The Washback of the Reformed College English Test in China: Focusing on Learner and Teacher Perceptions

( Hua Song ),( Mun Hong Choe ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2014 현대영어영문학 Vol.58 No.1

This study is a preliminary attempt to estimate the effects of the reformed College English Test (CET) Band 4 on English education in China. Three research questions were addressed: (1) Does the reformed test format yield more beneficial effects on students` development of reading ability than the previous CET? (2) Do students and teachers perceive the washback of the reformed CET on college English education to be positive, negative, or insignificant? (3) What factors of teaching and learning process are directly affected by the test? Two groups of intermediate-level Chinese learners of English ( n = 188) had been instructed for eight weeks either with reading tasks similar in type to the ones in the reformed CET or with tasks similar to the ones in the traditional CET. A post-test revealed that the reformed CET group gained more in reading comprehension ability than did the traditional group. Data concerning student and teacher perceptions of the new CET were collected using a questionnaire based on Alderson and Wall`s (1993) Washback Hypotheses. It was found that their perceived washback varied in extent across a range of factors involved in teaching and learning practices, which was far greater on learners than on teachers. The positive and negative aspects of the washback are discussed with respect to each factor and suggestions are made for future directions. (Yanbian University, Chonnam National University)

Application of Formative Assessment to College English Writing Teaching -- A case study in Yanbian University in China

Song Hua 한국언어연구학회 2017 언어학연구 Vol.22 No.3

English plays an overwhelming role in achieving the communication and idea exchange among people. English writing is a skill of output, which can reflect one’s comprehensive cultural competence and logic thinking ability. There is no doubt that English writing is one s kill which can be acquired only in a hard and long way. As one means of expression, writing helps people to make a direct communication with each other without restriction of time and place, which can witness the lighting up the flame of thinking and penetrating ideas. In sharp contrast with the importance of English writing, students in the universities and colleges show an indifferent attitude towards English writing, mostly caused by the reason that the universities adapt the traditional English teaching method and evaluation. This research applies the formative assessment into English writing process tentatively and tries to explore the influence that formative assessment exerts on students' writing proficiency. The author proposed that formative assessment attaches more importance to the process of learning, with multiple types and tools of assessing to provide timely and effective feedback to facilitate teaching and learning.

Studies of the Electronic and the Optical Properties of the Ordered Ternary Alloys X0.5Y0.5O2(X, Y = Si, Ge, Sn) by Using First-principles Calculations

Song-You Wang,Zhao-Hua Geng,Gang Wang,Song Wu,Liang-Yao Chen,Yu Jia 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.56 No.4

In this paper, the electronic and the optical properties of oxides for group-IV elements in an inverse Ag2O structure, including Si, Ge, and Sn, and their ternary alloys, were studied with the density function theory of first principles. The results show that they have a high-density phase and a high dielectric constant. Moreover, the lattice constants of Si0.5Ge0.5O2 and SiO2 are really close to those of Si(100) surfaces, suggesting the possibility of forming a defect-free superlattice. With changing element, the calculated results show that the lattice constants of the ternary alloys tend to be bigger while the energy gaps show a different trend. The optical properties of these compounds as functions of physical quantities, such as the density of states, the complex dielectric function,and the static dielectric constant, are given to support the potential applications of the compounds in the future.

The Practical Application of Bluetooth Media Technology and Outlook for Development

Song, Zheng-Hua,Shin, Hyun-Sik,Kim, Chun-Suk,Shin, Yun-Ho Korea Institute of Electronic Communication Scienc 2006 한국전자통신학회 논문지 Vol.1 No.1

This is paper, with the development of computer and network communications technology, the technology of digital computer and modern communications has integrated into the field of intelligent home appliances, making them intelligentize with the function of a network information terminal. The paper introduces the Bluetooth SIG(Special Interesting Group) and the development of the standard of the Bluetooth. Researches the application model and the practical application of the Bluetooth technology, and the component elements of the Bluetooth. Finally deals with the outlook for the development of the Bluetooth technology. 이 논문은 블루투스 장치의 전 세계적으로 사용되는 무허가 ISM 대역의 2.4GHZ로 동작한다. 이 대역은 널리 사용되고 있지만, 블루투스 이외의 수많은 다른 시스템들이 이 주파수대를 사용하고 있고 마이크 웨이브 오븐과 같은 잡음원이 이 주파수대를 차지하고 있기 때문에 오히려 방해가 심한 주파수 대역이 되고 있다. 블루투스는 이와 같이 방해가 심한 전파환경을 극복하기 위해 빠른 주파수 호핑법과, 에러방지 및 정정기술을 사용하고 있다. 이와 같은 상황에도 불구하고, 저가의 블루투스 시스템이 신뢰성 있고 안정하게 하기 위해 언급할 몇 가지 중요한 설계 상 문제점이 있고 시스템 설계시 몇 가지 면밀한 주의가 필요하므로 연구하고자 한다.

Safety Evaluation of Tobacco Substitute (Herbrette); Inhalation Toxicity, Mutagenicity and Immunotoxicity

Song, Kyung Seuk,Park, Kun Ho,Yoo, Gi Yong,Song, Sung-Ok,Kim, Hyun Woo,Kim, Jun Sung,Park, Jin Hong,Eu, Guk Joung,Hua, Jin,Cho, Hyun Sun,Hwang, Soon Kyung,Chang, Seung Hee,Tehrani, Arash Minai,Yu, Kye Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2004 Toxicological Research Vol.19 No.3

Inhalation toxicity, mutagenicity, and immunotoxicity tests were performed using a smoke generation system to investigate the safety of Herbrette, a tobacco substitute made with the leaves of Perilla frutescens. ICR mice were exposed to nicotine-free Herbrette smoke with concentrations of 0 (control), 4.08 $\pm$ 1.32 mg/$m^3$ (low dose), 7.72 $\pm$ 2.14 mg/$m^3$ (medium dose) and 12.83 $\pm$ 1.69 mg/$m^3$ (high dose) total particulate matters (TPM) for 4 weeks. When compared to the control group, the body weights, organ weights in the exposed groups did not show any significant differences. However, certain change of several serum chemical data and biochemical parameters were observed, however, the changes were within normal physiological ranges. Moreover, no changes in organ weight, and no gross/microscopic changes were observed between the exposed and control groups. Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation, in vivo chromosomal aberration and micronucleus assays revealed that Herbrette did not induce mutagenicity. Upon evaluation of peripheral cellular immunity of mice through in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay, no significant difference was observed in mean stimulation index between the exposed and control groups. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that Herbrette may not cause toxicity on mice under current condition.

Bioinformatic Prediction of SNPs within miRNA Binding Sites of Inflammatory Genes Associated with Gastric Cancer

Song, Chuan-Qing,Zhang, Jun-Hui,Shi, Jia-Chen,Cao, Xiao-Qin,Song, Chun-Hua,Hassan, Adil,Wang, Peng,Dai, Li-Ping,Zhang, Jian-Ying,Wang, Kai-Juan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.2

Polymorphisms in miRNA binding sites have been shown to affect miRNA binding to target genes, resulting in differential mRNA and protein expression and susceptibility to common diseases. Our purpose was to predict SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) within miRNA binding sites of inflammatory genes in relation to gastric cancer. A complete list of SNPs in the 3'UTR regions of all inflammatory genes associated with gastric cancer was obtained from Pubmed. miRNA target prediction databases (MirSNP, Targetscan Human 6.2, PolymiRTS 3.0, miRNASNP 2.0, and Patrocles) were used to predict miRNA target sites. There were 99 SNPs with MAF>0.05 within the miRNA binding sites of 41 genes among 72 inflammation-related genes associated with gastric cancer. NF-${\kappa}B$ and JAK-STAT are the two most important signaling pathways. 47 SNPs of 25 genes with 95 miRNAs were predicted. CCL2 and IL1F5 were found to be the shared target genes of hsa-miRNA-624-3p. Bioinformatic methods could identify a set of SNPs within miRNA binding sites of inflammatory genes, and provide data and direction for subsequent functional verification research.

Identification and Characterization of the Antifungal Substances of a Novel Streptomyces cavourensis NA4s

( Hua Qi Pan ),( Su Ya Yu ),( Chun Feng Song ),( Nan Wang ),( Hui Ming Hua ),( Jiang Chun Hu ),( Shu Jin Wang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.3

A new actinomycete strain NA4 was isolated from a deep-sea sediment collected from the South China Sea and showed promising antifungal activities against soilborne fungal pathogens. It was identified as Streptomyces cavourensis by morphological, physiological, and phylogenetic analyses based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence. The main antifungal components were isolated and identified from the fermentation culture as bafilomycins B1 and C1. These compounds exhibited significant antifungal activities and a broad antifungal spectrum. The results suggest that the Streptomyces cavourensis NA4 and bafilomycins B1 and C1 could be used as potential biocontrol agents for soilborne fungal diseases of plants.

Cosmeceutical activities of ethanol extract and its ethyl acetate fraction from coffee silverskin

Song Hua Xuan,Keon Soo Lee,Hyo Jin Jeong,Young Min Park,Ji Hoon Ha,Soo Nam Park 한국생체재료학회 2019 생체재료학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Background: Coffee silverskin is a thin film that covers the raw coffee bean. In general, coffee silverskin, which detaches during the coffee roasting process, is disposed as firelighters or dispatched to landfills and can cause serious environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using coffee silverskin as a functional material in cosmetics by evaluating its bioactive ingredients, antioxidative activity, cytoprotective effect, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1)-inhibiting effect, and anti-melanogenesis effect. Results: To this end, a 50% ethanol (EtOH) extract and its ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction were prepared from coffee silverskin; caffeine was found to be the major compound in the extract. Both the 50% EtOH extract and its EtOAc fraction exhibited antioxidant activities. However, the EtOAc fraction showed a greater radical-scavenging activity and reducing power than that shown by the 50% EtOH extract. Furthermore, the EtOAc fraction increased cell viability in a UVB-irradiated human keratinocyte injury model and significantly suppressed UVB-induced MMP-1 expression and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated melanin production in HaCaT keratinocytes and B16F1 melanocytes, respectively. Interestingly, caffeine, the major component of the EtOAc fraction, did not show an inhibitory effect. Thus, the antioxidant capacity of the coffee silverskin extract may be attributable to some compounds that exhibit a high antioxidant capacity even at low concentrations or the total antioxidant capacity of various constituent phenolic compounds. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that coffee silverskin has the potential for application as a natural functional material in multifunctional cosmetics.

First-principles Study on the Electronic Structures and the Optical Properties of Hg1−xCdxTe

Song-You Wang,Gang Wang,Song Wu,Zhao-Hua Geng,Liang-Yao Chen,Yu Jia 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.56 No.4

The electronic structures and the optical properties of the direct-band-gap infrared alloy Hg1−xCdxTe (x = 0.250, 0.375, 0.500, 0.625, 0.875, and 1.000) were obtained using the local spin density approximation (LSDA) in the density functional theory (DFT). The calculated lattice constants are in agreement with these calculated using Vergard’s law and the band structures of these alloys are similar. The three peaks of the imaginary part in the dielectric function reveal that the conduction bands lift with increasing x. The calculated static dielectric constants of these alloys were shown to behave as a parabolic function. The results for the loss functions and effective electronic densities show that few electrons take part in the interband transitions.

Noise-reduction Function and its Affecting Factors of Plant Communities

( Xiu-hua Song ),( Qian-qian Wu ),( Dong-ming Yu ),( Piao Yong-ji ),( Tae-dong Cho ) 한국환경과학회 2016 한국환경과학회지 Vol.25 No.10

In this study, we investigated the relationship between noise reduction and the community structure of nine groups of typical plant communities as well as the reduction in noise at different frequencies. The semantic differential method was adopted to explore the perception of noise reduction. The results indicated that there was a significantly positive correlation between noise reduction and coverage , a significantly negative correlation between noise reduction and bifurcate height, and a negative correlation between noise reduction and bare rate. However, there was no significant correlation between noise reduction and height, diameter at breast height, or crown width. The reduction of middle-frequency noise was better than that of low- and high-frequency noise. The indicators "quiet" and "calm" showed that plant communities could reduce the noise perceived by humans. However, overly dense woodland caused nervousness, fear, depression, and other negative effects. Relatively open environments and those with large forest gaps obtained the highest evaluation.