폴리카보네이트 수지의 특성 및 용도

이효일(Hyo Il Lee),이종신(Jong Shin Lee) 한국고분자학회 1993 고분자 과학과 기술 Vol.4 No.6

Effects of RetroMTA on osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells

Hyo-Il Lee(이효일),Sung-Hyeon Choi(최성현),Ji-Hyun Jang(장지현),Hoon-Sang Chang(장훈상),Yun-Chan Hwang(황윤찬),In-Nam Hwang(황인남),Bin-Na Lee(이빈나),Won-Mann Oh(오원만) 대한치과재료학회 2018 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.45 No.2

황산 수용액내에서 4'-Halogenated Azoxybenzenes의 Wallach Rearrangement 반응에 대한 치환체효과 : 반응메카니즘과 Linear Free Energy Relationship

금삼록,이효일,Keum Sam-Rok,Lee Hyo-Il 대한화학회 1993 대한화학회지 Vol.37 No.1

진한 황상 용액에서 4'-halogenated azoxybenzene 유도체의 Wallach 자리옮김 반응을 UV-Vis 분광학적 방법으로 재조사하였다. 흥미롭게도 log(rate)와 pi 비편재화 파라미터라 불리우는 치환체 상수, ${\sigma}_R{^+}$와의 도시에서 아주 좋은 직선관계$(logk_{obs}=-0.61\;{\sigma}_R{^+} -3.29,\;{\gamma = 0.998)$를 얻었다. 그 겨로가로 공명효과에 의해 크게 안정화될 수 있는 즉 + 전하를 가진$(DC^{++})$중간체를 거치는 B-L 메카니즘이 Wallach 재배열 반응에 더욱 강력히 주장된다. The Wallach rearrangement of 4'-halogenated azoxybenzenes in strong sulfuric acid was reinvestigated by UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. Interestingly an excellent linearity $(logk_{obs}=-0.61\;{\sigma}_R{^+} -3.29,\;{\gamma = 0.998)$ was obtained on plotting log (rate) vs. substituent constant, ${\sigma}_R{^+}$, which is known as the Pi delocalization parameter. Thus B-H mechanism via a charged intermediate $(DC^{++})$, which can be largely stabilized by resonance, is far more favored for the Wallach rearrangement.

납형의 크기와 형태가 티타늄의 주조성에 미치는 영향

서윤정,오계정,이효일,신유진,김홍주,박상원,Seo, Yoon-Jeong,Oh, Gye-Jeong,Lee, Hyo-Il,Shin, Yoo-Jin,Kim, Hong-Joo,Park, Sang-Won 대한치과보철학회 2013 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.51 No.4

연구 목적: 본 연구는 납형의 크기 및 형태 변화가 티타늄의 주조성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 확인하고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 납형의 크기에 따라 Small Pattern군과 Large Pattern군으로 나누었고, 각각 Flat, Semicircular, Horse-shoe 및 V-shape형으로 납형의 형태에 따라 4개의 하위군으로 나누어 총 8개의 군으로 분류하였다. 모든 납형의 주입선은 Runner-bar형으로 하였다. 티타늄 주조 전용 매몰재인 실리카계 매몰재(Rematitan Plus$^{(R)}$, Dentarum, Germany)를 이용하여 매몰하였고, 아크용융 방식의 원심 주조기(Ti Cast Super R$^{(R)}$, Selec, Japan)를 사용하여 주조하였다. 주조성 평가는 완전한 형태로 주조 된 격자의 개수를 척도로 재현 정도를 확인하였다. 통계처리는 SPSS ver. 19.0 for WIN (SPSS. Inc. Chicago, IL, USA)를 사용하였다. 납형의 크기 및 형태에 따른 티타늄의 주조성을 이원변량 분산분석(Two-way ANOVA)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과:납형의 평균 재현율은 Small Pattern군은 95.14%, Large Pattern군은 94.30%로 Small Pattern군의 주조성이 유의하게 높았다(P<.05). 납형의 형태 변화에 따른 주조성은 Small Pattern군에서 Semicircular군 133.20개(96.52%), Horse-shoe군 132.40개(95.94%), Flat군 132.00개(95.65%), V-shape군 127.60개(92.46%) 순으로 감소하였다. Large Pattern군은 Flat군 198.60개(95.94%), V-shape군 197.80개(95.56%), Semicircular군 196.40개(94.88%), Horse-shoe군 188.00개(90.82%)순으로 감소하였다. Small Pattern군과 Large Pattern군 모두에서 납형의 형태변화에 따른 주조성은 유의할 만한 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>.05). 결론:주조체의 크기가 작을수록 주조성이 높아짐을 알 수 있었고 형태에 따른 주조성에서는 큰 영향을 받지 않는 것을 알 수 있었다. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of geometrically different wax pattern shapes and sizes on the castability of Grade2 Cp-Ti (commercially pure titanium). Materials and methods: Total of 40 mesh wax pattern ($61mm{\times}24mm$, 207 grids), ($61mm{\times}17mm$, 138 grids) was cast in this experiment. Depending on the geometrical shape of the wax pattern, 8 groups was organized; Flat, Semicircular, Horse-shoe and V-shape, each consisting 5 samples. Runner-bar sprue was used in all patterns. The number of completely cast grid in wax pattern served as a measure for the castability of comercially pure titanium. Results: The mean value of square count in each group was as followed; 133.20 squares in group SS (96.52%), 132.40 squares in group SH (95.94%), 132.00 squares in group SF (95.65%), 127.60 squares in SV (91.43%), 198.60 squares in group LF (95.94%), 197.80 squares in group LV (95.56%), 196.40 squares in group LS (94.88%), and 188.00 squares in group LH (90.82%). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study the results indicate that there were no sttistically significant difference in castability of titanium regarding wax pattern shape (P>.05). However, Small size wax patterns were showing the noticeable castability more than Large size pattern.

시･군 조정교부금제도의 개편에 관한 정책적 이슈

임성일(Sung-Il Lim),이효(Hyo Lee) 한국지방행정학회 2016 한국지방행정학보 (KLAR) Vol.13 No.3

Recently executed governmental reform policy for the City･County Grants for Fiscal Coordination is considered as a necessary measure for the normalization of the distorted system. However, the current reform measure seems to be not enough to recover the original identity of the City･County Grants for Fiscal Coordination due to the piecemeal and still biased approaches of the Government. To recover the original purpose of the Grants, there are no other ways but to reform the current distribution formulae. Specifically, the tax collection variable which influence 30% of the distribution of the Grant should be deleted and the role and relative importance of the population variable and fiscal capacity index are needed to be throughly re-examined.

現代마아케팅에 있어서의 包裝디자인

李孝一 誠信女子大學校 1981 硏究論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Package industry has developed along with the change of times as well as the development of culture. In other words, it has developed through changes in the marketing environment of the times, such as the development of industrial technology, changes in marketing formulas, progress in the consumer mode of living, and transportation and communication development. Today, marketing activities are conducted from the viewpoint of a buyer's market, aiming at satisfying the consumer demand. They are also intended for mass production, mass distrivution, and mass consumption. The meaning of the rerm “marketing”has also been broadened; it now refers to overall business managenemt activities, not just to simple sales activities. With resources and environmental problems today, in particular, there have emerged even the demand contrlo and social market theories. In order to boost the sales of products, the time has come for manufacturers to work out programs on their products, packing, and sales, by analyzing and closely reviewing consumers from a behavioral scientific viewpoint, rather than devoting their efforts only to improving their product quality. The development of supermarkets, self-service stores, and vending machines, has made consumers to personally select merchandise without a help of sellers but by just looking at packages. These marketing conditions should be reflected properly in package designing, in order to make packages fulfill their original function satisfactorily. In view of the general marketing characteristics today, packge designs should be programmed in the following directions: 1. Package designs should suit mass production, mass distribution, and mass sales. 2. Package designs should be programmed after fully reviewing in detail the consumer behaviors, living, and desires. 3. Package designs should be materialized according to sincere expressions and programs in order to lead buyers to repeated buying activities. 4. For the brand expression of package designs, it is necessary to select some letter types of a market individuality. It is desirable to select a block style which is easy to read. It will be better to have the letters in large size insofar as they are not out of place. 5. A copy entered on packages should be entered sincerely and detail. 6. Package design colors should be selected within the limit of primary and secondary colors so that they may give a strong impression on the display stand. 7. Any excessive packing should be avoided in order to cut down packing cost. For packing material, it is desirable to select paper which is easy to throw away and to be reclaimed. 8.In package designs products can be exposed or else the drawings or pictures of products should appear on the surface of packages so that contents of the product can be known readily to buyers. 9. Package designs should be programmed by conceptualizing them at the point where the characteristics of some products meet with consumer's desires.