Spraguea sp. (Microsporidia: Spraguidae) infection in yellow goosefish (Lophius litulon) in Korea

( Han-seul Cho ),( Jae-young Lee ),( Jeong-ho Kim ) 한국어병학회 2023 한국어병학회지 Vol.36 No.2

Yellow goosefish (Lophius litulon) is one of the important commercial fisheries target species in Korea, and commonly consumed as braised or stew. The microsporidian Spraguea is known to infect the nervous system of lophiid fish, forming numerous visible whitish xenomas. This parasite is commonly found in lophiid fish worldwide, but there is no information on the infection status of this parasite in Korea. We obtained commercially available chopped packs of lophiid fish from several fish markets and investigated their prevalence of infection. The isolated xenomas were crushed and purified as mature spore suspension. Microscopic observation and PCR were conducted to visualize and identify them. The host fish was also identified by DNA bar cording analysis. All the specimens were heavily infected and microscopic observation with Giemsa or Chromotrope 2R stain revealed tiny oval shapes of typical microsporidian spores. PCR analysis targeting the partial SSU rDNA showed that our specimen belongs to the genus Spraguea clade. But clear identification at the species level was not possible, due to the insufficient information of gene sequences available in GenBank. In addition, all of our host fish specimen was identified as yellow goosefish. This is the first report of a microsporidian parasite Spraguea infection in yellow goosefish from Korea.

Antioxidant Activity of Allium hookeri Root Extract and Its Effect on Lipid Stability of Sulfur-fed Pork Patties

Cho, Han-Seul,Park, Woojoon,Hong, Go-Eun,Kim, Ji-Han,Ju, Min-Gu,Lee, Chi-Ho Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2015 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.35 No.1

This study was performed to assess the antioxidant activity of Allium hookeri root extract (AHE) on lipid oxidation of raw sulfur-fed pork patties for 14 d of refrigerated storage. Different concentration of ethanol (0-100%) and time (1-12 h) were applied to determine the extraction condition. Water (0% ethanol) extraction for 1 h was selected as an optimal extraction condition of AHE for the following study showing the highest total phenolic content and total flavonoid content, as well as the strongest antioxidant activity. The 1% AHE (SP1), 3% AHE (SP2), and 0.05% ascorbic acid (SP3) were added into sulfur-fed pork patties against controls; SP0 (sulfur-fed pork patties with no AHE) and P0 (normal pork patties with no AHE). The pH values of P0 and SP0 significantly increased (p<0.05) than others on 14 d and redness of P0 showed the largest decrement during storage. P0 and SP0 showed higher production of conjugated dienes on d 7 than others (p<0.05). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values were decreased in proportion to the increased level of AHE on 14 d (p<0.05) resulting in higher TBARS values on P0 and SP0 (p<0.05) and the negative correlation between AHE level and TBARS were also demonstrated (r=-0.910, p=0.001). Therefore, the results suggest that AHE effectively retarded the lipid oxidation rate of sulfur-fed pork patties indicating the potential usage of AHE as a natural preservative.

Antioxidant Activity of Allium hookeri Root Extract and Its Effect on Lipid Stability of Sulfur-fed Pork Patties

Han Seul Cho,Woo Joon Park,Go Eun Hong,Ji Han Kim,Min Gu Ju,Chi Ho Lee 한국축산식품학회 2015 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.35 No.1

This study was performed to assess the antioxidant activity of Allium hookeri root extract (AHE) on lipid oxidation of raw sulfur-fed pork patties for 14 d of refrigerated storage. Different concentration of ethanol (0-100%) and time (1-12 h) were applied to determine the extraction condition. Water (0% ethanol) extraction for 1 h was selected as an optimal extraction condition of AHE for the following study showing the highest total phenolic content and total flavonoid content, as well as the strongest antioxidant activity. The 1% AHE (SP1), 3% AHE (SP2), and 0.05% ascorbic acid (SP3) were added into sulfur- fed pork patties against controls; SP0 (sulfur-fed pork patties with no AHE) and P0 (normal pork patties with no AHE). The pH values of P0 and SP0 significantly increased (p<0.05) than others on 14 d and redness of P0 showed the largest decrement during storage. P0 and SP0 showed higher production of conjugated dienes on d 7 than others (p<0.05). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values were decreased in proportion to the increased level of AHE on 14 d (p< 0.05) resulting in higher TBARS values on P0 and SP0 (p<0.05) and the negative correlation between AHE level and TBARS were also demonstrated (r=-0.910, p=0.001). Therefore, the results suggest that AHE effectively retarded the lipid oxidation rate of sulfur-fed pork patties indicating the potential usage of AHE as a natural preservative.

Morphological and molecular characterization of Megalobenedenia derzhavini (Capsalidae: Monogenea) infecting cultured black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) in Korea

Han-Seul Cho,U-Hwa Nam,Jeong-Ho Kim 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2022 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.10

Avifauna of the Mudeungsan (Mt.) region of Gwangju Metropolitan City

Han, Seung-Woo,Cho, You-Ra,Shin, Yong-Un,Seo, Seul-Gi,Lee, Doo-Pyo National Science Museum of Korea 2011 Journal of Korean nature Vol.4 No.1

This study was conducted in order to analyze the avifauna of the hiking trail and roads near the Mudeungsan (Mt.) region of Gwangju Metropolitan City between July of 2008 and March of 2009 over a total of 4 sessions, each in summer, fall, winter and spring. A total of 6,779 birds of 76 species, 31 families and 12 orders were observed during the study period. The most dominant species was the yellow-throated bunting (Emberiza elegans) (12.2%), followed by, in decreasing order, the mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) (8.8%), the long-tailed tit (Aegithalos caudatus) (8.3%), the brown-eared bulbul (Hypsipetes amaurotis) (7.6%), the great tit (Parus major) (7.1%) and the azure-winged magpie (Cyanopica cyana) (5.5%), marking dominance of over 5%. In terms of seasons, winter showed the highest individual count at 2,844 birds of 53 species, while summer showed the lowest count, at 784 individual counts of 39 species. Furthermore, 7 species of passage migrant birds, which are rare in South Korea, were recorded in the region of Mudeungsan. Furthermore, 9 natural monument and government-protected endangered species of the mandarin duck, long-billed ring plover, sparrow hawk, northern goshawk, Chinese sparrow hawk, Eurasian buzzard, cinereous vulture, common kestrel and the little cuckoo, were observed during the study.

Direct Correlations of Grain Boundary Potentials to Chemical States and Dielectric Properties of Doped CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ Thin Films

Cho, Ahra,Han, Chan Su,Kang, Meenjoo,Choi, Wooseok,Lee, Jihwan,Jeon, Jaecheol,Yu, Sujae,Jung, Ye Seul,Cho, Yong Soo American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.18

<P>Colossal dielectric constant CaCu<SUB>3</SUB>Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> has been recognized as one of the rare materials having intrinsic interfacial polarization and thus unusual dielectric characteristics, in which the electrical state of the grain boundary is critical. Here, the direct correlation between the grain boundary potential and relative permittivity is proposed for the CaCu<SUB>3</SUB>Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> thin films doped with Zn, Ga, Mn, and Ag as characterized by Kelvin probe force microscopy. The dopants are intended to provide the examples of variable grain boundary potentials that are driven by chemical states including Cu<SUP>+</SUP>, Ti<SUP>3+</SUP>, and oxygen vacancy. Grain boundary potential is nearly linearly proportional to the dielectric constant. This effect is attributed to the increased charge accumulation near the grain boundary, depending on the choice of the dopant. As an example, 1 mol % Ag-doped CaCu<SUB>3</SUB>Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> thin films demonstrate the best relative permittivity as associated with a higher grain boundary potential of 120.3 mV compared with 82.6 mV for the reference film. The chemical states across grain boundaries were further verified by using spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy with the simultaneous electron energy loss spectroscopy.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Establishment of Hepatoma Treatment Model Using Hepatoma Cell Spheroids

( Han Seul Park ),( Jae Young Jang ),( Seoung Won Jeong ),( Sae Hwan Lee ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Sang-woo Cha ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Young Deok Cho ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( Boo Sung Kim ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: Three dimensional (3D) spheroid cells are more closely mimic natural tissues and organs than cells grown in 2D. ``Biocompatible spheroidal hepatoma cell`` is thought to be closest model of real patient``s HCC. We have made spheroidal hepatoma cells using the proven technology and already confirmed apoptotic effect of ginsenoside Rh2 and Rg5 on 2D cells (Huh7 and Huh7.5.1). In this study, we investigate apoptotic effects of ginsenoside Rh2 and Rg5 using 3D hepatoma cell spheroids. Methods: Huh7 and Huh7.5.1 cells were maintained in culture dishes in RPMI supplemented with 10% inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) and DMEM supplemented with 10 % dialyzed FBS, respectively. When they reached about 80 % confluence, cells were harvested from 2-D petri-dish cultures by treatment with trypsin. These cells cultured in 1.5 % soft agarose gels for 10-14 days. After 10-14 days, 3-D hepatic structure was formed and treated with ginsenoside Rh2 (100, 200uM) and Rg5 (10, 50, 100uM) for 72h. Comparison between 2-D and 3-D models was done with microscopic and protein analysis. Results: The behaviors of 2D and 3D cells (Huh7 and Huh7.5.1, respectively) have been shown different morphologic change. 3-D culture of Huh7 and Huh7.5.1 cells had a longer survival time rather than 2-D cell model. The response to ginsenoside Rh2 and Rg5 on 3D culture systems showed a lower cell death rate compared with 2D culture systems. The expression of cleaved PARP protein was increased in both 2D and 3D cells with exposure to ginsenoside Rh2 and Rg5. Conclusions: Hepatoma cell sheroids had a longer survival time and a similar apoptotic effect compared to 2-D cell model in drug screening. It is expected to have an important role on the drug screening and treatment prediction in HCC.

Anti-Tumor Effect of Ginsenoside Rh2 and Rg5 in Xenograft Hepatoma Animal Model: Comparison with Sorafenib

( Han Seul Park ),( Jae Young Jang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Jeong-ju Yoo ),( Sae Hwan Lee ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Sang-woo Cha ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Young Deok Cho ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin ),( 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Animal & cell models of hepatoma give a crucial information, not only pathogenesis of liver cancer but also therapeutic effects of various agents. In this study, we investigate therapeutic effects of ginsenoside Rh2 and Rg5 using animal & cell models of hepatoma comparing with sorafenib. Methods: Huh7 & huh7.5.1 cells were harvested from 2-D petri-dish and cultured in 1.5 % soft agarose gels for 10-14 days. After 10-14 days, 3-D hepatic structure was formed and treated with ginsenoside Rh2 (100, 200uM) and Rg5 (10, 50, 100uM) for 72h. Hep3b cells (2×10⁵) in matrigel were suspended in 100 μl of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and then injected into the flanks of BALB/C nude mouse at 6 weeks. Sorafenib (10mg/kg), ginsenoside Rh2 (100 uM) and Rg5 (100 uM) was injected to intra-peritoneum twice a week. After 4 weeks, all mice were sacrificed and tumor tissue was collected. The tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and histological evaluation was conducted by blindly pathologist. Area of necrosis and vascular change in tumor tissue was calculated using the lasso tool to encircle the area in ZEN 2011 Imaging Software. Results: Both ginsenoside Rh2 and Rg5 induced cell necrosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, and more necrosis occurred in 2D models. The expression of cleaved PARP protein was increased in both 2D and 3D cells with exposure to ginsenoside Rh2 and Rg5. The hepatocellular carcinoma was confirmed in hepatoma mouse models by H&E stain. Increased necrosis and telangiectasia were observed in mice treated with sorafenib, Rh2, and Rg5 compared to control mouse. Conclusions: Our findings provide insight into the use of xenograft mouse as models of HCC and ginsenoside Rh2 & Rg5 might be a potential treatment candidate of liver cancer.

Direct Assessment of Wall Shear Stress by Signal Intensity Gradient from Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography

Han, Kap-Soo,Lee, Sang Hyuk,Ryu, Han Uk,Park, Se-Hyoung,Chung, Gyung-Ho,Cho, Young I.,Jeong, Seul-Ki Hindawi 2017 BioMed research international Vol.2017 No.-

<P>The aim of the study was to calculate the arterial wall signal intensity gradient (SIG) from time-of-flight MR angiography (TOF-MRA) and represent arterial wall shear stress. We developed a new algorithm that uses signal intensity (SI) of a TOF-MRA to directly calculate the signal intensity gradient (SIG). The results from our phantom study showed that the TOF-MRA SIG could be used to distinguish the magnitude of blood flow rate as high (mean SIG ± SD, 2.2 ± 0.4 SI/mm for 12.5 ± 2.3 L/min) and low (0.9 ± 0.3 SI/mm for 8.5 ± 2.6 L/min) in vessels (<I>p</I> < 0.001). Additionally, we found that the TOF-MRA SIG values were highly correlated with various flow rates (<I>β</I> = 0.96, <I>p</I> < 0.001). Remarkably, the correlation coefficient between the WSS obtained from the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and the TOF-MRA SIG was greater than 0.8 in each section at the carotid artery (<I>p</I> < 0.001 for all <I>β</I> values). This new technique using TOF-MRA could enable the rapid calculation of the TOF-MRA SIG and thereby the WSS. Thus, the TOF-MRA SIG can provide clinicians with an accurate and efficient screening method for making rapid decisions on the risk of vascular disease for a patient in clinical practice.</P>

The Inhibitory Effect of Lorcaserin on Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Animal Model

( Han Seul Park ),( Jae Young Jang ),( Seoung Won Jeong ),( Sae Hwan Lee ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Sang-woo Cha ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Young Deok Cho ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( Boo Sung Kim ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by a wide spectrum of liver damage spanning steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of lorcaserin on NAFLD in animal model. Methods: The leptin receptor deficient db/db mice and control mice (db/m) were fed a diet deficient in methionine and choline (MCD diet) and control diet for 8, respectively. Twenty mice were divided into 3 groups. The first group was fed a control diet without treatment and referred as the control group. The second group was administered with MCD diet +0.7% DMSO. The third group was administered with MCD diet +0.7% DMSO +5mg/ml of lorcaserin. Change of body weight was observed and blood was collected before sacrifice. After being sacrificed, the liver tissues were collected and fixed in formalin. Histological evaluation was evaluated by blindly pathologist. Results: The body weight of control mice was increased during the study, whereas feeding db/db mice MCD diets for 8 weeks significantly reduced in body weight. Lorcaserin treated group was associated with more rapid body weight loss compared with DMSO-treated controls. MCD diet induced excessive fat accumulation, inflammation, and some fibrosis. Liver enzyme and triglyceride were improved in lorcaserin-treated group compared with DMSO-treated control (DMSO vs lorcaserin: AST 411.3 ±40.26 vs 304.7 ±28.88 (U/L), ALT 544.8 ±38.7 vs 434.5 ±29.68 (U/L), triglyceride 31.8 ±2.02 vs 26 ±1.58 (mg/dL)). Liver histopathology showed that the fat accumulation and inflammatory cell infiltration were decreased in MCD diet +lorcaserin-treated mice compared with MCD diet +DMSO-treated controls. Conclusions: These results showed beneficial effects of lorcaserin against excessive fat accumulation and inflammation as well as liver enzyme. Therefore, our findings indicate that lorcaserin could be contributing to the decline of progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.