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Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase regulates glycolytic activity in kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells
Hana Song,Sang Pil Yoon,Jinu Kim 대한해부학회 2016 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.49 No.2
After renal injury, selective damage occurs in the proximal tubules as a result of inhibition of glycolysis. The molecular mechanism of damage is not known. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation plays a critical role of proximal tubular cell death in several renal disorders. Here, we studied the role of PARP on glycolytic flux in pig kidney proximal tubule epithelial LLC-PK1 cells using XFp extracellular flux analysis. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation by PARP activation was increased approximately 2-fold by incubation of the cells in 10 mM glucose for 30 minutes, but treatment with the PARP inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) does-dependently prevented the glucose-induced PARP activation (approximately 14.4% decrease in 0.1 mM 3-AB–treated group and 36.7% decrease in 1 mM 3-AB–treated group). Treatment with 1 mM 3-AB significantly enhanced the glucose-mediated increase in the extracellular acidification rate (61.1±4.3 mpH/min vs. 126.8± 6.2 mpH/min or approximately 2-fold) compared with treatment with vehicle, indicating that PARP inhibition increases only glycolytic activity during glycolytic flux including basal glycolysis, glycolytic activity, and glycolytic capacity in kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells. Glucose increased the activities of glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase, phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphofructokinase-1, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, enolase, and pyruvate kinase in LLC-PK1 cells. Furthermore, PARP inhibition selectively augmented the activities of hexokinase (approximately 1.4-fold over vehicle group), phosphofructokinase-1 (approximately 1.6-fold over vehicle group), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (approximately 2.2-fold over vehicle group). In conclusion, these data suggest that PARP activation may regulate glycolytic activity via poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase-1, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells.
Song Hana,Park Jae Yong,Kim Ju-Hee,Shin Tae-Seop,Hong Soon Auck,Huda Md Nazmul,Kim Beom Jin,Kim Jae Gyu 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.28
Cancer organoids are three-dimensional mini-organ analogues derived from cancer tissues and have been proposed as models capable of simulating the structure and function of human organs and tissues in vitro. We sought to establish gastric cancer patient-derived organoids (PDOs) from tissues obtained by endoscopic biopsies. Gastric cancer-PDOs were successfully established and cultured from cancer tissues with gastric adenocarcinoma by endoscopic biopsies. To confirm that gastric cancer-PDOs were derived from cancer tissue, the consistency of the original cancer tissue was assessed by histopathological examination. As a result, it was confirmed that the shape and internal structure of gastric cancer-PDO were derived from the original gastric cancer cells, and the tumor specificity of gastric cancerPDO was confirmed through Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen antibody staining. These results demonstrate that gastric cancer-PDO models show the characteristics of primary tumors and have potential for drug screening and providing a personalized medicine platform.
스마트 퍼피의 작동 방식과 놀이 행동 분석 : 감성 콘텐츠 개발을 위한 제언
송하나 ( Hana Song ) 서강대학교 언론문화연구소 2014 언론문화연구 Vol.21 No.-
본 연구에서는 전통적인 봉제 강아지 인형 장난감의 외형에 스마트 기능을 적용한 스마트 퍼피의 작동 방식을 분석하고 이를 통한 놀이 행동을 관찰함으로써 스마트 퍼피가 아동의 감성 발달에 기여할 수 있는 방안을 찾고자 하였다. 현재 온오프라에서 판매되고 있는 20개의 스마트 퍼피를 분석하고 이 중 4개를 선정하여 5세 남아와 여아의 놀이 행동을 관찰한 결과, 스마트 퍼피와의 놀이가 일상생활, 돌봄, 대근육 놀이, 역할 놀이의 네 가지 영역에서 아동의 감성 발달과 관련될 수 있음을 제시하였다. 꼬리 흔들기, 밥 먹기, 멍멍 짖기 등의 기능과 강아지를 껴안고 쓰다듬는 일상적 행동을 통해 아동들은 애완견을 키우는 간접 경험과 정서적 친근감을 얻을 수 있으며, 아기 강아지를 키우거나 아픈 강아지를 돌보는 역할 놀이에서 타인의 감정과 요구를 이해하는 조망 수용과 친사회적 행동을 경함할 수 있다. 무엇보다 스마트 퍼피는 아동이 함께 움직일 수 있는 대근육 놀이가 가능하기 때문에 다른 스마트 기기가 가지는 소근육 활동 편중을 막고 실외에서도 놀이할 수 있는 즐거움을 제공하여 정서적 스트레스 해소에 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구의 제안점들은 이후 개발되는 아동용 스마트 토이의 설계와 감성 콘텐츠 개발에 참고 자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. This study analyzed function and operating methods of smart toy dogs called smart puppy, and children’s play behaviors with smart puppies were also examined. Twenty smart puppies were selected and classified in terms of mobility, action, suspendibility, making sound, interactive communication, and playing music. Two children at age 5 interacted with four smart puppies during free play. Results showed that role play with smart puppies is expected to contribute to children’s emotion development. Specifically, children may experience emotional comfort and stability from hugging and kissing smart puppies, and caring smart puppies in the role play would be related to the development of emotion perspective taking and empathetic prosocial behaviors. Most of all, outdoor play with smart puppies may be helpful to reduce daily stress and to facilitate gross motor development. The findings can be applicable to the design of smart puppy and the development of emotional contents for smart puppy.