Ok Ku),Byung-Suk Jeon(Byung-Suk Jeon),Hyobi Kim(Hyobi Kim),Kwang-Jick Lee(Kwang-Jick Lee),Yong-Sang Kim(Yong-Sang Kim),Hee Yi(Hee Yi) 한국예방수의학회 2019 한국예방수의학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2018 No.-