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Awareness among Dental Hygienists with Regard to Treatment Options for Halitosis
Masahiro Yoneda,Natsuki Kashio,Hatsumi Uchida,Nao Suzuki,Hiroshi Matsuura,Toru Naito,Chihiro Koga,Hitomi Yasukochi,Masaro Matsuura,Takao Hirofuji 대한예방치과학회 2012 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.8 No.3
Introduction: A growing number of people are expressing concern about breath odor, so it is important that dental hygienists have basic knowledge on the etiology and treatment of halitosis. Objective: The general level of awareness of this condition is unclear and quantification is important in targeting specific educational resources at this group. Methods: We performed a questionnaire survey on 31 dental hygienists of Fukuoka Dental College Medical and Dental Hospital. We also examined how their job experience affected their knowledge and awareness of halitosis treatment. The subjects were divided into two groups. Results: “Experienced” and “less experienced”, having five or more years and less than five years of experience, respectively. Both groups of dental hygienists had encountered oral malodor in patients during dental treatment, and many were consulted specifically regarding this condition. The hygienists generally felt competent in explaining the causes of oral malodor but less felt able to describe the treatments. The “less experienced” group had particularly low confidence in providing this information. However, more than 78% of the “less experienced” dental hygienists believed that they should actively participate in treating halitosis, although fewer of the “experienced” group felt that this was part of their role. Conclusion: From these results, we conclude that although dental hygienists are aware of the importance of halitosis treatment, their knowledge and ability to deliver this therapy varies relative to their level of experience.
Noboru Hasegawa,Akira Sasaki,Hiroshi Yamatani,Maki Kishimoto,Momoko Tanaka,Yoshihiro Ochi,Masaharu Nishikino,Yuichi Kunieda,,Hitoki Yoneda,Atsushi Iwamae 한국광학회 2009 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.13 No.1
We attempted the first measurement of the spectral width of the nickel-like molybdenum x-ray laser ( = 18.895 nm) by use of a high-resolution spectrometer in order to determine the strength of the magnetic field required for the generation of a circularly polarized x-ray laser. The spectral width was measured to be = 18 mÅ under the substantial lasing condition. The magnetic field required for the generation of a circularly polarized x-ray laser was 40 T. The splitting of the x-ray laser line was clearly obtained under 15 T external magnetic field. The strength of the magnetic field estimated from the splitting of the x-ray laser line was large compared with the external magnetic field. It implies that there might be an alternative mechanism for enhancement of the magnetic field in the gain medium plasma.
Bahng, Hee Won,Yoon, Min-Chul,Lee, Ji-Eun,Murase, Yuichi,Yoneda, Tomoki,Shinokubo, Hiroshi,Osuka, Atsuhiro,Kim, Dongho American Chemical Society 2012 The Journal of physical chemistry B Vol.116 No.4
<P>1,3-Phenylene-bridged perylenebisimide dimer (<B>PBI2</B>) and trimer (<B>PBI3</B>) were prepared along with monomer reference (<B>PBI1</B>) using perylene imide-anhydride <B>5</B> as a key precursor. 3,3-Dimethylbut-1-yl substituents were introduced at the 2,5-positions of perylenebisimide (PBI) to improve the solubilities of <B>PBI</B> oligomers. Actually, no serious aggregation of <B>PBI2</B> and <B>PBI3</B> was detected in their dilute CH<SUB>2</SUB>Cl<SUB>2</SUB> solutions. Under these conditions, intramolecular electronic interactions among PBI chromophores have been revealed by measuring the photophysical properties at their ensemble and single-molecule levels. The excitation energy transfer times of <B>PBI2</B> (0.16 ps) and <B>PBI3</B> (0.60 ps) were determined from the two different observables, anisotropy depolarization, and singlet–singlet annihilation, respectively, which are considered as the incoherent Förster-type energy hopping (EEH) times as compared with the EEH time constant (1.97 ps) calculated on the basis of the Förster mechanism. The relatively short EEH times compared to similar PBI oligomers can be attributed to 1,3-phenylene linker, which assures a short distance between the chromophores and, as a consequence, makes it hard to treat the PBI unit as a point dipole. The limitation of point-dipole approximation to describe the PBI oligomers and additional through-bond type interactions can be attributed as the causes of the discrepancies in excitation energy transfer times. Considering these photophysical properties, we can suggest that 1,3-phenylene-linked PBI oligomers have potentials as molecular photonic devices including the artificial light-harvesting system.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpcbfk/2012/jpcbfk.2012.116.issue-4/jp208855u/production/images/medium/jp-2011-08855u_0003.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp208855u'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Hiroki Kikuyama,Tadahito Hanaoka,Tetsufumi Kanazawa,Yasushi Yoshida,Takafumi Mizuno,Hirotaka Toyoda,Hiroshi Yoneda 대한신경정신의학회 2017 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.14 No.6
Objective: The anti-epileptogenic drug levetiracetam has anticonvulsant and anti-epileptogenesis effects. Synergy between cell death and inflammation can lead to increased levels of apoptosis inhibitory factors and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, aberrant neurogenesis and extended axon sprouting. Once hyperexcitation of the neural network occurs, spontaneous seizures or epileptogenesis develops. This study investigated whether the anti-epileptogenic effect of levetiracetam is due to its alternate apoptotic activity. Methods: Adult male Noda epileptic rats were treated with levetiracetam or vehicle control for two weeks. mRNA quantification of Bax, Bcl-2 and GAPDH expression were performed from prefrontal cortex and hippocampus tissue samples. Results: The levetiracetam-treated group showed a significant increase of Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression ratio in the prefrontal cortex than the control group, but no change in the Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression ratio in hippocampus. Conclusion: Idiopathic generalized epilepsy including childhood absence epilepsy develop at childhood and recover spontaneously during adolescence. The aberrant neural excitable network is pruned by a neural-maturing action. This study suggests the mechanism of acquired anti-epileptogenesis by levetiracetam treatment may be similar to spontaneous recovery of idiopathic generalized epilepsy during adolescence.
Seiichiro Tarutani,Hiroki Kikuyama,Munehiro Ohta,Tetsufumi Kanazawa,Takehiko Okamura,Hiroshi Yoneda 대한신경정신의학회 2016 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.13 No.4
ObjectiveaaMedication adherence is important in the treatment of schizophrenia, and critical periods during treatment may be associated with relapse. However, the relationship between adherence and duration of outpatient treatment (DOT) remains unclear. The authors aimed to clarify the relationship between adherence and DOT at a psychiatric hospital in Japan. MethodsaaFor outpatients with schizophrenia who regularly visit Shin-Abuyama hospital, the authors conducted a single questionnaire survey (five questions covering gender, age, DOT, medication shortages, and residual medication) over one month period. Participants were divided into two groups whether DOT were from more than one year to within five years or not. Mantel-Haenszel analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed on the data regarding the medication adherence. ResultsaaEffective answers were received for 328 patients. The residual medication rate was significantly higher among those receiving outpatient treatment from more than one year to within five years than five years than those receiving outpatient treatment for more than five years or less than one year (p=0.016). ConclusionaaThis survey suggests that there are critical periods during which patients are most prone to poor adherence. Because poor adherence increases the risk of relapse, specific measures must be taken to improve adherence during these periods.
Seiya Kawashige,Tetsufumi Kanazawa,Atsushi Tsutsumi,Hiroki Kikuyama,Hiroyuki Uenishi,Jun Koh,Hiroshi Yoneda 대한신경정신의학회 2008 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.5 No.1
Objective: Recent molecular and genetic investigations have suggested that the current nosology for major psychiatric disorders, based on the “two-entities-principal” is not accurate with respect to clinical observations; patient groups that do not fit to the current operative diagnostic boundaries are readily identified. We aimed to perform an investigation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) gene (located on 12q13), which has an important role in the apoptotic cascade, with patients suffering from periodic psychosis. Methods: Genetic association study has been employed for the current work. Investigated six tag-SNPs were chosen from Hapmap database. Results: Among six tag-SNPs, one marker (rs10783813), located in the STAT6 gene, showed modest association (p<0.05), although no marker or haplotype block showed association after Bonferroni’s correction. Conclusion: Future studies will reveal the etiological role of STAT6, and of other genes of the apoptotic cascade, in major psychiatric disorders. Objective: Recent molecular and genetic investigations have suggested that the current nosology for major psychiatric disorders, based on the “two-entities-principal” is not accurate with respect to clinical observations; patient groups that do not fit to the current operative diagnostic boundaries are readily identified. We aimed to perform an investigation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) gene (located on 12q13), which has an important role in the apoptotic cascade, with patients suffering from periodic psychosis. Methods: Genetic association study has been employed for the current work. Investigated six tag-SNPs were chosen from Hapmap database. Results: Among six tag-SNPs, one marker (rs10783813), located in the STAT6 gene, showed modest association (p<0.05), although no marker or haplotype block showed association after Bonferroni’s correction. Conclusion: Future studies will reveal the etiological role of STAT6, and of other genes of the apoptotic cascade, in major psychiatric disorders.
Yoshitaka Nishizawa,Tetsufumi Kanazawa,Yasuo Kawabata,Toshio Matsubara,Soichiro Maruyama,Makoto Kawano,Shinya Kinoshita,Jun Koh,Koji Matsuo,Hiroshi Yoneda 대한신경정신의학회 2019 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.16 No.1
Objective : Accumulated evidence collected via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been reported with regard to mental disorders. A previous finding revealed that emotional words evoke left frontal cortex activity in patients with depression. The primary aim of the current study was to replicate this finding using an independent dataset and evaluate the brain region associated with the severity of depression using an emotional Stroop task. Methods : Oxygenized and deoxygenized hemoglobin recording in the brain by fNIRS on 14 MDD patients and 20 normal controls. Results : Hyperactivated oxygenized hemoglobin was observed in the left frontal cortex on exposure to unfavorable stimuli, but no significant difference was found among patients with depression compared with healthy controls on exposure to favorable stimuli. This result is consistent with previous findings. Moreover, an evoked wave associated with the left upper frontal cortex on favorable stimuli was inversely correlated with the severity of depression. Conclusion : Our current work using fNIRS provides a potential clue regarding the location of depression symptom severity in the left upper frontal cortex. Future studies should verify our findings and expand them into a precise etiology of depression.
Masaki Nishiguchi,Hiroki Kikuyama,Tetsufumi Kanazawa,Atsushi Tsutsumi,Takao Kaneko,Hiroyuki Uenishi,Yasuo Kawabata,Seiya Kawashige,Jun Koh,Hiroshi Yoneda 대한신경정신의학회 2015 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.12 No.4
ObjectiveaaElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a reasonable option for intractable depression or schizophrenia, but a mechanism of action has not been established. One credible hypothesis is related to neural plasticity. Three genes (Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc) involved in the induction of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are Wnt-target genes, which constitute a key gene group involved in neural plasticity through the TCF family. Klf4 is the other gene among Yamanaka’s four transcription factors, and increases in its expression are induced by stimulation of the canonical Wnt pathway. MethodsaaWe compared the peripheral blood gene expression of the four iPS genes (Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4) before and after modified ECT (specifically ECT with general anesthesia) of patients with intractable depression (n=6) or schizophrenia (n=6). Using Thymatron ten times the total bilateral electrical stimulation was evoked. ResultsaaBoth assessments of the symptoms demonstrated significant improvement after mECT stimulation. Expression of all four genes was confirmed to increase after initial stimulation. The gene expression levels after treatment were significantly different from the initial gene expression in all twelve cases at the following treatment stages: at the 3rd mECT for Oct4; at the 6th and 10th mECT for Sox2; and at the 3rd, 6th and 10th mECT for c-Myc. ConclusionaaThese significant differences were not present after correction for multiple testing; however, our data have the potential to explain the molecular mechanisms of mECT from a unique perspective. Further studie should be conducted to clarify the pathophysiological involvement of iPS-inducing genes in ECT.