South Korea's Shipbuilding Industry: From a Couple of Cathedrals in the Desert to an Innovative Cluster

Hassink, Robert,Shin, Dong-Ho The Korean Society for Technology Manageme and Eco 2005 Journal of Technology Innovation Vol.13 No.2

After the publication of the competitive advantage of nations by Porter in 1990, the competitiveness of regional concentrations of industries has been often explained by the cluster concept. There are many definitions of clusters, but they mainly boil down to a geographically proximate group of interconnected companies and associated institutions in a particular field, linked by commonalities and complementarities. The shipbuilding industry in Korea can for sure be regarded as a competitive industry, as the spectacular rise of its world market share from 2% in the early 1970s to the current 38% impressively testifies, but can it be considered a cluster? Based on an analytical framework consisting of a typology of clusters and a context-sensitive evolutionary approach, the paper will show that over the last thirty years Korea's shipbuilding developed from a mere number of isolated, large shipyards (cathedrals in the desert) established by large conglomerates (chaebol) in close collaboration with the central government into an innovative cluster. The cluster is on the one hand characterised by a strongly developed supply industry and specialised universities and research institutes, but on the other hand by a weak, yet increasing role for local and regional institutions The specific and context-dependent characteristics of this innovative cluster are more important explanations for its competitiveness than the financial interventions by the central government, which are repeatedly put forward by European policy-makers in their trade war with Korea.

Regional innovation support systems in Western Europe in a comparative perspective

Hassink. Robert,Shin, Dong-Ho 韓國地域開發學會 2007 韓國地域開發學會誌 Vol.19 No.1

지난 20여년 동안 서유럽의 정책결정자들 사이에 지역혁신이란 정책이 많은 인기를 가지고 있었다. 1990년대에 접어들어 지역혁신정책은 지역혁신지원체제란 보다 넓은 시각에 입각해서 조정되어야 한다는 주장이 나타나기 시작했다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 영국의 동북 잉글랜드, 독일의 바덴뷔르템부르그, 네델란드의 유트레트 등 3개 지역을 사례로 지역혁신정책을 비교·분석한 것이다. 본 연구는 필립 쿠크 교수가 주장한 풀뿌리 형, 네트워크 형, 통제형 등과 같은 지역혁신체제의 유형을 분석 틀로 해서 각 지역의 혁신정책을 비교·분석하였다. 그 결과 서유럽 국가들은 정치체제가 각각 다르기 때문에 지역혁신의 형태도 매우 다르나 EU가 추진하고 있는 지역혁신사업으로 인해 풀뿌리형이나 통제형에서 네트워크형으로 진화하고 있다고 주장하였다

From Specialisation to Diversification in Science and Technology Parks

Hassink, Robert,Hu, Xiaohui World Technopolis Association 2012 World Technopolis Review Vol.1 No.1

Science and technology parks have been popular among policy-makers at several spatial levels to promote innovation and economic growth of certain localities. However, this mainly property-led policy tool has been criticised for two reasons. First, it often failed to successfully support regional networking and technology transfer to regional firms. Only unplanned science and technology parks, such as Silicon Valley, seem to have been successfully fostering regional networking and technology transfer which has led, in turn, to the development of competitive innovative clusters. Secondly, it has too often bet on the same horses and become too specialised in the same fields, such as in micro-electronics or in biotechnology. This specialisation has been theoretically supported by the cluster concept. It has led to both a zero sum game of competition between locations as well as potentially negative path dependence and lock-ins. This paper suggests increasingly supporting diversification in science and technology parks by bringing together hitherto unconnected technologies. Several recently discussed concepts could be used to support diversification, such as related variety (Frenken et al. 2007), regional branching (Boschma and Frenken 2011), regional innovation platforms (Harmaakorpi et al. 2011) and transversality (Cooke 2011).

Regional innovation support systems in Western Europe in a comparative perspective

Hassink, Robert(로버트 하씽크),Shin, Dong-Ho(신동호) 한국지역개발학회 2007 韓國地域開發學會誌 Vol.19 No.1

지난 20여년 동안 서유럽의 정책결정자들 사이에 지역혁신이란 정책이 많은 인기를 가지고 있었다. 1990년대에 접어들어 지역혁신정책은 지역혁신지원체제란 보다 넓은 시각에 입각해서 조정되어야 한다는 주장이 나타나기 시작했다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 영국의 동북 잉글랜드, 독일의 바덴뷔르템부르그, 네델란드의 유트레트 등 3개 지역을 사례로 지역혁신정 책을 비교 분석한 것이다. 본 연구는 필립 쿠크 교수가 주장한 풀뿌리 형, 네트워크 형, 통제형 등과 같은 지역혁신체제의 유형을 분석 틀로 해서 각 지역의 혁신정책을 비교ㆍ분석하였다. 그 결과 서유럽 국가들은 정치체제가 각각 다르기 때문에 지역혁신의 형태도 매우 다르나 ED가 추진하고 있는 지역혁신사업으로 인해 풀뿌리형이나 통제형에서 네트워크형으로 진화하고 있다고 주장하였다.

Regional Innovation Policies : European Experiences and Concepts

Robert Hassink 과학기술정책연구원 1998 과학기술정책 Vol.- No.114

Regional innovation support systems in Western Europe in a comparative perspective

하썽크(Hassink. Robert),신동호(Shin. Dong-Ho) 한국지역개발학회 2007 韓國地域開發學會誌 Vol.19 No.1

지난 20여년 동안 서유럽의 정책결정자들 사이에 지역혁신이란 정책이 많은 인기를 가지고 있었다. 1990년대에 접어들어 지역혁신정책은 지역혁신지원체제란 보다 넓은 시각에 입각해서 조정되어야 한다는 주장이 나타나기 시작했다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 영국의 동북 잉글랜드, 독일의 바덴뷔르템부트그, 네델란드의 유트레트 둥 3 개 지역을 사례로 지역혁신정 책을 비교 분석한 것이다. 본 연구는 필립 쿠크 교수가 주장한 풀뿌리 형, 네트워크 형, 통제형등과 같은 지역헥선체제의 유형을 분석 틀로 해서 각 지역의 혁신정책을 비교·분석하였다. 그결과 서유럽 국가들은 정치체제가 각각 다르기 때문에 지역혁신의 형태도 매우 다르나 EU가 추진하고 있는 지역혁신사엽으로 인해 풀뿌리형이나 통제형에서 네트워크형으로 진화하고 있다고 주장하였다.

South Korea`s Shipbuilding Industry: From a Couple of Cathedrals in the Desert to an Innovative Cluster

( Robert Hassink ),( Dong Ho Shin ) 기술경영경제학회 2005 Journal of Technology Innovation Vol.13 No.2

After the publication of the competitive advantage of nations by Porter in 1990, the competitiveness of regional concentrations of industries has been often explained by the cluster concept. There are many definitions of clusters, but they mainly boil down to a geographically proximate group of interconnected companies and associated institutions in a particular field, linked by commonalities and complementarities. The shipbuilding industry in Korea can for sure be regarded as a competitive industry, as the spectacular rise of its world market share from 2% in the early 1970s to the current 38% impressively testifies, but can it be considered a cluster? Based on an analytical framework consisting of a typology of clusters and a context-sensitive evolutionary approach, the paper will show that over the last thirty years Korea`s shipbuilding developed from a mere number of isolated, large shipyards (cathedrals in the desert) established by large conglomerates (chaebol) in close collaboration with the central government into an innovative cluster. The cluster is on the one hand characterised by a strongly developed supply industry and specialised universities and research institutes, but on the other hand by a weak, yet increasing role for local and regional institutions. The specific and context-dependent characteristics of this innovative cluster are more important explanations for its competitiveness than the financial interventions by the central government, which are repeatedly put forward by European policy-makers in their trade war with Korea.

Moving beyond Anglo-American economic geography

Robert Hassink,Huiwen Gong,Pedro Marques 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2019 도시과학국제저널 Vol.23 No.2

Over the last fifteen years, we have been observing an increasing fragmentation of economic geography, concerning both schools of thought, perspectives, paradigms, themes and the educational background of researchers. The poly-vocal character of economic geography includes a variety of language areas, a phenomenon so far unknown to a large part of Anglo-American economic geographers. Particularly in the literature about theories, perspectives and paradigms, the non-English speaking world is largely ignored as a basis for debate. Even worse, leading scholars in the field increasingly use the term Anglo-American economic geography to refer to the whole field, although they describe trends and theories in both general and authoritative terms. The aim of this paper is to move beyond Anglo-American economic geography by introducing and reviewing economic geography literature in some other main languages, namely Chinese, Spanish and Portuguese. The purpose of doing so is not merely to show that there is more than Anglo-American economic geography, but also to derive from these non-English voices insights in how to move to an integrative paradigm of a truly international economic geography.

Moving beyond Anglo-American economic geography: authors’ response

Robert Hassink,Huiwen Gong,Pedro Marques 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2019 도시과학국제저널 Vol.23 No.2

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Technopoles : a policy concept at the end of its life cycle?

Robert Hassink 과학기술정책연구원 1999 과학기술정책 Vol.- No.119