비만증 환자에서 한약제에 의한 체중 감소효과

Oh, Seung-Joon,Jeong, In-Kyung,Kim, Young-Seol,Choi, Young-Kil,Paeng, Jeong-Ryung,Bae, Jung-Hwan,Shin, Hyun-Dae 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Seung-Joon Oh, In-Kyung Jeong, Young-Seol Kim, Young-Kil Choi, Jeong-Ryung Paeng¹, Jung-Hwan Bae and Hyun-Dae Shin²Department of internal Medicine, College Medicine, Endocrine Research Institute¹. Department of Rehabilitation, College of Oriental Medicine², Seoul, korea. Bady Fat Reduction Effects of Red Ginseng Compound Preparation on the Patients with Obesity. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 244-254, 1999.-Obesity can be defined as a metabolic disease due to an increased state of fat tissues caused by an imbalance of calorie intake and use. Recently, in Korea by improvement and westernization of food intake, along with decrease in exercise activities, the prevalence of obesity has increased greatly. Our objectives were to study stability and effects of decrease in body fat by administering red ginseng compound preparation (known to have body fat decreasing effects in laboratory animals) to obesity patients on low calorie diets. Changes in weight and body fat were measured while carrying out calorie-restricted diets on patients for 4 weeks, then administering red ginseng compound preparation for another 4 weeks. The patients were 20 people whose BMI were 25kg/㎡ or over and whose percent body fat was also 30% or over when tested by bioelectrical conductivity. 1. Changes in weight were from 70.04kg(base line) to 67.43kg(after taking red ginseng compound preparation). 2. In similar sense, BMI decreased from 27.12kg/㎡(base line) to 26.56kg/㎡(after dieting), and further to 26.01kg/㎡ (after taking red ginseng compound preparation). The BMI seemed to decrease significantly compared to the baseline after the use of red ginseng compound. 3. Waist hip ratio was changed from 0.8858(base line) to 0.8728, but it was statistically insignificant. 4. The percent body fat was 35,16%(base line), 33.87%(after dieting), and 31.68%(after taking red ginseng compound preparation). 5. Complete blood cell count and blood chemisrty remained unaffected by the administration. 6. In concern to endocrinologic studies, T3 decreased from 118.7 to 98.2ng/dL, and T4 increased from 8.8 to 9.2㎕/ dL. Epinephrine showed a tendency to decreased from 0.27 to 0.25 ng/mL, and norepinephrine increased from 0.39 to 0.44ng/mL. 7. Leptin was not changed. 8. Some patients complained adverse effects; constipation(5 patients, may be due to diet therapy), fatigue (2 patients), pruritus(2 patients), flushing(s patients), dizziness(3 patients) and epigastric discomfort(2 patients). However their symptoms were mild, so medication did not stopped. In conclusion, loss of weight without significant side effects was observed during low calorie diet and red ginseng compound preparation administration. This is thought to be in relation to sympathetic nerve system rather than adrenal gland. Also, further long0term studies should be required, since the observed results were based on short-term changes in weight.

속단류의 성분 연구(1)

신승원,오현경 德成女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1996 藥學論文誌 Vol.7 No.1

The saponin fraction of Dipsacus asper Wall. was analysed. By utilizing silicagel column chromatography, 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl hedragenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1-6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (akebia saponin D) and one triterpene compound were isolated from saponin fraction. Analgesic effect of the isolated saponin was recognized by the hot plate method and acetic acid stimulating method in mice.

人間解放과 哲學의 理念

申午鉉 경북대학교 평화문제연구소 1987 평화연구 Vol.12 No.-

결찰양식이 교정용 브라켓과 교정선 사이의 마찰력에 미치는 영향

신현정,권오원,김교한 대한치과교정학회 1998 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.28 No.5

마찰력은 치아이동시 활주이동부에 유해한 인자로 인식되어져 왔으나 치아이동에 저항하는 고정원에 있어서는 유리한 인자로 받아들여질 수 있다. 즉 마찰력이 작은 결찰법들을 이용하여 효과적인 치아이동을 도모하는 반면 마찰력이 큰 결찰법들을 이용하여 브라켓의 걸림에 의해 치아이동이 거의 일어나지 않게 하면 고정원을 강화할 수 있다. 인공타액하에서 시간경과에 따른 교정선과 브라켓 사이의 마찰력 변화, 탄성 모듈과 스테인레스 강 결찰선을 이용하여 각각 결찰양식을 달리 하였을 때의 마찰력 변화 그리고 결찰재의 내료를 달리 하였을 때의 마찰력 변화를 알아보기 위하여 .018" ×.025" 슬롯의 상악 중절치용 standard edgewise twin 브라켓과 .017" ×.022" 스테인레스 강 교정선을 탄성 모듈, .009" 스테인레스 강 결찰선 그리고 .012" 스테인레스 강 결찰선을 이용하여 다양하게 결찰하였다. 또한 통상적인 방법으로 결찰한 탄성 모듈 결찰군을 결찰 직후와 1주 간격으로 4주간 마찰력을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. ·탄성 모듈 whole tie시 시간경과에 따른 마찰력은 4주 경과시 가장 높았으나 3주, 2주, 1주, 결찰 직후간에는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). ·탄성 모듈로 결찰시 마찰력은 twisting tie가 가장 높았고 double overlay tie, whole tie, half tie 순으로 나타났으나 twisting tie와 double overlay tie 간에는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). ·스테인레스 강 결찰선으로 결찰시 half tie 군이 whole tie 군보다 낮은 마찰력을 보였으며 ligature tying plier로 결찰한 경우가 needle holder로 결찰한 경우보다 더 높았고 .012" 결찰선을 이용한 경우가 .009" 결찰선을 이용한 경우보다 더 높았다(P<0.05). ·통상적인 방법으로 탄성 모듈과 스테인레스 강 결찰선을 이용하여 결찰한 경우 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). The frictional force has been considered as an harmful factor in an active unit where tooth movement occurs, but as an advantageous factor in anchor unit that resist tooth movement. That is, efficient tooth movement is planned by using ligation methods that have low levels of bracket-wire frictional force and the anchorage control can be achieved by using ligation methods that have high levels of bracket-wire frictional force that result in binding of the bracket accompanied by little or no tooth movement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frictional force generated between bracket and wire in accordance with the methods of ligation, the material of ligation and the passage of time under artificial saliva. Tested were 0.017×0.022inch stainless steel wires in standard edgewise twin brackets for upper central incisors in a 0.018-inch slot. The wires were ligated into the brackets with elastomeric modules and stainless steel ligatures. Whole tie, half tie, twisting tie and double overlay tie were done with elastomeric modules. With 0.009-inch stainless steel ligature whole tie and half tie were done by needle holder and whole tie by ligature tying plier. With 0.012-inch stainless steel ligature whole ties were done by needle holder. Whole tie groups of elastomeric module were kept in artificial saliva bath at 37℃ for 28 days. The frictional force was recorded by means of an Instron universial testing instrument (4202 INSTRON, Instron Co., U.S.A.) at initial, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results for ligated samples in a simulated oral environment revealed the following: ·In elastomeric module whole tie, 28days group was significantly greater mean static frictional force than any other group but there were no significant differences among any other group (p>0.05). ·Elastomeric module twisting tie were significantly greater mean static frictional forces than any other ligation method but there were no significant differences between twisting tie and double overlay tie(p>0.05). Twisting tie, double overlay tie, whole tie, half tie showed differences in decreasing order. ·Stainless steel half tie produced lower mean static frictional force than whole tie, ligature tying plier produced greater mean static frictional force than by needle holder and ligation with 0.012-inch stainless steel ligature produced greater mean static frictional force than with 0.009-inch stainless steel ligature (p<0.05). ·There were no significant differences between the mean static frictional forces of elastomeric whole tie and stainless steel whole tie (p>0.05).

치은섬유아세포의 MMP 발현에 대한 Nitric Oxide의 영향

신인식,윤상오,정현주 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2003 구강과학 Vol.15 No.1

Periodontitis are infectious diseases characterized by periodontal attachment loss and bone destruction. Various collagens, the predominant extracellular matrix (ECM) components of periodontium which produced by periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblasts, are the main targets of degradation in periodontitis. Among host proteases degrading the extracellular matrix, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are highly related to tissue destruction and remodeling events in periodontal diseases. The initial split of gingival and periodontal ligament collagens is a key feature of progressive and active periodontitis lesions or pockets, and this initial cleavage is carried out by the host cell-derived MMPs. It has been suggested that increased number and activity of phagocytes in periodontitis lesion results in a high degree of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite. There are few reports on the relationship between ROS and MMPs expressions in gingival fibroblast. This study showed that, especially nitric oxide, could be the critical mediator of periodontal disease progression through control of MMP-2 expression in gingival fibroblast possibly via Ras/NF-kappa B pathway.

고나트륨혈증후 발생한 중심성 뇌교및 외뇌교 수초 용해증 1예

신현길,성기범,오건세,안무영 순천향대학교 1994 논문집 Vol.17 No.2

중심성 뇌교 수초 용해증은 일반적으로 심한 기저질환을 지닌 환자에서 심한 저나트륨혈증이나 저나트륨혈증을 급속 교정후 오는 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 최근 만성 주정중독환자에서 심한 고나트륨혈증을 서서히 교정후 발생한 중심성 뇌교 및 외뇌교 수초 용해증을 뇌 자기공명 전산화 단층촬영으로 확진하였다. 심한 기저 질환을 가진 환자에서 장기간의 고나트륨혈증의 경우도 중심성 뇌교 수초 용해증을 일으킬 수 있기 때문에 이런 환자에서 저나트륨혈증뿐 아니라 고나트륨혈증도 피해야 될 것으로 사료된다.

아미노글리코사이드 사용제한에 따른 병원성 균혈증 유발 그람음성간균의 내성변화 및 임상적 의의

오종택,김신우,손종원,도병훈,한승우,신병철,박지현,이종명,김능수 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.4

목적 : 항균제 오남용으로 인한 내성균의 출현, 약물부작용의 발생 및 약제 비용의 증가는 환자 개인뿐만 아니라 사회적으로 문제가 되고 있다. 본 연구는 항생제의 오남용을 막기 위한 제도의 일환으로 시행한 아미노글리코사이드 사용 제한정책의 비용 효과적인 측면을 조사하고 그람음성간균에 의해 병원성 균혈증이 발생한 환자들을 대상으로 이 정책이 항생제 내성률과 환자 사망률에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 방법 : 930병상 규모의 3차 병원인 일개 대학병원에서 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한정책이 시행된 직후인 2002년 3월에서 9월 사이에 그람음성간균(Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia)에 의해 발생한 병원성 균혈증 환자 60명(실험군)과, 이 정책이 시행되기 전에 입원한 환자들 중 균주별로 같은 수만큼 선별한 병원성 균혈증 환자 60명(대조군)의 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과 : 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한정책이 시행된 시기인 2002년 3월에서 9월 사이에 처방된 아미노글리코사이드 사용량 및 비용을 이 정책이 시행되기 전인 2001년 3월에서 9월 사이와 비교한 결과, 아미노글리코사이드의 사용량(antimicrobial utilization density)은 사용제한 후 225.2에서 130.3으로 42% 감소하였고 약제 비용은 44% 감소하였다. 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한 후 병원성 균혈증을 유발한 그람 음성간균의 이 항생제에 대한 내성률은 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았으며 균혈증과 직접 연관된 사망률도 환자의 나이, 성별, 기저질환 및 원발병소 등을 보정할 경우 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(40.4% vs. 24.1%, P=0.11). 결론 : 아미노글리코사이드를 5일을 초과한 사용 시 감염전문가의 사전 승인을 필요로 하는 사용제한정책은 아미노글리코사이드의 사용량과 비용을 유의하게 감소시켰다. 또한 이 정책 시행 후 그람음성간균에 의한 균혈증 환자에서 균혈증으로 인한 사망률과 아미노글리코사이드에 대한 내성률은 유의한 차이가 없었다. Objective : To evaluate the effects of an aminoglycoside restriction policy on expenditures for aminoglycosides, antimicrobial resistance rates and clinical outcome of nosocomial bacteremia caused by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Methods : Starting in February, 2002, a prior consultation with an infectious disease specialist for using aminoglycoside antibiotics over 5 days was required in a 930-bed university hospital. In retrospective analysis of medical records 7 months after initiation of the aminoglycoside restriction policy, sixty cases of clinically relevant nosocomial bacteremia caused by GNB were found. These bacteremic patients were compared with sixty, species-matched, control patients with nosocomial Gramnegative bacteremia before the policy for total expenditures for aminoglycosides, susceptibility to antibiotics and clinical outcomes of bacteremia. Results : During the same period of 7 months before and after the restriction policy, total expenditures for aminoglycosides decreased by 44% in cost (from 465,030,841 Won to 259,618,337 Won) and the antimicrobial utilization density of aminoglycosides decreased by 42% (from 225,2 to 130.3). On the other hand, the patterns of antibiotic susceptibility and bacteremia-related in-hospital mortality rates after the policy did not show a significant change, compared with those before the policy. Conclusion : Antibiotic restrictions are among the most popular methods to diminish the practice of antibiotic overuse in hospitals. In this study, requirement for prior approval of aminoglycoside use over 5 days led to a significant decrease in the amount and cost of total aminoglycosides without a significant change in susceptibility patterns and bacteremia-related mortality rates.

自我槪念과 歷史理解 : 人間革命의 自我槪念 定立을 위한 豫備的 試圖

申午鉉 이화여자대학교 철학과 1978 마음 : 哲學論集 Vol.- No.1

NADPH의 안정화 및 이온토포레시스를 이용한 피부투과

신현택,이승연,오승열 숙명여자대학교 약학연구소 2005 약학논문집-숙명여자대학교 Vol.22 No.-

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) has antioxidant effect in the body and thus decreases the symptoms of senility. The development of a transdermal delivery formulation for NADPH is a very difficult task, due to its rapid decomposition by oxidation, low partition coefficient into stratum corneum, high molecular weight and electrical charge at neutral pH in aqueous solution. The purpose of this work is to test several anti-oxidants as the stabilizing agent for NADPH in the aqueous formulation, and to study the effect of these agents on the in-vitro iontophoretic transport through hairless mouse skin. The stability of NADPH in aqueous solution with/without various antioxidants such as butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), resveratrol, a-tocopherol and Vitamine C was studied. BHT an a-tocopherol (0.01 % w/w) exhibited minimal stabilizing effect, however resveratrol and vitamine C showed significant stabilizing effect. Stabilizing effect of vitamine C was proportional to the concentration in aqueous solution. Although vitamine C increased the stability ofNADPH significantly, it decreased flux of NADPH in a concentration dependent fashion, therapeutic amount ofNADPH can be delivered through skin using iontophoresis and These results suggest that, in order to develope a efficient iontophoresis formulation, it is important to choose a stabilizing agents which are not only potent in stabilizing effect but also not competitive for the delivery of NADPH.

批判的 思考의 本質과 批判的 思考敎育에 관한 探究

신동로,오현수 全北大學校 敎育大學院 1998 敎育論叢 Vol.18 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine the history of the terms 'a critical thinking' and to survey the nature and the education of one. The critical thinking movement seems to have begun with the work of John Dewey from 1910 to 1939 and his use of the terms 'reflective thinking' and 'inquiry' which he based on the scientific method. From 1940 to 1961, the meaning of the term 'critical thinking' broadened to include the examination of statements. From 1962 to 1979, The meaning of the term 'critical thinking' narrowed to exclude problem solving and the scientific method and include only the assessment of statements. With the contributions of Robert H. Ennis, John E. Mcpeck. Harvey Siegel, and Richard W. Paul from 1980 to the present, the meaning of the term 'critical thinking' has broaden to include aspects of problem solving. The meaning of the terms 'critical thinking' and 'problem solving' overlapped and intersected each other. The core meaning of the critical thinking is the propensity and the skills for participate in the thinking activities with the reflective skepticism about the objects of thinking within one's cognizance. The aims for the teaching of critical thinking and reasoning is to be well used the logical skills to judge about the decision-making and problem solving situation. Formal and informal logical education is essencial to success for the education of critical thinking. The education of critical thinking have to be learned through the debate and the discussion.