효소 Lipoxygenase의 신규기질 : Acylglycerol, acylethanolamide, lysophospholipids 및 phospholipids

황룡쌍,류희문,박천호,석대은 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2007 藥學論文集 Vol.22 No.-

Lipoxygenase belongs to a diverse family of nonheme ferroproteins that oxygenate polyenoic fatty acids containing 1,4-pentadiene structure to form their corresponding hydroperoxy derivatives. Lipoxygenases (LOXs), widely distributed in animals and plants, have a key function in the formation of biologically active substances from pulyunsaturated fatty acids. Generally, free polyunsaturated fatty acids, liberated from membrane phospholipids via phospholipase-catalyzed hydrolysis, are used as substrates for LOXs. Although it is acknowledged that free polyunsaturated fatty acids are preferred to phospholipids or triglycerides as substrates, there have been recent reports that mammalian enzymes can oxidize certain phospholipids. Especially, reticulocyte LOX (15-LOX) leukocyte 15-LOX, leukocyte LOX (12-LOX) can oxygenate complex substrates such as phospholipids and biomembranes. In addition, acylglycerol and acylethanolamide are utilized by lipoxygeanse as well as cycoloxygenase; the latter enzyme contributes to generation of bioactive prostanoids derivative. Furthermore, lysophosphatidylcholine or lysophosphatidic acid containing linoleoyl or arachidonoyl moieties are known to be oxygenated by reticulocyte LOX, leukocyte 15-LOX or leukocyte-type 12-LOX; oxygenated lysophospholipids can play a carrier role in transporting oxygenated derivatives. Thus, the use of various lipid substrates as new substrates for lipoxygenase may extend the physiological roles of those lipids containing unsaturated fatty acyl chains.

Development of non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics for an alternative of infant formula using egg white, yolk, and soy proteins

Xi Huang,이은주,안동욱 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.6

Objective: A study was conducted to develop non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics using egg white, egg yolk, soy protein and their combinations, and their nutrient content, shelf-life and flavor acceptability were compared. Methods: Spray dried egg white, egg yolk, and soy protein isolate were purchased from manufacturers and used for the formulae. Results: The protein contents of the non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics were about 8.5% as calculated. The amounts of oleic and linoleic acid content increased as the amount of yolk increased in the formula, but the increases of polyunsaturated fatty acids were <0.5% of total fat. Addition of egg yolk to the formula increased choline and lutein content in the products, but the amounts were <0.4 mg/g for choline and 4 μg/g for lutein. The lutein in the products continued to decrease over the storage time, and only about 15% to 20% of the 0-month amounts were left after 3 months of storage. Although the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values of the spray-dried non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics increased as storage time increased, the values were still low. Yellowness, darkness, and egg flavor/odor of the non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics increased as the amount of egg yolk in the formula increased. The overall acceptability of the non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics was closely related to the intensity of egg flavor/odor, but storage improved their overall acceptance because most of the off-odor volatiles disappeared during the storage. Water temperature was the most important parameter in dissolving spray-dried non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics, and 55°C to 75°C was the optimal water temperature conditions to dissolve them. Conclusion: Higher amounts of yolk and soy protein combinations in place of egg white reduced the cost of the products significantly and those products contained better and balanced nutrients than the commercial coffee creamers. However, off-flavor and solubility were two important issues in the products.

The Trend of Healthcare Architecture in China

Huang, Xi Qiu 한국의료복지시설학회 2001 한국의료복지시설학회 국제학술심포지엄 Vol.- No.5

지금 중국은 과거 어느 때보다 의료시설이 빠르게 발전하고 있다. 몇 개의 새로운 시설을 제외하고, 기존의 많은 건물들이 확장이나 리노베이션을 하는 것을 여러 곳에서 볼 수 있다. 경제적 발달이 의료서비스에 대한 요구를 자극해온 것이 사실이다. 이것은 의료시설의 수준이 더 높아져야 함을 의미한다. 통계를 보면 이러한 큰 변화를 지적하고 있다. 한 예로 병상수를 들 수 있겠다. 1949년 8만 병상에서 1995년 314만 병상으로 증가했다. 같은 시기에 의료복지법인은 2,600에서 19,000으로 증가했다. 물리적 관점에서 본다면, 의료복지는 이러한 동향들을 반영하고 있다. 다음은 의료서비스에 큰 영향을 끼친 몇 가지 요인들이다. 첫째, 보다 나은 의료서비스를 향한 열망이다. 이것은 기존의 자원을 향상시키는 등, 더 나은 의료시설에 대한 요구를 불러일으켰다. 몇 가지 점에서 이러한 변화를 설명할 수 있겠다. 첫 번째 관점은 환자에게 보다 아늑하고 프라이버시가 있도록 마련해주는 것이다. 예를 들자면, 예전의 간호병상 디자인은 몇 개의 다인실이 하나의 큰 세면장을 공유하는 것이 일반적이었다. 이제는 세면장이 딸린 1인실이나 2인실로 바뀌고 있다. 다른 예로는 중앙 공조시스템의 채택이다. 최근 몇년간, 중국북부의 몇개 안되는 병원들만이 중앙난방시스템을 할 수 있었다. 현재, 중앙공조시스템은 매우 널리 쓰이고 있다. 두 번째 관점은 발달된 의료기술의 영향력이다. 컴퓨터 단층촬영(CT), 핵자기공명진단(NMR), 디지털 엔지오(DSA), 전자방사단층촬영(PET), 자동생리분석기, 등등이 많은 병원에서 사용되고 있다. 이러한 고가장비들은 대도시의 큰 병원뿐만이 아니라, 보다 낮은 등급의 작은 병원에서도 사용되고 있다. 컴퓨터기술에서도 역시 큰 영향을 받고 있다. 원격의료, 원격촬영은 자주 거론되어지고 몇개 시설에서는 이미 실험적으로 사용되고 있으며 몇몇 의료시설에는 PACT나 BAS가 설치되어 있다. 미래에는 디지털 컴퓨터 기술이 미래의 의료서비스와 의료시설 양방에 급격한 변화를 가져올 것이다. 위에 언급한 이러한 변화들은 아래에 보다 자세히 설명될 수 있겠다. Healthcare facilities are developing faster than ever before in China now. Except some new facilities, a big number of expansion/renovation of existing institutions could be seen in many places. In fact, Economic development has stimulated the need of people health service. This includes the need of higher level of healthcare architecture. Official data indicates this great change. Number of hospital bed for example. It was increased from 80,000 bed in 1949 to 3140,000 bed in 1995. Health care institution was increased from 2,600 to 19,000 during the same period. From the physical point of view, healthcare architecture is reflecting these trends. There are several factors, which bring the great impacts on healthcare service. The first one is the eager of better health service. This brings the need of better health facilities as well as the upgrading of existing resources. Several points could explain this change. The first point is provide more amenity and more privacy for patients. In nursing ward design, for instances. one central washing room shared by several muliti bed wards is a common way in previous design. Now it is replaced by single or double bed ward with annex washing room. Another example is the adoption of central air conditioning system. In previous years, only hospitals that located in northern part of China could be installed with central heating system. Right now, central air conditioning system is very popular. The second point is the impact that comes from of the advanced medical technique. Computerized Tomography machine (CT), Nucleu Magnetic Resonance machine (NMR), Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Automatic biochemical Analyzer, … etc, could be seen in many hospitals. Those expensive machines are accepted and installed not only in large size hospitals in large city, but also smaller size hospitals at lower level institutions. The great impact also come computer technique. Tele-medicine Tele-radiology are discussed and put into experiment practice in several institutions. Several Healthcare institutions are equipped with PACT and BAS. Digital computer techniques would bring us the radical change both in healthcare service as well as healthcare facility itself in future. These changes mentioned above could be elaborated in more details as below:

The Incidence of Muscle Abnormalities in Broiler Breast Meat – A Review

Xi Huang,Dong Uk Ahn 한국축산식품학회 2018 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.38 No.5

The dramatic improvements in the growth rate and breast muscle size and yield in broilers through the intensive genetic selection, and the improvement in nutrition and management over the past 50 years have introduced serious abnormalities that influenced the quality of breast meat. The abnormalities include pale-soft-exudative (PSE) conditions, deep pectoral muscle (DPM) myopathy, spaghetti meat (SM), white striping (WS), and woody breast (WB) that have serious negative implications to the broiler meat industry. The incidences of PSE and DPM have been known for several decades, and their prevalence, etiology and economic impact have been well discussed. However, other abnormalities such as SM, WS and WB conditions have been reported just for few years although these conditions have been known for some time. The newly emerging quality issues in broilers are mainly associated with the Pectoralis major muscles, and the incidences have been increased dramatically in some regions of the world in recent years. As high as 90% of the broilers are affected by the abnormalities, which are expected to cause from $200 million to $1 billion economic losses to the U.S. poultry industry per year. So, this review mainly discusses the histopathological characteristics and biochemical changes in the breast muscles with the emphasis on the newly emerging abnormalities (SM, WS, and WB) although other abnormalities are also discussed. The impacts of the anomalies on the nutritional, functional, mechanical and sensory quality of the meat and their implications to the poultry industry are discussed.

Trend of Healthcare Architecture in China

Huang, Xi Qiu 한국의료복지시설학회 2002 의료·복지 건축 Vol.8 No.2

본 연구는 경제성장과 함께 빠르게 발전하고 있는 중국의료시설의 최근 의료 환경과 의료시설의 변화 동향을 분석한 것으로, 병원의 디자인, 병동 유니트 계획, 의료자원의 지역적 불균형과 건축기준 등 다각도의 변호 동향을 사진, 도면과 함께 제시하였으며, 중국 의료시설의 문제점과 과제를 정리하였다. 중국의 의료시설은 현재 급속한 성장기에 놓여 있으며, 그 과정에서 의료자원의 대도시 집중과 병원의 대형화 현상으로 지역적 의료자원의 불균형 문제가 나타나고 있고, 환자부족으로 중소병원의 경영문제가 심각한 반면, 대규모 병원은 환자집중으로 긴 대기 시간과 혼잡함 등의 문제가 나타나고 있다. 또한 대규모병원과 중소병원 간 의료자원의 과다한 중복으로 비효율성 문제가 지적되고 있어 합리적인 경제기반에 기초한 효율적인 의료시설과 건물시스템을 어떻게 개발할 것인가 하는 점이 중국 의료시설의 큰 과제중의 하나가 되고 있다.

淸世宗謚寶之滿文篆字硏究

( Xi Hui Huang ) 한국알타이학회 2013 알타이학보 Vol.0 No.23

32 Stales of Manchu Zhuan Charcters was created after Chinese 32 Zhuan Characters in Year 13 of the Qianlong Dynasty, and 10 of them were used in the Royal Sea side by side with their corresponding Chinese Zhuan Character. The Manchu Yuzhu Zhuan on Postumous Imperial Jade Seas exemplified such application, but some errors like false variation, fabrication, hodgepodge, dislocation, and deficiency of letters appeared on the seals of emperors and empresses and those of the officials. This paper identifies and investigates the mistakes and ire-gularities of Zhuan Characters on two Qing Shi Zong`s posthumous imperial jade seals. These errors are neither accidental nor individual. According to this study, similar errors appear in varying degrees in almost all posthumous jade seals of the emperors and empresses in successive Qing Dynasties. The study reveals that Manchu Zhuan Char-acters were not standardized even in Qing Dynasty; therefore further studies of Manchu Zhuan Characters deserve more attention.

An Automatic Str abismus Scr eening Method with Corneal Light Reflex based on Image Processing

Xi-Lang Huang,Chang Zoo Kim,Seon Han Choi 한국멀티미디어학회 2021 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.24 No.5

Improvement of mass source/sink for an immersed boundary method

Huang, Wei-Xi,Sung, Hyung Jin John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2007 International journal for numerical methods in flu Vol.53 No.11

<P>An improved immersed boundary method using a mass source/sink as well as momentum forcing is developed for simulating flows over or inside complex geometries. The present method is based on the Navier–Stokes solver adopting the fractional step method and a staggered Cartesian grid system. A more accurate formulation of the mass source/sink is derived by considering mass conservation of the virtual cells in the fluid crossed by the immersed boundary. Two flow problems (the decaying vortex problem and uniform flow past a circular cylinder) are used to validate the proposed formulation. The results indicate that the accuracy near the immersed boundary is improved by introducing the accurate mass source/sink. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>

Conversion from CUL4-based COP1–SPA E3 apparatus to UVR8–COP1–SPA complexes underlies a distinct biochemical function of COP1 under UV-B

Huang, Xi,Ouyang, Xinhao,Yang, Panyu,Lau, On Sun,Chen, Liangbi,Wei, Ning,Deng, Xing Wang National Academy of Sciences 2013 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.110 No.41

<P>The evolutionarily conserved CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 1 (COP1) is a RING and WD40 protein that functions as a substrate receptor of CULLIN4–DAMAGED DNA BINDING PROTEIN 1 (CUL4–DDB1)–based E3 ubiquitin ligases in both plants and animals. In <I>Arabidopsis</I>, COP1 is a central repressor of photomorphogenesis in the form of COP1–SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA (SPA) complex(es). CUL4–DDB1–COP1–SPA suppresses the photomorphogenic program by targeting the transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 for degradation. Intriguingly, under photomorphogenic UV-B light, COP1 reverses its repressive role and promotes photomorphogenesis. However, the mechanism by which COP1 is functionally switched is still obscure. Here, we demonstrate that UV-B triggers the physical and functional disassociation of the COP1–SPA core complex(es) from CUL4–DDB1 and the formation of a unique complex(es) containing the UV-B receptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8). The establishment of this UV-B–dependent COP1 complex(es) is associated with its positive modulation of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 stability and activity, which sheds light on the mechanism of COP1’s promotive action in UV-B–induced photomorphogenesis.</P>

Effect of irradiation temperature on the nanoindentation behavior of P92 steel with thermomechanical treatment

Huang Xi,Shen Yinzhong,Li Qingshan,Li Xiaoyan,Zhan Zixiong,Li Guang,Li Zhenhe 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.7

The nanoindentation behavior of P92 steel with thermomechanical treatment under 3.5 MeV Fe13þ ion irradiation at room temperature, 400 and 700 C was investigated. Pop-in behavior is observed for all the samples with and without irradiation at room temperature, while the temperature dependence of pop-in behavior is only observed in irradiated samples. The average load and penetration depth at the onset of pop-in increase as the irradiation temperature increases, in line with the results of the maximum shear stress. Irradiation induced hardening is exhibited for all irradiated samples, but there is a significant reduction in the hardness of sample irradiated at 700 C in comparison to the samples irradiated at room temperature and 400 C. The ratio of hardness to elastic modulus for all samples decreases with increasing penetration depth except for samples at 700 C. With the increasing of irradiation temperature, the ratio of the irreversible work to the total work gradually decreases. In contrast, it increases for samples without irradiation