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도시홍,이우교,오문영,정용조,강갑중,김도성,김완,강희동 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1998 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.9 No.1
CsI(Ag) single crystals doped with 0.001, 0.003 and 0.005 mole % silver as activator were grown using the Czochralski method. The gamma ray energy spectrum is measured by the CsI(Ag) single crystals coupled to photomultiflier tube. It was confirmed that the crystal structure of grown CsI(Ag) was bcc, and that its lattice constant was 4.568Å. The energy resolution of CsI(Ag) for Cs-137 gamma ray was maximum when CsI(Ag) was doped 0.003 mole % silver, and its value was 9.84% the pulse height from the scintillation detector system using the CsI(Ag) single crystals was linear to gamma ray energy.
오인환,이창우,선양국,홍성안,남석우,임태훈,이갑수,임희천,윤성필 한국화학공학회 1995 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.33 No.5
전극 유효 면적이 100 ㎠인 단위 전지를 10단 적층한 100 W급 내부분배형, 십자흐름형 MCFC 스택을 제작하고, 성능 측정 시스템을 구성하여 실험을 수행하였다. Anode 가스로 72%H₂/18%CO₂/10%H₂O, cathode 가스로 33%산소/67%CO₂를 사용하였을 경우 스택의 개회로 전압은 이론치에 가까운 11.2V를 나타내었으며, 전류밀도 150㎃/㎠(15A)에서 가스이용률이 0.4일 경우 스택 전압은 7.3V로 100W 이상의 성능을 나타내었다. 그러나 단위전지 실험결과에 비하여 스택의 내부 저항 및 전극에서의 분극에 의한 전압 손실이 높았으며, 스택 내부에서의 단위전지 성능 분포도 균일하지 않아, 각 단위전지들의 적층 및 운전 환경의 차이를 최소화하여 균일한 성능 분포를 갖도록 하는 기술 개발이 필요한 점을 알았다. 가스이용률, 가스 조성 및 온도 등의 변수가 스택 성능에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으며 단위전지 실험결과와 비교해 보았다. 한편 연속 운전시 스택 성능의 감소율은 단위전지 실험의 경우에 비해 매우 높아 스택의 수명 향상이 요구되었다. A 100W-class stack consisting of ten molten carbonate fuel cells has been fabricated and tested to establish the basic technology for an internally manifolded stack. Each cell in the stack had an effective electrode area of 100 ㎠, and reactant gases were distributed in each cell in a cross-flow configuration. Performance of the stack was investigated as a function of gas utilization, gas composition and temperature using a specially designed stack test apparatus. It was possible to have a stack with an output of more than 100W using an anode gas of 72%H₂/18%CO₂/10%H₂O and a cathode gas of 33%O₂/67%CO₂. The open circuit voltage of the stack was 11.2V and the voltage at a current density of 150 ㎃/㎠ and gas utilization of 0.4 was 7.3V. The voltage loss due to the internal resistance and the electrode polarization, however, was higher than that of a single cell, and the distribution of cell voltages was not uniform indicating that differences in stacking and operating environment of each cell have to be minimized to enhance the cell performance and uniformity. Since the performance degradation of the stack during the continuous operation at 150 ㎃/㎠ was higher than that of the single cell, further works are required to enhance the life of the stack.
용융탄산염 연료전지의 운전변수가 단위전지 성능에 미치는 영향
오인환,홍성안,남석우,임태훈,이갑수,임희천 한국화학공학회 1994 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.32 No.3
차세대 연료전지인 용융탄산염 연료전지의 운전조건을 확립하기 위하여 전극면적이 100 ㎠인 단위전지를 제작하여 운전변수와 단위전지 성능과의 관계를 살펴보았다. 제작된 단위전지는 1.13 V의 개회로전압과 150 mA/㎠의 전류밀도에서 0.9 V 이상의 전압을 얻었으며 수소이용율을 증가시킬 때 전지의 성능이 감소하였으나 산소이용율에 대해서는 거의 영향을 받지 않았다. Anode가스의 수소분압이 커질수록 전지의 성능이 증가하였고 cathode 가스가 33% 산소, 67% 이산화탄소의 조성을 가질 때 최대의 성능을 보였다. 가습시의 전지성능은 Nernst식에 의한 기전력의 손실만큼 전압이 감소되었으며, oxygen gain은 개회로전압에서 50 mV, 150 mA/㎠의 전류밀도에서 90 mV이었다. 또한 운전온도를 증가시킴에 따라 전지의 성능도 증가하였다. To establish the operating conditions of molten carbonate fuel cells, the relationship between operating variables and the performance of the single cell with the active electrode area of 100 ㎠ was investigated. The single cell showed the open circuit voltage of 1.13 V and the cell voltage over 0.9 V at the current density of 150 mA/㎠. The performance decreased with the increase of the hydrogen utilization, while the effect of the oxygen utilization turned out to be negligible. The performance increased proportionally to the hydrogen partial pressure of the anode gas, but the highest performance was obtained at the cathode gas composition of 33% oxygen and 67% carbon dioxide which is the stoichiometric condition. Humidification of the anode stream to prevent carbon deposition dropped the cell voltage as much as the voltage loss estimated from the Nernst equation, and the oxygen gain was 50 mV and 90 mV at the condition of the open circuit voltage and at the current density of 150 mA/㎠, respectively. The cell voltage at the given conditions tended to increase with the increase of the operating temperature, but the increasing rate became smaller above 650℃
오인환,홍성안,남석우,임태훈,이갑수,임희천,강인준 한국화학공학회 1996 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.34 No.5
전극 유효 면적이 100㎠인 단위 전지를 20단 적층한 200W공 내부분배형, 같은방향흐름형 MCFC 스택을 제작하여 성능 실험을 수행하였으며, 그 결과를 이전의 단위 전지 및 스택 실험결과와 비교해 보았다. 연료로 72%H₂/18%CO₂/10%H₂O, 산화제로 70%공기/30%CO₂를 사용했을 때 스택의 초기 성능은 전류 밀도 150 ㎃/㎠(15A). 가스 이용률이 0.4인 조건에서 16.9V로 250W 이상의 출력을 나타내어 선진국 수준의 성능을 얻는데 성공하였다. 스택의 전압 손실 요인을 분석 한 결과 이전 스택에 비해 내부 저항 및 전극 분극에 의한 전압 손실 값이 크게 감소하여 요소 기술 및 적층 기술이 향상되었음을 확인하였다. 또한 각 단위 전지들의 성능 분포도 성능 편차가 14-33 ㎷로 이전 스택에 비해 비교적 균일하였다. 그러나 연속 운전시 스택의 성능은 크게 감소하여 분리판의 내식성 향상 및 전극의 안정화를 통한 스택의 수명 향상이 요구되었다. A 200W-class stack consisting of twenty molten carbonate fuel cells has been fabricated and tested to establish the basic technology for an internally manifolded stack. Each cell in the stack had an effective electrode area of 100 ㎠ and reactant gases were distributed in each cell in a co-flow configuration. The stack showed state-of-the-art performance; the stack voltage at a current density of 150 ㎃/㎠ and gas utilization of 0.4 was 16.9 V producing an output of more than 250W using an anode gas of 72%H₂/18%CO₂/10%H₂O and a cathode gas of 70%air/3%CO₂. Compared with the performance of the previously-tested stack, the voltage lass due to the internal resistance and the electrode polarization became lower and the distribution of cell voltages became more uniform indicating that some improvements were made in component fabrication and cell stacking technology. The voltage of the stack, however, decayed during the continuous operation at 150㎃/㎠ and further works are required to enhance the life of the stack.
Cha, Dowan,Oh, Sung Nam,Lee, Hee Hwan,Kim, Kyung-Soo,Kim, Kab Il,Kim, Soohyun The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.6
Assistance of the operator’s walking ability while carrying a load is a challenging area in lower limb exoskeletons. We implement an exoskeleton called the Unmanned Technology Research Center Exoskeleton (UTRCEXO), which enables the operator to walk with a load more comfortably. The UTRCEXO makes use of two types of DC motor to assist the hip and knee joints. The UTRCEXO detects the operator’s walking intention including step initiation with insole-type FSRs faster without using any bio-signals and precedes the operator’s step with a reference torque. It not only reduces interaction forces between the operator and the UTRCEXO, but also allows the operator to walk with a load more comfortably. In this paper, we present the UTRCEXO implementing the walking assistance mechanism with interaction force reduction during walking.
리도카인 아나필락시스 환자에서 경직 기관지내시경술을 통해 기도 암종을 진단한
윤병갑 ( Byeong Kab Yoon ),반희정 ( Hee Jung Ban ),권용수 ( Yong Soo Kwon ),오인재 ( In Jae Oh ),김규식 ( Kyu Sik Kim ),김유일 ( Yu Il Kim ),임성철 ( Sung Chul Lim ),김영철 ( Young Chul Kim ),송상윤 ( Sang Yoon Song ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2009 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.67 No.2
The majority of flexible bronchoscopies are performed under topical anesthesia with lidocaine being the most commonly used agent. Anaphylaxis rarely occurs after local administration of lidocaine, but can be a fatal complication. We experienced a case of unexpected anaphylaxis. A 66-year-old woman was scheduled for flexible bronchoscopy to evaluate a tracheal mass and stenosis. The oral and nasal mucosa were pretreated with lidocaine. About 2∼3 minutes later, the patient developed hypotension and we treated for anaphylaxis in the emergency room. Then, we decided to perform rigid bronchoscopy in this patient, under conditions of general anesthesia. A rigid bronchoscopy was performed in this patient, safely and successfully. The tracheal mass was determined to be squamous cell carcinoma.