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Kobayashi, Yasuo,Koike, Satoshi,Taguchi, Hidenori,Itabashi, Hisao,Kam, Dong K.,Ha, Jong K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.6
Although gut microbial functions have been analyzed through cultivation of isolated microbes, molecular analysis without cultivation is becoming a popular approach in recent years. Gene cloning studies have partially revealed the mechanisms involved in fiber digestion of individual microbe. The molecular approach finally made it possible to analyze full genomes of the representative rumen cellulolytic bacteria Fibrobacter and Ruminococcus. The coming database may contain useful information such as regulation of gene expression relating to fiber digestion. Meanwhile, unculturable bacteria are still poorly characterized, even though they are main constituents of gut microbial ecosystem. The molecular analysis is essential to initiating the studies on these unculturable bacteria. The studies dealing with rumen and large intestine are revealing considerable complexity of the microbial ecosystems with many undescribed bacteria. These bacteria are being highlighted as possibly functional members contributing to feed digestion. Manipulation of gut bacteria and gut ecology for improving animal production is still at challenging stage. Bacteria newly introduced in the rumen, whether they are genetically modified or not, suffer from poor survival. In one of these attempts, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens expressing a foreign dehalogenase was successfully established in sheep rumen to prevent fluoroacetate poisoning. This expands choice of forages in tropics, since many tropic plants are known to contain the toxic fluoroacetate. This example may promise the possible application of molecular breeding of gut bacteria to the host animals with significance in their health and nutrition. When inoculation strategies for such foreign bacteria are considered, it is obvious that we should have more detailed information of the gut microbial ecology.
Synchrotron-radiation-based <SUP>174</SUP>Yb Mossbauer Spectroscopy of the 1/1 Au-Al-Yb Approximant
Yumi Kinoshita,Hisao Kobayashi,Nobumoto Nagasawa,Yoshitaka Yoda,Ryo Masuda,Yuki Nakamura,Yuya Sakakibara,Kazuhiko Deguchi 한국물리학회 2023 새물리 Vol.73 No.12
The Yb-based valence-uctuating Au-Al-Yb quasicrystal exhibits unconventional quantum critical phenomena with unusual critical indices at low temperatures at ambient pressure. Furthermore, the quantum criticality of the Au-Al-Yb quasicrystal remains robust even under hydrostatic pressure. In contrast, the Au-Al-Yb 1/1 approximant does not display quantum criticality at ambient pressure and quantum criticality appears at approximately 2.0 GPa with the same critical indices as the quasicrystal. In this study, we conducted synchrotron-radiation (SR) -based <SUP>174</SUP>Yb Mossbauer spectroscopy on both the quasicrystal and 1/1 approximant, allowing us to observe di_erences in the 4f electronic states of Yb ions between the quasicrystal and 1/1 approximant.
M¨ossbauer Spectroscopy of Fe-doped Valence-fluctuating α-YbAlB4
Yui Sakaguchi,Shugo Ikeda,Hisao Kobayashi,Kentaro Kuga,Keita Sone,Satoru Nakatsuji 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.12
The magnetic properties of high-quality 25 at.% Fe doped α-YbAlB4 with an orthorhombicPbam structure were investigated by using magnetization measurements and 57Fe M¨ossbauer spectroscopy. The temperature dependence of the magnetization along the a-axis showed anomaliesat TN2 7.7 K and TN1 10.4 K. Broadenings of the peaks in the M¨ossbauer spectrum wereobserved at temperatures below 6 K, which were due to the magnetic hyperfine fields transferredfrom the Yb magnetic moments. The evaluated transferred magnetic hyperfine field almost disappearsaround TN2. The anomalous temperature dependence of the transferred magnetic hyperfinefield reveals that the magnetic structure and the ordered magnetic moments of the Yb ions showcomplex temperature dependences at temperatures below TN1.
Cacao bean husk: an applicable bedding material in dairy free-stall barns
Akira Yajima,Hisashi Owada,Suguru Kobayashi,Natsumi Komatsu,Kazuaki Takehara,Maria Ito,Kazuhide Matsuda,Kan Sato,Hisao Itabashi,Satoshi Sugimura,Shuhei Kanda 아세아·태평양축산학회 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.7
Objective: The objectives of the study were to assess the effect of cacao bean husk as bedding material in free-stall barn on the behavior, productivity, and udder health of dairy cattle, and on the ammonia concentrations in the barn. Methods: Four different stall surfaces (no bedding, cacao bean husk, sawdust, and chopped wheat straw) were each continuously tested for a period of 1 week to determine their effects on nine lactating Holstein cows housed in the free-stall barn with rubber matting. The lying time and the milk yield were measured between d 4 and d 7. Blood samples for plasma cortisol concentration and teat swabs for bacterial counts were obtained prior to morning milking on d 7. The time-averaged gas-phase ammonia concentrations in the barn were measured between d 2 and d 7. Results: The cows spent approximately 2 h more per day lying in the stalls when bedding was available than without bedding. The milk yield increased in the experimental periods when cows had access to bedding materials as compared to the period without bedding. The lying time was positively correlated with the milk yield. Bacterial counts on the teat ends recorded for cows housed on cacao bean husk were significantly lower than those recorded for cows housed without bedding. Ammonia concentration under cacao bean husk bedding decreased by 6%, 15%, and 21% as compared to no bedding, sawdust, and chopped wheat straw, respectively. The cortisol concentration was lowest in the period when cacao bean husk bedding was used. We observed a positive correlation between the ammonia concentrations in the barn and the plasma cortisol concentrations. Conclusion: Cacao bean husk is a potential alternative of conventional bedding material, such as sawdust or chopped wheat straw, with beneficial effects on udder health and ammonia concentrations in the barns.