우리나라 科學敎育의 변천 : 日本 과학교육 변천과 비교

呂煥鎭,朴順子 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1989 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.13 No.-

Our country's scientific education was based bringing up technicians. Before the more civilized form of education, in the Silla, Backje, and Kokuryo time period people studied arithrmetic, astronomy and medicine in every government office. After the coming of a modern education the Japanese controlled every part of the education system in Korea, including physics, chemistry, science and natural history. During the Japanese dictatorship, science was taught merely to get a job. All that was taught was the use of machines, which had a little to do with scientific items. In the transitional period science education was based on subject centered curriculum. In elementary school they taught social studies and science. In a secondary school they studied syllabus. In the first curriculum, science education was experience centered curriculum. In elementary school it was nature, middle school it was science, and high school you had a choice between physics, chemistry, biology, and earth science. In the second curriculum they were studied biology Ⅰ, earth science, physics Ⅰ, chemistry Ⅰ in civic science course. There were also biology Ⅰ, earth science, physics Ⅱ, chemistry Ⅱ, and biology Ⅱ in the science course that was absolutely neccesary. The third curriculum was discipline centered curriculum. It was Characterized by a general idea of the structure, widening of inquiry competency, and a widening to the attitude. In civic science course you were to choose between physics, chemistry, biology and earth science, while in the science course all of those had to be required. The fourth curriculum emphasised on an affective field more than the third curriculum. In the first grade of elementary school they taught wise living, in middle school the fields physics, chemistry, biology, and earth science was taught. In civic science course there were physics I, chemistry Ⅰ,biology Ⅰ, and earth science Ⅰ. In science course every part the sciences, Ⅰ and Ⅱ were taught. In the fifth curriculum grades 1 and 2 of elementary school studied wise living in civic science course science Ⅰ and science Ⅱ was taught and in science course science Ⅰ, physics and chemistry were required subjects and between biology and earth science they were taught one. In 1958 American science gradually moved toward Japanese science education. In middle school they divided science into two parts and in high school physics, chemistry, biology, and earth science were required. In 1968 Japan's science education based a lot on fundamental concepts of science. In high school basic science was instituted and you chose two subjects between physics Ⅰ·Ⅱ, chemistry Ⅰ·Ⅱ, biology Ⅰ·Ⅱ, earth science Ⅰ·Ⅱ. In 1977 Japanese science education was to regain humanity. In high school there were science Ⅰ and Ⅱ. But science Ⅰ was absolutely required. In 1988 Japanese Science education was characterized by the education of the respect of individuality. In grades Ⅰ·Ⅱ of elementary school wise living was taught. In the third grades of middle school there was more freedom in what they wanted to study. In high school total science, physics, chemistry, biology, and earth science was studied in every portion and students chose between ⅠA ⅠB and Ⅱ.

금속사출성형에 의한 중합금 소결체 부품 제조에 관한 연구

여환균,김병진,김길수,김성훈,송준호,한관희 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 2003 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.31 No.2

In this study we demonstrate that a small complex part of a tungsten-based heavy alloy (W-Ni-Cu) can be readily manufactured by utilizing the metal injection molding (MIM) technology. We use a simple thermoplastic binder system, containing low density polyethylene, paraffin wax, and stearic acid. To remove the organic binder from the molded part, we employ the solvent extraction and thermal debinding processes. Densification of debound parts is achieved by sintering in hydrogen atmosphere. The experimental results of the optimization of process variables to manufacture the heavy alloy part are described, with a brief discussion.

大學新入生의 化學의 基礎知識에 對한 調査硏究

呂煥鎭 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1979 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.3 No.-

白金錯物의 抗癌性에 對한 分子軌道論的 考察

呂煥鎭 慶北大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.37 No.-

Extened L.C.A.O.M.O. investigations in to the anticancer activity of platinum-complexes were carried out. Cis-Dichlorodiammine platinum (DDP) and its derivatives were successfully explained to have anticanccer activity but the trans-forms not to have. It has been found that the crystal field splitting of the cis-Pt complexes are narrower than that of the transforms, and the Pt-Cl bond strengths of cis-forms are weaker than that of the trans-forms. It could be belied that the cis-forms are more easily excited than the trans-forms, and the Pt-Cl bonds are easily breaking. It also found thau the bound beteen Pt-atom and Cl-atom in DDP molecules have jonic character, while Pt-N bond have covalent character. This means that the Cl-atom in DDp is easy to leave out as Cl^- in vivo. In Conclusions. It agress with experimental result that the species. <표 참조> combine to cellular component and interfere with the growth of cancer cell.

初·中等學校 科學敎育課程(化學嶺域)의 連繫性 考察

呂煥鎭,金鎭憲 慶北大學校 師範大學 1987 敎育硏究誌 Vol.29 No.-

We must select the adequate teaching-learning contents to the step of learning development to learn material and energy, the fundamental concepts of modern chemistry and it is inevitable that teaching-learning contents should connect between curricula of elementary-secondary school. Therefore this study analyze the following items on chemistry sphere of science curricula in elementary-middle-high school. 1) The character of chemistry-education. 2) The objective. 3) The learning-contents in units and concept sphere. 4) The contents and inquiry process in experiments. The major findings of this study are drawn as follows: 1) The connection is considered in the character of chemistry education. 2) The connection is considered well in general objective and affective objective but badly in cognitive and psychomotar objective. 3) The connection of the unit in learning contents is considered well between elementary school and middle school but badly on the whole. The connection of the learning-contents is different according to concept sphere and the connection between middle school and high school is better than that between elementary school and middle school. 4) The mean ratios of elements in inquiry process is increased gradually acceding to the level of each degree-school but is relatively high in middle school.

有機및 無機發癌物質의 化學發癌性에 對한 分子軌道論的 硏究

呂煥鎭 慶北大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

The formation of a loosely bound molecular complex between chemical carcinogen and a cellular component was showned to be first step of Carcinogenesis. Assuming that some positions in the carcinogenic molecule play an important role in forming the molecular complex, the electron distribution of several organic precarcinogens and their metabolites was examined by means of HMO method. The results showed that the ability of accepting electrons at the two carbons of K-region and the atom of L-region in proximity of K-region increases with the proceeding of the metabolism that is in order of precarcinogen, proximate carcingen, ultimate carcinogen charged positively. Accordingly, the first step of Carcinogenesis is considered to be essential the formation of a positive ion as the result of metabolism. From this point of view, an attempt has been made to account for the carcinogenic activity of inorganic elements. It has been found as the result of comparison with experiments that a quantity named "excess polarizing strength" is qualified as good measure to predict the carcinogenic activity of inorganic elements. All elements which is above 0.22 in the value of "excess polarizing strength" have carcinogenic activity. The unified interpretation of the carcinogenicity of both organic compounds and inorganic elements may be possible on the assumption that the formation of molecular complex between a carcinogen and a cellular component is essential to the formation in the metabolism of positive ion in the body as an ultimate carcinogen.

두 자리 리간드를 가진 루테늄 착물의 합성과 분광학적 및 전기화학적 성질

박일환,여환진 慶北大學校 師範大學 科學敎育硏究所 1999 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.23 No.-

A new Ruthenium complex containing bik ligand, which is a bidentate ligand, had been prepared and characterized. And we examined its electrochemical behavior by using Raman spectroscopy and Cyclic Voltammetry. We prepared bidentate ligand, bis(1-methylimidazole)ketone, and synthesized a new ruthenium complex containing this bidentate ligand, [Ru(bpy)_(2)(bik)]^(2+). These ligand and complex were characterized by using ^(1)H-NMR and MASS. The ruthenium complex showed a reversible one-electron oxidation process chemically and electrochemically. According to the data from the Raman spectroscopy and Cyclic Voltammetry study, we confirmed that an electron was transferred from d_(π) orbital of ruthenium metal to p_(π) orbital of the ligand.

Eagle씨 증후군의 치험례

오승환,이상철,윤옥병,지유진,김여갑,류동목 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1996 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.18 No.3

Eagle's syndrome is the term given to symtomatic elogation of the styloid process or mineralization of the stylohyoid or stylomandibular ligament. Since ossification of stylohyoid ligament at cadeva was fist described by De Manchetics in 1652 and Weinlecher described clinical symptom which produced by elongated styloid process and osteotomy of styloid process in 1872, Clinical symptom which include sensation of a foreign body on the pharynx, dysphagai, dysphonia, referred pain, and mouth opening disturbance was termed by Eagle as Eagle's syndrome. then, case reports of Eagle's syndrome are presented. in these cases, the patient's chief complaints included periauricular radiating pain, mouth opening disturbance, foreign body sensation, dysphagia, tenderness on the neck. Through vairous X-ray examination and palpation of tonsillar fossa, elongted styloid process were confirmed. Under the general anesthesia there were successfully removed out via transoral approach technique, described by Eagle. after resented styloid process, they were freed from the symptoms without further complication. Therefor we reported these cases treated by surgical resection of styloid process with good results.

아동기 가정 내 스트레스가 공동의존성에 미치는 영향 및 공동의존성과 정신병리와의 관련성

곽운환,손지욱,한규희,박철수,김장락,김붕년,김봉조,강여화,하형래 대한생물치료정신의학회 2003 생물치료정신의학 Vol.9 No.1

연구목적: 본 연구는 공동의존성에 영향을 미치는 아동기 가정내 스트레스 요인과 공동의존성과 다른 병리와의 연관성을 규명하고자 하였다. 더불어 특정한 질환에서의 공동의존성의 평가가 가지는 의의를 탐색해 보고자 하였다. 방 법: 연구 대상은 정상 일반인 남성집단 88명과 알코올리즘 남성 집단 76명으로 구성되어 있다. 평가도구는 본 저자가 직접 작성한 '아동기 가정내 스트레스 요인 측정용 설문'과 공동의존 척도(RPS), 간이증상 진단검사(SCL-90-R)를 사용하였다. 통계적 분석은 Mann-Whitmey test, Kruskall- Wallis test, Multiple linear regression analysis, Spearman correlation analysis를 이용하였다. 결 과: 1) 정상 일반인 군과 알코올리즘 군의 공동의존성 평균값은 각각 49.12점(표준편차=15.41)과 88.31점(표준편차=17.48)이었다. 2) 정상 일반인 군에서는 '아동기 부모 사별'(p<0.01) '부모의 알코올리즘'(p<0.01) '부모의 상습적 구타'(p<0.01)의 3가지 요인에서, 알코올리즘 군에서는 '어린시절 부모 사별'(p<0.01) '부모의 알코올리즘'(p<0.01) '부모의 상습적 구타'(p<0.01) '부도의 도박'(p<0.01) '사회 병질자 부모의 존재'(p<0.05)의 5가지 요인에서 스트레스 유무에 따라 공동의존성에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 3) 두 집단 동시에 SCR-90-R의 8개 소척도 중 '대인관계 예민성'이 공동의존성과 가장 높은 연관성(rs>0.06, p<0.01)을 보였다. 이외에도 '우울증' '불안증'등이 두 집단 모두에서 통계적으로 유의한 연관성을 보였다. 결 론: 본 연구는 부모의 알코올리즘뿐만 아니라 여러 가정 내 스트레스 요인이 공동의존성의 발생에 영향을 미칠 수 있음과 공동의존성이 높은 집단이 다른 정신과 질환을 동반할 가능성이 높음을 증명한다고 할 수 있다. Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the relationships of codependency with family stressors in childhood and psychopathology. Methods : Subjects were a group of 88 normal adult males and a group of 76 alcoholic males. The degree of codependency was assessed with the Korean version of Recovery Potential Survey(RPS). All subjects filled out questionnaires regarding demographic information and family stressors. The psychopathology was measured by self-administred questionnaires using Symptom Check List-90-Revision(SCL-90-R). Results : 1) There were no significant differences in codependency levels by sociodemographic characteristics in two groups, but obvious difference in mean of codependency scores(normal group : 49.12±15.41, alcoholism group : 88.31±17.48). 2) There were significant differences in codependency levels between the presence and absence of parental physical abuse, parental death, and parental alcoholism(p<0.01) in both groups. 3) Among family stressors, parental physical abuse had the largest contribution to codependency level in multiple linear regression. 4) There were significant correlations between the codependency levels and the scores of SCL-90-R's subscales of interpersonal sensitivity, depression, and anxiety in both groups. Conclusion : The codependency levels were related to some family stressors such as parental physical abuse, parental death, and parental alcoholism and the high-level codependency was correlated with higher level of psychopathology in both normal and alcoholism group. These results suggested that various family stressors, as well as parental alcoholism may be predictors of codependency, and codependency also may be a predictor of other psychiatric disorders.

科學的 態度評價의 方法開發에 關한 硏究

吳岱變,呂煥鎭 경북대학교 교육대학원 1982 논문집 Vol.14 No.-

The scientific attitudes is divided into eight categories, that is, voluntary, positiveness, continuation, Application, Honesty, Safety, Accuracy and Objectivity. The general measuring scale and forty weiv points are suggested to evaluatl the growth of these attitudes. In this article we discussed about the results of paper tests of scientific attitudes for the elementary school pupils. It was found that the objectives are developed but the positiveness leave something to be desired.