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George Belev,Safa Kasap,J.A. Rowlands,David Hunter,Martin Yaffe 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.3,4
Stabilized a-Se lms deposited at suciently low substrate temperatures aren-like in which electrons can drift but holes are deeplytrapped. Such layers can be conveniently incorporated in a multilayer a-Se detector structure to block the injection of holes from thepositive electrode. We have shown that a simple double-layer detector structure based on a cold depositedn-layer (which is thenannealed) on which an i-like layer is grown can have dark current densities lower than 10. 10 Acm. 2 at a eld of 10 V/l m. The darkcurrent depends on the thickness of then-like layer. An a-Se X-ray detector for slot scanning was fabricated by having thein a-Se photo-conductor structure coated onto a CCD chip. The latter detector was shown to have excellent resolution with a modulation transfer func-tion remaining above 0.5 up to a spatial frequency of 11-14 lp mm-¹
Performance-Based Value Engineering Application to Public Highway Construction
이민재,임종권,George Hunter 대한토목학회 2010 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.14 No.3
Public works sector programs such as highway construction and infrastructure projects are increasingly being criticized for delivering projects that fail to meet the following objectives: 1) Achieving expected project goals, 2) Achieving project delivery within a reasonable amount of time, or 3) Costs within their budgeted amounts. Performance based value engineering methodology can help to find ways to improve solutions to these problems by providing a measured balance in cost, schedule, and scope via the generation of a large quantity of innovative alternatives. This requires a motivated team of multi-disciplined professionals in cooperation with well-established project stakeholders who are stimulated and guided by the appropriate process. This study shows the performance measurement based value engineering method and process, and case study applications. The authors found that the project can significantly save cost and improve performance of project functions by using the appropriate VE process at the appropriate time. In addition, this study shows an example of a VE case study that applies the performance measurement process,which led to a very innovative, less expensive way to provide innovative toll plaza modification project. Finally, this study summarizes the benefits and effectiveness of the proposed methodology with recommendations.