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Kim, Seongkyun,Kim, Hyoungkyu,Kralik, Jerald D.,Jeong, Jaeseung Public Library of Science 2016 PLoS computational biology Vol.12 No.8
<▼1><P>Determining the fundamental architectural design of complex nervous systems will lead to significant medical and technological advances. Yet it remains unclear how nervous systems evolved highly efficient networks with near optimal sharing of pathways that yet produce multiple distinct behaviors to reach the organism’s goals. To determine this, the nematode roundworm <I>Caenorhabditis elegans</I> is an attractive model system. Progress has been made in delineating the behavioral circuits of the <I>C</I>. <I>elegans</I>, however, many details are unclear, including the specific functions of every neuron and synapse, as well as the extent the behavioral circuits are separate and parallel versus integrative and serial. Network analysis provides a normative approach to help specify the network design. We investigated the vulnerability of the <I>Caenorhabditis elegans</I> connectome by performing computational experiments that (a) “attacked” 279 individual neurons and 2,990 weighted synaptic connections (composed of 6,393 chemical synapses and 890 electrical junctions) and (b) quantified the effects of each removal on global network properties that influence information processing. The analysis identified 12 critical neurons and 29 critical synapses for establishing fundamental network properties. These critical constituents were found to be control elements—i.e., those with the most influence over multiple underlying pathways. Additionally, the critical synapses formed into circuit-level pathways. These emergent pathways provide evidence for (a) the importance of backward locomotion, avoidance behavior, and social feeding behavior to the organism; (b) the potential roles of specific neurons whose functions have been unclear; and (c) both parallel and serial design elements in the connectome—i.e., specific evidence for a mixed architectural design.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>One of the most important scientific aims is to uncover the functional design principles of nervous systems. To reach this aim, it is useful to examine a complex nervous system that is both well specified and highly tractable, making the nematode roundworm <I>Caenorhabditis elegans</I> an attractive model system, especially since it is the only complete connectome currently available for analysis. In this computational study, we tested the effects of individual attacks on every neuron and synaptic connection in the <I>C</I>. <I>elegans</I> connectome to identify and characterize the most critical constituents of the network by quantifying the changes in key network properties of the connectome that influence information processing. Our analysis identified 12 neurons and 29 synapses critical to clustering, information integration and propagation. These critical constituents formed circuit-level structures that control network processing in the <I>C</I>. <I>elegans</I> connectome. We believe our study provides a significant advance in the understanding of the network topology of the <I>C</I>. <I>elegans</I> connectome, and provides insights into the fundamental architectural design of complex nervous systems.</P></▼2>
Non-monotonic reorganization of brain networks with Alzheimer's disease progression
Kim, HyoungKyu,Yoo, Kwangsun,Na, Duk L.,Seo, Sang Won,Jeong, Jaeseung,Jeong, Yong Frontiers Media S.A. 2015 FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE Vol.7 No.-
<P><B>Background:</B> Identification of stage-specific changes in brain network of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critical for rationally designed therapeutics that delays the progression of the disease. However, pathological neural processes and their resulting changes in brain network topology with disease progression are not clearly known.</P><P><B>Methods:</B> The current study was designed to investigate the alterations in network topology of resting state fMRI among patients in three different clinical dementia rating (CDR) groups (i.e., CDR = 0.5, 1, 2) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and age-matched healthy subject groups. We constructed density networks from these 5 groups and analyzed their network properties using graph theoretical measures.</P><P><B>Results:</B> The topological properties of AD brain networks differed in a non-monotonic, stage-specific manner. Interestingly, local and global efficiency and betweenness of the network were rather higher in the aMCI and AD (CDR 1) groups than those of prior stage groups. The number, location, and structure of rich-clubs changed dynamically as the disease progressed.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B> The alterations in network topology of the brain are quite dynamic with AD progression, and these dynamic changes in network patterns should be considered meticulously for efficient therapeutic interventions of AD.</P>
Clinical characteristics of females with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Korea
( Shinyoung Kim ),( Hyoungkyu Yoon ),( Chinkook Rhee ),( Yong Hyun Kim ),( Jin Hwa Lee ),( Ki Uk Kim ),( Ki Suck Jung ),( Kwang Ha Yoo ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2019 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.127 No.-
Tobacco smoking is established as a major risk factor of COPD. Over the years COPD has been considered as disease in men, however, the number of female COPD is increasing, especially in developing countries. The clinical characteristics of female COPD patients are not well known, particularly in Asia. We investigated the clinical characteristics of female COPD patients with large Korean COPD cohort. We analyzed the data from the Korea COPD Subgroup Study Cohort Study, whichis a multicenter observational study that includes 1662 patients who were enrolled from 45 tertiary and university-affiliated hospitals from December 2011 to October 2014. A total of 1662 patients were included in this study, 146 (8.8%) were females and 1516 (91.2%) were males. Females were less likely to be smoker, and shown to have more exposure to passive smoking and more exposure to biomass. Bronchiectasis and respiratory infection in childhood also appeared significantly higher infemale COPD, indicating that these also affected female COPD occurrence. Depression was significantly more common in female COPD. Although it was not statistically significant, severe exacerbations occurred frequently in female COPD patients, and the rate of lung function decline also tended to be faster in female COPD.The mMRC score, SGRQ-C score and CAT score of females were significantly higher than males respectively. Female COPD patients were more likely to report activity limitations, sleep disturbances and energy shortages. Female COPD patients were shown to higher FEV1% pred. and FEV1/FVC % than in male patients. Passive smoking, exposure to biomass, bronchiectasis and respiratory infection in childhood are judged to be important causative factors in female COPD patients. Severe exacerbations and rate of decline tended to higher in female COPD. In addition, the incidence of depression were high on female COPD and respiratory symptoms were more severe in female COPD.
임형규(Hyoungkyu Lim),최민영(Min young Choi),박찬식(Chansik Park),김영백(Young Back Kim),차은종(Eun-jong Cha) 대한전기학회 2010 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.7
eLoran 신호는 장파주파수 특성상 지상파 성분을 가지므로 지구 표면을 따라 전파된다. 따라서, eLoran의 항법해를 구할 때 TOA측정치는 직선거리나 구의 호의 길이가 아닌 타원체의 호의 길이를 고려하여야 한다. 기존의 eLoran 항법 알고리즘에서는 지구타원체호의 길이를 이용하지 않고 직선거리나 구의 호의 길이를 사용하여 타원체호의 길이와 직선거리나 구 호의 길이 간에는 거리의 차이가 존재하므로 잘못된 항법해를 얻는다. 본 논문에서는 지구타원체를 고려할 때에 거리의 차이를 보상하는 eLoran항법 알고리즘을 제안하였다.