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Formation of Metastable Fragments around the Cl 2p Ionization Thresholds of HCl
Y. Hikosaka,T. Kaneyasu,E. Shigemasa 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.6
Formation of metastable fragments has been investigated in the vicinity of the Cl 2p ionization thresholds of HCl. Efficient productions of H* fragments with their counterpart of Cln+ ions are observed around the ionization thresholds. The formations of H+Cln+ pairs result from the dissociation of high-Rydberg HCl+ states that are populated either by spectator Auger decay from the inner-shell excited states or by the recapture of slow photoelectrons into the Rydberg orbitals. In addition, H* fragments are shown to be produced through the dissociation of HCl2+ states formed via normal Auger decay of the Cl 2p core-hole states.
Sakuma Hisashi,Yazawa Masaki,Hikosaka Makoto,Uchikawa-Tani Yumiko,Takayama Masayoshi,Kishi Kazuo 대한성형외과학회 2023 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.50 No.6
An artificial sphincter implanted in the bulbous urethra to treat severe postprostatectomy urinary incontinence is effective, but embedding-associated complications can occur. We assessed the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of urethral graciloplasty cross-innervated by the pudendal nerve. A simulation surgery on three male fresh cadavers was performed. Both ends of the gracilis muscle were isolated only on its vascular pedicle with proximal end of the obturator nerve severed and transferred to the perineum. We examined whether the gracilis muscle could be wrapped around the bulbous urethra and whether the obturator nerve was long enough to suture with the pudendal nerve. In addition, surgery was performed on a 71-year-old male patient with severe urinary incontinence. The postoperative 12-month outcomes were assessed using a 24-hour pad test and urodynamic study. In all cadaveric simulations, the gracilis muscles could be wrapped around the bulbous urethra in a γ-loop configuration. The length of the obturator nerve was sufficient for neurorrhaphy with the pudendal nerve. In the clinical case, the postoperative course was uneventful. The mean maximum urethral closure pressure and functional profile length increased from 40.7 to 70 cm H2O and from 40.1 to 45.3 mm, respectively. Although urinary incontinence was not completely cured, the patient was able to maintain urinary continence at night. Urethral graciloplasty cross-innervated by the pudendal nerve is effective in raising the urethral pressure and reducing urinary incontinence.
Stability and Fragmentation of OCS2+ Studied by Using Auger-Electron-Ion Coincidence Measurement
T. Kaneyasu,M. Ito,Y. Hikosaka,E. Shigemasa 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.54 No.1
An Auger-electron-ion coincidence method has been applied to investigate dissociation of OCS^2+ states with two valence holes, which are populated via Auger decay following S 2p photoionization of OCS. We found that OCS^2+ states lying around a binding energy of 32 eV are mostly stable against dissociation, which indicates that the potential energy surfaces of these OCS^2+ states have deep wells around the Franck-Condon region. In contrast, the OCS^2+ states lying around 34 eV and 42 eV dissociate predominantly into CO^+ + S^+ and O + C^+ + S^+, respectively.
Dopamine Neurons Encoding Long-Term Memory of Object Value for Habitual Behavior
Kim, H.F.,Ghazizadeh, A.,Hikosaka, O. Cell Press ; MIT Press 2015 Cell Vol.163 No.5
Dopamine neurons promote learning by processing recent changes in reward values, such that reward may be maximized. However, such a flexible signal is not suitable for habitual behaviors that are sustained regardless of recent changes in reward outcome. We discovered a type of dopamine neuron in the monkey substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) that retains past learned reward values stably. After reward values of visual objects are learned, these neurons continue to respond differentially to the objects, even when reward is not expected. Responses are strengthened by repeated learning and are evoked upon presentation of the objects long after learning is completed. These ''sustain-type'' dopamine neurons are confined to the caudal-lateral SNc and project to the caudate tail, which encodes long-term value memories of visual objects and guides gaze automatically to stably valued objects. This population of dopamine neurons thus selectively promotes learning and retention of habitual behavior.
Response of Ammonia Assimilation in Cucumber Seedlings to Nitrate Stress
Xiaoyu Yang,Xiufeng Wang,Min Wei,Shoko Hikosaka,Eiji Goto 한국식물학회 2010 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.53 No.3
The influence of increased nitrate concentration—14 (control) and 140 mmol L−1 (T)—in hydroponic culture on ammonia assimilation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Xintaimici) seedlings was investigated. The results showed that NH3 accumulation in the roots and leaves of T seedlings increased significantly, indicating that NH3toxicity might be involved in nitrate stress. Under control conditions, GS and GOGAT activity were much higher in the leaves than in the roots, whereas GDH activity was much higher in the roots than in the leaves. Correlation analysis showed that NH3 concentration had a strong negative linear relationship with GDH activity in the roots but had a strong negative linear relationship with GS and GOGAT activity in the leaves. These results indicate that NH3 might be assimilated primarily via GDH reaction in the roots and via GS/GOGAT cycle in the leaves. Shortterm nitrate stress resulted in the increase of GS and GOGAT activity in the roots and GDH activity in the leaves of T seedlings, indicating possible shifts in ammonia assimilation from the normal GDH pathway to GS/GOGAT pathway in the roots and from the normal GS/GOGAT pathway to the GDH pathway in the leaves under nitrate stress, but with the increase of treatment time, GS, GOGAT,and GDH activity in the roots and leaves of T seedlings decreased possibly due to low water potential and NH3toxicity.
Indirect Pathway of Caudal Basal Ganglia for Rejection of Valueless Visual Objects
Kim, H.F.,Amita, H.,Hikosaka, O. Cell Press 2017 Neuron Vol.94 No.4
<P>The striatum controls behavior in two ways: facilitation and suppression through the direct and indirect pathways, respectively. However, it is still unclear what information is processed in these pathways. To address this question, we studied two pathways originating from the primate caudate tail (CDt). We found that the CDt innervated the caudal-dorsal-lateral part of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (cdlSNr), directly or indirectly through the caudal-ventral part of the globus pallidus externus (cvGPe). Notably, cvGPe neurons receiving inputs from the CDt were mostly visual neurons that encoded stable reward values of visual objects based on long-past experiences. Their dominant response was inhibition by valueless objects, which generated disinhibition of cdlSNr neurons and inhibition of superior colliculus neurons. Our data suggest that low-value signals are sent by the CDt-indirect pathway to suppress saccades to valueless objects, whereas high-value signals are sent by the CDt-direct pathway to facilitate saccades to valuable objects.</P>