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Social divisions, party support, and the changes in the Thai party system since 2001
Kai-Ping Huang,Stithorn Thananithichot 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2018 International Area Studies Review Vol.21 No.3
This article investigates the interactions of socioeconomic characteristics and electoral outcomes at the constituency level to demonstrate the change in the Thai party system since 2001. Probing the effects of the agricultural population and income inequality on electoral outcomes in the proportional representation (PR) tier, this article finds that the Thai Rak Thai Party (TRT) and the Democrat Party (DP) attracted voters with opposite social standings. While voters residing in the provinces with substantial agrarian populations tended to vote more for the TRT than the DP, constituencies with highly unequal income distribution were more likely to be DP supporters. The findings provide evidence against alternative explanations, including regionalism and support for a charismatic leader, for the TRT’s consecutive victories. Due to the convergence between social divisions and party support, the Thai party system has become stable and strong enough to resist short-term interventions, implying that the future electoral outcomes will likely be similar.
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Still Aquamarine: China Factor and the 2020 Election Revisited
Kai-Ping Huang 충남대학교 아시아여론연구소 2023 Asian journal for public opinion research Vol.11 No.2
The DPP's victory over the KMT in Taiwan's 2020 elections has been interpreted as a triumph for anti-China sentiment. However, the rise of political outsiders and their influence on voting behavior in this election were overlooked and underestimated. In this article, we examined different sources of data and found that supporters of these political outsiders mentioned sovereignty and cross-Strait issues less than the incumbent Tsai Ing-wen. However, when faced with the choice between Tsai and challenger Han Kuo-yu, voters who were concerned about governance chose Tsai, contributing to her winning a record number of votes. This article suggests that economic and governance issues had a considerable role in the election's result and will probably be the main focus of the 2024 presidential election. With the potential for a conflict in the Taiwan Strait increasing, anti-China sentiment is unlikely to be the deciding factor this time around.
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Myanmar's 2020 election: Explaining the strong performance of the NLD and some ethnic parties
Huang Kai-Ping 동아시아연구원 2022 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.22 No.2
Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) won another landslide victory in the 2020 general election. Although there was widespread dissatisfaction with the government's poor management of the economy and ethnic conflicts, as well as with the pre-electoral coordination of ethnic parties in several states, opposition and ethnic-based parties had failed to gain more seats. Previous explanations had focused on the economy, electoral system bias, weak party institutionalization, and vote splitting among ethnic parties; however, they underestimated the significance of two contextual factors: military dominance of politics and ethnic conflict. This article argues that military dominance hindered normal political development in Myanmar. The anti-military sentiment favored the NLD, which made most Bamar voters disregard the party's poor economic performance. Despite the electoral system's bias, prolonged ethnic conflicts made ethnic parties that had fought for their community's causes more likely to maintain support. These arguments are verified by survey and electoral data sets. The military nullified the 2020 election claiming that electoral fraud was to blame, but the findings indicate that it was the political environment the military created that led to the victory of the NLD and some ethnic parties in the first place.
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A Cooperative Guidance Approach Based on the Finite-Time Control Theory for Hypersonic Vehicles
Kai An,Zhen-yun Guo,Wei Huang,Xiao-ping Xu 한국항공우주학회 2022 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.23 No.1
A distributed time cooperative guidance method based on the finite-time control theory is proposed to solve the salvo attack problem of multi-hypersonic vehicles in the three-dimensional space. Firstly, the second-order system is defined with the relative distance and the total leading angle as the state variables, and the finite-time controller is designed based on the multi-agent cooperative control theory for achieving the consistency of system. Novelty, taking the influence of parameters on the cooperative guidance results into account, an adaptive weight function is designed to replace the traditional constant coefficient to optimize guidance results. Then, the motion of vehicle in three-dimensional space is divided into two planes, the proportional navigation guidance (PNG) is applied in longitudinal and the lateral acceleration can be obtained via the finite-time controller and longitudinal acceleration. It is significant to establish the lateral leading angle finite-time convergence guidance law to compensate the lateral acceleration to accelerate the convergence speed. Furthermore, the biased term of terminal impact angle control is applied in PNG to achieve the terminal attack in arbitrary angle. Finally, the feasibility and robustness are verified by numerical simulations.
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Flexural behavior of reinforced lightweight concrete beams under reversed cyclic loading
Li-Kai Chien,Yi-Hao Kuo,Chung-Ho Huang,How-Ji Chen,Ping-Hu Cheng 국제구조공학회 2014 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.52 No.3
This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the flexural behavior of doubly reinforced lightweight concrete (R.L.C.) beams tested under cyclic loading. A total of 20 beam specimens were tested. Test results are presented in terms of ductility index, the degradation of strength and stiffness, and energy dissipation. The flexural properties of R.L.C. beam were compared to those of normal concrete (R.C.) beams. Test results show that R.L.C. beam with low and medium concrete strength (20, 40MPa) performed displacement ductility similar to the R.C. beam. The ductility can be improved by enhancing the concrete strength or decreasing the tension reinforcement ratio. Using lightweight aggregate in concrete is advantageous to the dynamic stiffness of R.L.C. beam. Enhancement of concrete strength and increase of reinforcement ratio will lead to increase of the stiffness degradation of beam. The energy dissipation of R.L.C beam, similar to R.C. beam, increase with the increase of tension reinforcement ratio. The energy dissipation of unit load cycle for smaller tension reinforcement ratio is relatively less than that of beam with higher reinforcement ratio.
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Research on Li0.3Na0.18K0.52NO3 promoted Mg20Al-CO3 LDH/GO composites for CO2 capture
Ying Yang,Kai Chen,Liang Huang,Min Li,Taiping Zhang,Mi Zhong,Ping Ning,Junya Wang,Shikun Wen 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.102 No.-
It has been reported that the addition of graphene oxide (GO) can increase the dispersion and heterogeneousnucleation of layered double hydroxide (LDH), thus providing more active sites, which is more conduciveto CO2 adsorption. Herein, we reported alkali metal nitrates ((Li0.3Na0.18K0.52)NO3) promoted LDHand GO composites (LDH/GO) as adsorbents for CO2 capture. The influence of mass ratio of LDH to GO, theimpregnation ratio of alkali metal nitrates, the calcination and adsorption temperature, as well as thecycling stability were investigated systematically. The results indicated that the CO2 capture capacityof LDH/GO composite with 30 mol% (Li0.3Na0.18K0.52)NO3 could reach 4.51 mmol g 1, which was 5.86times higher than LDH/GO1 without loading alkali metal nitrates. Moreover, it had outstanding CO2adsorption capacity in the range from 200 C to 320 C. In addition, the cyclic adsorption and desorptiontest manifested that the CO2 uptake of the material can reach 3.07 mmol g 1 after 22 cycles. We believethat this study will give a significant contribution to fabrication of LDH based composites as CO2 adsorbentsin future study.
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Wang, Ya-Ping,Xu, Qing,Huang, Duan-Ping,Zhao, Kai,Chen, Min,Kim, Bok-Hee Elsevier 2017 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.423 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>La<SUB>2</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.8</SUB>Cu<SUB>0.2</SUB>O<SUB>4+δ</SUB> electrodes with different thicknesses were prepared on Ce<SUB>0.8</SUB>Sm<SUB>0.2</SUB>O<SUB>1.9</SUB> electrolyte using screen printing technique. The electrocatalytic activity of La<SUB>2</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.8</SUB>Cu<SUB>0.2</SUB>O<SUB>4+δ</SUB> electrodes towards oxygen reduction reaction was investigated in comparison with La<SUB>2</SUB>NiO<SUB>4+δ</SUB> electrode. To understand the electrocatalytic activity of the two electrodes, chemical states of constituent elements on the surface of La<SUB>2</SUB>NiO<SUB>4+δ</SUB> and La<SUB>2</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.8</SUB>Cu<SUB>0.2</SUB>O<SUB>4+δ</SUB> were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique. La<SUB>2</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.8</SUB>Cu<SUB>0.2</SUB>O<SUB>4+δ</SUB> electrodes sintered at 920°C exhibited improved electrocatalytic activity relative to literature results of the electrodes sintered at higher temperatures (e.g. 1200°C). The Cu doping in La<SUB>2</SUB>NiO<SUB>4+δ</SUB> was validated to be effective in enhancing electrocatalytic activity. The electrocatalytic activity of La<SUB>2</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.8</SUB>Cu<SUB>0.2</SUB>O<SUB>4+δ</SUB> electrodes was found to be dependent on their thickness. Optimal electrocatalytic activity was achieved for the electrode with a thickness of 10μm, showing a polarization resistance of 0.13Ω cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 800°C. The effects of Cu doping and electrode thickness were diagnosed with respect to contributions of involved electrode reaction steps. The results of this work underscore that the electrocatalytic activity of La<SUB>2</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.8</SUB>Cu<SUB>0.2</SUB>O<SUB>4+δ</SUB> electrodes is dictated by dissociative adsorption process of molecular oxygen on the surface.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> LNC electrodes achieved improved electrocatalytic activity than literature results. </LI> <LI> The electrocatalytic activity of LNC electrodes is higher than LN electrode. </LI> <LI> The electrocatalytic activity of LNC electrodes is dependent on thickness. </LI> <LI> The optimal electrode polarization resistance of LNC is 0.13Ω cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 800°C. </LI> <LI> The effects of Cu doping and electrode thickness have been explained. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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