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Yang, Jie,Uddin, Mohammad Afsar,Tang, Yumin,Wang, Yulun,Wang, Yang,Su, Huimin,Gao, Rutian,Chen, Zhi-Kuan,Dai, Junfeng,Woo, Han Young,Guo, Xugang American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.27
<P>We present here a series of wide-band-gap (<I>E</I><SUB>g</SUB>: >1.8 eV) polymer donors by incorporating thiophene-flanked phenylene as an electron-donating unit and quinoxaline as an electron-accepting co-unit to attain large open-circuit voltages (<I>V</I><SUB>oc</SUB>s) and short-circuit currents (<I>J</I><SUB>sc</SUB>s) in nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs). Fluorination was utilized to fine-tailor the energetics of polymer frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) by replacing a variable number of H atoms on the phenylene moiety with F. It was found that fluorination can effectively modulate the polymer backbone planarity through intramolecular noncovalent S···F and/or H···F interactions. Polymers (P2-P4) show an improved molecular packing with a favorable face-on orientation compared to their nonfluorinated analogue (P1), which is critical to charge carrier transport and collection. When mixed with IDIC, a nonfullerene acceptor, P3 with two F atoms, achieves a remarkable <I>V</I><SUB>oc</SUB> of 1.00 V and a large <I>J</I><SUB>sc</SUB> of 15.99 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, simultaneously, yielding a power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.7%. Notably, the 1.00 V <I>V</I><SUB>oc</SUB> is among the largest values in the IDIC-based OSCs, leading to a small energy loss (<I>E</I><SUB>loss</SUB>: 0.62 eV) while maintaining a large PCE. The P3:IDIC blend shows an efficient exciton dissociation through hole transfer even under a small energy offset of 0.16 eV. Further fluorination leads to the polymer P4 with increased chain-twisting and mismatched FMO levels with IDIC, showing the lowest PCE of 2.93%. The results demonstrate that quinoxaline-based copolymers are promising donors for efficient OSCs and the fluorination needs to be fine-adjusted to optimize the interchain packing and physicochemical properties of polymers. Additionally, the structure-property correlations from this work provide useful insights for developing wide-band-gap polymers with low-lying highest occupied molecular orbitals to minimize <I>E</I><SUB>loss</SUB> and maximize <I>V</I><SUB>oc</SUB> in nonfullerene OSCs for efficient power conversion.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Huimin Yang,Guoli Liu,Shubin He,Yuying Shen,Xiaoyan Zhang 한국초지조사료학회 2009 한국초지조사료학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.08
Forage production and water use efficiency (WUE) of Lucerne were investigated in three varieties at different water availabilities. Forage production decreased with the severity of soil water availability. At 50% field water capacity (FWC), forage production dropped but in two varieties, Algonquin and Longdong, was still high and from 75%FWC to 50%FWC, forage production in Longdong decreased at the least rate. The greatest leaf WUE was observed in Longdong at all soil water availabilities. From 75%FWC to 50%FWC, it increased in Longdong and Xinjiangdaye, but decreased in Algonquin. With the severity of water deficit, δ¹³C value increased in all three varieties. At the same water availability, the greatest value was observed in Longdong. It suggested that moderate water stress can improve WUE in Lucerne. Longdong is to some extent more efficient in water use and may be more drought-tolerant with more steady production at moderate water deficit.
Functional analysis of prv-miR-LLT11a encoded by pseudorabies virus
Huimin Liu,Li Yang,Zhibin Shi,Ruiqi Lv,Xia Yang,Chuanqing Wang,Lu Chen,Hongtao Chang 대한수의학회 2019 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.20 No.6
Viral-encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) play have vital roles in the regulations of virus replications and host immune responses. The results of previous studies have indicated that miRNA clusters are involved in the replication and virulence of the pseudorabies virus (PRV), which may potentially lead to the immune escape or facilitation of PRV replications. This study's previous research revealed that the prv-mirmiR-LLT11a was differentially expressed during PRV infections. The present study's results have demonstrated that the prv-miR-LLT11a could significantly inhibit PRV replications. It was further determined that SLA-1 was the target gene of the prv-miR-LLT11a, and simultaneously, thate overexpression of prv-miR-LLT11a could down-regulate the mRNA and protein levels of SLA-1 in a dose-independent manner. Furthermore, the present study also found observed that the prv-miR-LLT11a canhad also down-regulated the TAP1 expressions. Our findings provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism involved in on the effects of prv-miR-LLT11a on SLA-1 and TAP1, as well as and its involvement in a potential immune system evasion of PRV.