Stomach microbiota, Helicobacter pylori, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells

Ohno Hiroshi,Satoh-Takayama Naoko 생화학분자생물학회 2020 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.52 No.-

The stomach has been thought to host few commensal bacteria because of the existence of barriers, such as gastric acid. However, recent culture-independent, sequencing-based microbial analysis has shown that the stomach also harbors a wide diversity of microbiota. Although the stomach immune system, especially innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), has not been well elucidated, recent studies have shown that group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) are the dominant subtype in the stomach of both humans and mice. Stomach ILC2s are unique in that their existence is dependent on stomach microbiota, in sharp contrast to the lack of an impact of commensal microbiota on ILC2s in other tissues. The microbiota dependency of stomach ILC2s is partly explained by their responsiveness to interleukin (IL)-7. Stomach ILC2s express significantly higher IL-7 receptor protein levels on their surface and proliferate more in response to IL-7 stimulation in vitro than small intestinal ILC2s. Consistently, the stomach expresses much higher IL-7 protein levels than the small intestine. IL-5 secreted from stomach ILC2s promotes immunoglobulin (Ig) A production by plasma B cells. In a murine model, stomach ILC2s are important in containing Helicobacter pylori infection, especially in the early phase of infection, by promoting IgA production.

Oxygen-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging versus Computed Tomography : Multicenter Study for Clinical Stage Classification of Smoking-related Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Ohno, Yoshiharu,Iwasawa, Tae,Seo, Joom Beom,Koyama, Hisanobu,Takahashi, Hiroshi,Oh, Yeon-Mok,Nishimura, Yoshihiro,Sugimura, Kazuro American Thoracic Society 2008 American journal of respiratory and critical care Vol.177 No.10

<P>RATIONALE: Oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed as a useful tool for assessing regional morphological and functional changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVES: To prospectively and directly compare the efficacy of O(2)-enhanced MRI and quantitative computed tomography (CT) for smoking-related pulmonary functional loss assessment and clinical stage classification of smoking-related COPD. METHODS: One hundred sixty smokers were classified into four age- and gender-matched groups by using the GOLD criteria for smokers: Smokers without COPD (n = 40), Mild COPD (n = 40), Moderate COPD (n = 40), and Severe or Very Severe COPD (n = 40). All smokers underwent O(2)-enhanced MRI, multidetector-row CT, and pulmonary function test. Mean relative enhancement ratio on O(2)-enhanced MRI and CT-based functional lung volume (FLV) on quantitative CT were calculated. To compare the efficacy of O(2)-enhanced MRI and quantitative CT for pulmonary functional loss assessment, both indexes were correlated with pulmonary functional parameters. To determine the efficacy of two methods for clinical stage classification, the four clinical groups' mean relative enhancement ratio and CT-based FLV were statistically compared. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Correlations of both indexes with pulmonary functional parameters were significant (P < 0.0001). Pulmonary functional parameters and mean relative enhancement ratio for the four clinical groups showed significant differences (P < 0.05). CT-based FLVs of smokers without COPD and mild COPD were significantly different from those for moderate COPD and severe or very severe COPD (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: O(2)-enhanced MRI is effective for pulmonary functional loss assessment and clinical stage classification of smoking-related COPD and quantitative CT.</P>

Early Stage of Algae Succession on Artificial Reefs at Muronohana , Ikata , Japan

Ohno, Masao,Sohn, Chul Hyun,Choi, Chang Geun,Takayama, Hiroshi,Segawa, Shigeru 한국수산학회 2000 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.3 No.1

Different substrata fixed as the roof (for shadow) on artificial iron reef had been developed as a tool for valuable fishery resources. The experiment was set up on a sandy bottom substratum at 8m depth in Muronohana, Ikata, Japan. Within one month of placement of the plates, diatoms dominated the experimental plates with a coverage of 100% approximately. Enteromorpha intestinalis and Colpomenia sinuosa dominated within three months after the placement. E. intestinalis coverage on substrata was estimated 7% on the plate shaped iron bar, 12∼14% on concrete plates, 18% on the plate fixed pebble, 61% on the plate to accumulated wood, and 80∼100% on the steel materials plate. Whereas after four months of placement, C. sinuosa coverage on plates became 1∼36% on different plates, and 100% on the plate to accumulated wood. The differences in E. intestinalis and C. sinuosa colonization on the different substrata were probably due to variations in their surface roughness influencing the settlement of zoospores, and thus gametophyte development. After five months of placement, the above two species slowly disappeared.

Phospholipase Cβ Serves as a Coincidence Detector through Its Ca²⁺ Dependency for Triggering Retrograde Endocannabinoid Signal

Hashimotodani, Yuki,Ohno-Shosaku, Takako,Tsubokawa, Hiroshi,Ogata, Hidenori,Emoto, Ken,Maejima, Takashi,Araishi, Kenji,Shin, Hee-Sup,Kano, Masanobu Elsevier 2005 Neuron Vol.45 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Endocannabinoids mediate retrograde signal and modulate transmission efficacy at various central synapses. Although endocannabinoid release is induced by either depolarization or activation of G<SUB>q/11</SUB>-coupled receptors, it is markedly enhanced by the coincidence of depolarization and receptor activation. Here we report that this coincidence is detected by phospholipase Cβ1 (PLCβ1) in hippocampal neurons. By measuring cannabinoid-sensitive synaptic currents, we found that the receptor-driven endocannabinoid release was dependent on physiological levels of intracellular Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> concentration ([Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB>), and markedly enhanced by depolarization-induced [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB> elevation. Furthermore, we measured PLC activity in intact neurons by using exogenous TRPC6 channel as a biosensor for the PLC product diacylglycerol and found that the receptor-driven PLC activation exhibited similar [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB> dependence to that of endocannabinoid release. Neither endocannabinoid release nor PLC activation was induced by receptor activation in PLCβ1 knockout mice. We therefore conclude that PLCβ1 serves as a coincidence detector through its Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> dependency for endocannabinoid release in hippocampal neurons.</P>

Temperature Dependence of the Bulk Modulus in fcc Metals by Using a Lattice-Gas Model with Renormalized Potentials

Ryoji Sahara,Hiroshi Mizuseki,Kaoru Ohno,Yoshiyuki Kawazoe 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.52 No.4

Temperature dependence of the bulk modulus in five fcc metals are analyzed by using a fcc lattice-gas model. To treat actual systems as quantitatively as possible, we introduce two empirical potentials, which have been widely used for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The potentials are mapped onto the fcc lattice by using the potential renormalization technique, which gives a reasonable way to map interatomic potentials, such as MD potentials, onto lattice models, in order to overcome the shortcomings of lattice-gas models of neglecting the internal entropy of the system. By comparing the results with experimental, MD and first-principles data, the renormalized potential is found to reproduce the temperature dependence of the bulk modulus well. Temperature dependence of the bulk modulus in five fcc metals are analyzed by using a fcc lattice-gas model. To treat actual systems as quantitatively as possible, we introduce two empirical potentials, which have been widely used for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The potentials are mapped onto the fcc lattice by using the potential renormalization technique, which gives a reasonable way to map interatomic potentials, such as MD potentials, onto lattice models, in order to overcome the shortcomings of lattice-gas models of neglecting the internal entropy of the system. By comparing the results with experimental, MD and first-principles data, the renormalized potential is found to reproduce the temperature dependence of the bulk modulus well.

Influence of Magnetic Field on Spin Torque Diode Effect in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with CoFeB/Ru/CoFeB Synthetic Ferrimagnetic Layer

Nobuhito Inami,Hiroshi Naganuma,Mikihiko Oogane,Yasuo Ando,Shoji Ikeda,Hideo Ohno 한국자기학회 2010 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.2010 No.12

Early Stage of Algal Succession on Artificial Reefs at Muronohana, Ikata, Japan

Choi Chang Geun,Takayama Hiroshi,Segawa Shigeru,Ohno Masao,Sohn Chul Hyun The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2000 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.3 No.1

Different substrata fixed as the roof (for shadow) on artificial iron reef had been developed as a tool for valuable fishery resources. The experiment was set up on a sandy bottom substratum at 8m depth in Muronohana, Ikata, Japan. Within one month of placement of the plates, diatoms dominated the experimental plates with a coverage of $100\%$ approximately. Enteromorpha intestinalis and Colpomenia sinuosa dominated within three months after the placement. E. intestinalis coverage on substrata was estimated $7\%$ on the plate shaped iron bar, $12-14\%$ on concrete plates, $18\%$ on the plate fixed pebble, $61\%$ on the plate to accumulated wood, and 80-100% on the steel materials plate. Whereas after four months of placement, C. sinuosa coverage on plates became $1-36\%$ on different plates, and $100\%$ on the plate to accumulated wood. The differences in E. intestinalis and C. sinuosa colonization on the different substrata were probably due to variations in their surface roughness influencing the settlement of zoospores, and thus gametophyte. development. After five months of placement, the above two species slowly disappeared.

Exposure to Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92 Modulates Gene Expression Profiles of Epithelial Caco-2 Cells

Sae Yanagihara,Shinji Fukuda,Hiroshi Ohno,Naoyuki Yamamoto 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.6

To understand host gastrointestinal response after exposure to probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92,microarray analysis of cultured epithelial Caco-2 cells was performed. Of the 187 genes down-regulated after 4 h treatment with L-92, 25 were involved in RNA splicing; 12, in cell cycle; 8 were transcriptional regulators; 2 were involved in ubiquitin proteolysis; 2, in adhesion; 2, in meiosis; 2, in splicing; and 2 encoding cytokines. In the RNA splicing group, genes encoding small nuclear RNAs, nuclear pore complex interacting proteins, RNA binding motif proteins, and SMG1 homologs (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase) were identified. Among the only 13 genes up-regulated by the treatment, 5 were involved in histone structure, and 2 were involved in metabolism. Genes belonging to cell adhesion, transmembrane proteins,mitogen-activated protein kinase, immune response, DNA binding, inflammation, and protein synthesis groups were mainly up-regulated after 20 h of treatment, whereas no significantly down-regulated genes were observed. In the present transcriptome analysis, during the early stage of treatment (four hours of treatment) with L-92, genes involved in cell growth and cell meiosis were mainly repressed. During the late phase of treatment (20 h of treatment), the expression of the genes linked to cell adhesion activity and metabolism for cell growth was enhanced. From the present transcriptome analysis, we suggest that Caco-2 cells slow down cell death and turnover of RNA synthesis as an early response to L-92 treatment; at the late stage of treatment, the genes involved in cell proliferation, transcriptional activity, and apoptosis are activated.

CLOUD PROFILING RADAR ON EARTHCARE SATELLITE

Nobuhiro Takahashi,Toshiyoshi Kimura,Yuichi Ohno,Hiroaki Horie,Hirotaka Nakatsuka,Kenji Sato,Yasuo Sakaide,Kazuyuki Okada,Hiroshi Kumagai 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

The design and current status of EarthCARE/CPR are described in this report. Basic design of CPR will be confirmed in this year, and engineering model development and testing will be done this year and the next year. In parallel with the development activity of CPR, algorithm development activity is in progress. The data from CPR is expected to contribute to reveal the detailed information of clouds and to the studies on global warming. It is also expected the continuation of cloud observation from CloudSat data that was launched in 2006[4].

Simulation for Detecting Leadwire-Site due to Image Processing

Jae Ho Shin,Koei Igarashi,Seiichi Noguchi,Hiroshi Ohno,Kimiaki Hoshino 대한전자공학회 1993 JTC-CSCC : Joint Technical Conference on Circuits Vol.- No.-