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Central and Peripheral Motor Conduction Studies by Single-Pulse Magnetic Stimulation
Hideyuki Matsumoto,Yoshikazu Ugawa 대한신경과학회 2024 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.20 No.3
Single-pulse magnetic stimulation is the simplest type of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Muscle action potentials induced by applying TMS over the primary motor cortex are recorded with surface electromyography electrodes, and they are called motor-evoked potentials (MEPs). The amplitude and latency of MEPs are used for various analyses in clinical practice and research. The most commonly used parameter is the central motor conduction time (CMCT), which is measured using motor cortical and spinal nerve stimulation. In addition, stimulation at the foramen magnum or the conus medullaris can be combined with conventional CMCT measurements to evaluate various conduction parameters in the corticospinal tract more precisely, including the cortical–brainstem conduction time, brainstem–root conduction time, cortical–conus motor conduction time, and cauda equina conduction time. The cortical silent period is also a useful parameter for evaluating cortical excitability. Single-pulse magnetic stimulation is further used to analyze not only the central nervous system but also the peripheral nervous system, such as for detecting lesions in the proximal parts of peripheral nerves. In this review article we introduce four types of single-pulse magnetic stimulation—of the motor cortex, spinal nerve, foramen magnum, and conus medullaris—that are useful for the diagnosis, elucidation of pathophysiology, and evaluation of clinical conditions and therapeutic effects. Single-pulse magnetic stimulation is a clinically useful technique that all neurologists should learn.
Hideyuki Sekine 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2007 民族文化硏究 Vol.47 No.-
민족의 기원이나 여러 민족 간의 계통관계에 관한 연구는 "과학적 지식"이 정치적 요건이나 연구자의 개인적 성향에 영향을 받을 수 있는 속성을 지니고 있기 때문에 이론 속에 임의성을 포함하고 있다. 17세기 이래 한국인과 일본인의 계통관계에 관한 다양한 대안들이 나왔다. 일본이 한국을 합병했을 때는 한국인과 일본인 사이에 계통관계가 있다는 패러다임이 학계를 지배하였다. 그러나 제2차 세계대전 후 그것은 침략 이데올로기로서 인식되었고 대신 두 민족에게 아무 계통관계가 없다는 패러다임이 일어났다. 그러나 유전자 연구가 발전한 오늘날 한국인과 일본인이 유전적으로 동질성 이 있다는 사실이 받아들여지고 있다. 이 분야의 발달은 한국인과 일본인의 계통연구의 패러다임 전환을 촉진할 수 있는 가능성이 있다. 나아가 그것은 두 민족의 문화적 계통관계에 관한 인문학에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 필자는 이러한 시대적 상황을 감안해서 다음과 같은 앞으로의 연구 과제를 제안하고자 한다. 첫째, 제2차 세계대전 이후 한국인과 일본인의 계통연구가 부정된 패러다임이 형성된 사회적 요인을 각 학문분야별로 분석하는 일이다. 둘째, 그동안 기존의 패러다임으로 인해 대상으로 올라갈 기회를 얻지 못했던 계통연구를 재조명하는 일이다 셋째, 이와 관련된 지적 유산을 한국과 일본의 연구자가 공유할 수 있는 체제로 정비하는 일이다. The studies on the origin of a nation or on the genealogy among nations are apt to distort the scientific knowledges about the genealogy arbitrarily because they are influenced by political conditions, individual inclinations of researchers and so on. Since 17th century, various alternative theories about the genealogy between the Koreans and Japanese have been raised. When Japan annexed Korea, the paradigm which should admit the genealogy between the Koreans and Japanese dominated the academic world. However, it broke down because it was recognized as ideology for invasion. Instead, alternative paradigm which should deny genealogy between both nations dominated the academic world after the World War II. Nevertheless, by virtue of development of genetic researches it is accepted that the Koreans and the Japanese are genetically homogeneity. The further development of this field may promote paradigm shift in the genealogy between both nations again. And also it may influence humanities about cultural genealogy between both nations. I"m going to propose the following research subjects for the future. First, we should analyze the social factors in each reach field which have the paradigm that should deny the genealogy between the Koreans and Japanese formed after World War II. Second, we should re-illuminate the past and present researches on the genealogy between two populations which have been excluded in research programs because of the present paradigm. Third, we have to construct research systems through which researchers from Korea and Japan can share the intellectual inheritance concerning the genealogy between the Koreans and Japanese.
Hideyuki Nishiofuku,Shigeru Matsushima,Yoshitaka Inaba,Hidekazu Yamaura,Yozo Sato,Yasuo Morishima,Kimihiko Kichikawa 대한영상의학회 2010 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.11 No.3
Objective: Equivalent cross-relaxation rate (ECR) imaging is an MRI technique used to evaluate quantitatively a change in the protein-water interaction. We aimed to evaluate retrospectively the usefulness of ECR imaging for the histologic classification of malignant lymphoma (ML). Materials and Methods: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained and all patients provided informed consent. The study subjects included 15 patients with untreated ML who were histologically diagnosed with follicular lymphoma (FL; n = 8) or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; n = 7). All patients underwent ECR imaging and the offset frequency was set at 7 ppm. Results: The median ECR values were 71% (range; 60.7 to 75.5) in FL and 54% (50.8 to 59.4) in DLBCL (p = 0.001). The median cellular density was 1.5 0.17 × 106 / mm2 in FL and 1.0 ± 0.70 × 106 / mm2 in DLBCL (p = 0.001). The correlation coefficient between the ECR values and cellular density in ML was 0.88 (p = 0.001). In FL and DLBCL, assuming ECR value cut-off points of 60%, both sensitivity and specificity were 100%. Conclusion: A strong correlation between ECR and cellular density in ML is demonstrated and the ECR may be a useful technique to differentiate between FL and DLBCL. Objective: Equivalent cross-relaxation rate (ECR) imaging is an MRI technique used to evaluate quantitatively a change in the protein-water interaction. We aimed to evaluate retrospectively the usefulness of ECR imaging for the histologic classification of malignant lymphoma (ML). Materials and Methods: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained and all patients provided informed consent. The study subjects included 15 patients with untreated ML who were histologically diagnosed with follicular lymphoma (FL; n = 8) or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; n = 7). All patients underwent ECR imaging and the offset frequency was set at 7 ppm. Results: The median ECR values were 71% (range; 60.7 to 75.5) in FL and 54% (50.8 to 59.4) in DLBCL (p = 0.001). The median cellular density was 1.5 0.17 × 106 / mm2 in FL and 1.0 ± 0.70 × 106 / mm2 in DLBCL (p = 0.001). The correlation coefficient between the ECR values and cellular density in ML was 0.88 (p = 0.001). In FL and DLBCL, assuming ECR value cut-off points of 60%, both sensitivity and specificity were 100%. Conclusion: A strong correlation between ECR and cellular density in ML is demonstrated and the ECR may be a useful technique to differentiate between FL and DLBCL.
( Hideyuki Tamai ),( Yoshiyuki Ida ),( Akira Kawashima ),( Naoki Shingaki ),( Ryo Shimizu ),( Kosaku Moribata ),( Tetsushi Nasu ),( Takao Maekita ),( Mikitaka Iguchi ),( Jun Kato ),( Taisei Nakao ),( 대한간학회 2017 Gut and Liver Vol.11 No.4
Background/Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of simeprevir-based triple therapy with reduced doses of pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin for interferon (IFN) ineligible patients, such as elderly and/or cirrhotic patients, and to elucidate the factors contributing to a sustained virologic response (SVR). Methods: One hundred IFN ineligible patients infected with genotype 1b hepatitis C virus (HCV) were treated. Simeprevir (100 mg) was given orally together with reduced doses of PEG-IFN-α 2a (90 μg), and ribavirin (200 mg less than the recommended dose). Results: The patients` median age was 70 years, and 70 patients were cirrhotic. Three patients (3%) discontinued treatment due to adverse events. The SVR rate was 64%. Factors that significantly contributed to the SVR included the γ-glutamyl transferase and α-fetoprotein levels, interleukin- 28B (IL28B) polymorphism status, and the level and reduction of HCV RNA at weeks 2 and 4. The multivariate analysis showed that the IL28B polymorphism status was the only independent factor that predicted the SVR, with a positive predictive value of 77%. Conclusions: Simeprevir-based triple therapy with reduced doses of PEG-IFN and ribavirin was safe and effective for IFN ineligible patients infected with genotype 1b HCV. IL28B polymorphism status was a useful predictor of the SVR. (Gut Liver 2017;11:551-558)
On 3-D Measuring Technique of Large structures
Hideyuki SAWADA,Kazuo ICHIMURA,Takakazu ISHIMATSU 대한전자공학회 1992 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1992 No.10
We present a system to measure 3-dimensional coordinates of large structures such as ships, buildings and oil tanks. Our system consists of two important units which are a laser spot pointer and a laser spot tracker. Employing a tactful image processing, our system has some features:e.g. downsize, cost, accuracy and robustness to hazardous environments.