The Spider Fauna of Gyeongju National Park, Korea

NamKung, Joon,Choi, Yong-Gun,Shin, Hee-Kwan,Yoo, Sea-Hee national science museum of korea 2008 Journal of Korean nature Vol.1 No.1

The authors has investigated spider fauna of Gyeongju National Park in Gyeongsangbuk-do of Korea from Apr. 2007 to Aug. 2007. The results are as follows: (1) In this report, 192 species of 105 genera belonging to 29 families of spiders have been collected at Gyeongju, National Park, Korea. (2) 178 (92.7%) species are newly added to the fauna of Gyeongju, National Park, Korea. (3) The spider fauna of Gyeongju National Park are composed of 32 northern species (16.7%), 6 southern species (3.1%), 4 Cosmopolitan species (2.1%), 19 Palaearctic temperate speies (9.9%) and 6 Korea endemic species (3.1%). (4) The predominant species of Gyeongju National Park area are known to Araneidae (16.1%), Salticidae (13.5%), Theridiidae (9.4%), Linyphiidae (8.9%), Thomisidae (7.8%) in number. (5) The dominant species of Gyeongju National Park area are showed as Achaearnea tepidariorum, Pholcus extumidus, Neriene nigripectoris, Pardosa astrigera, Pirata procurvus. (6) The common species to comparative with foreign countries are as follows: Gyeongju National Park / China 170 species (88.5%) Gyeongju National Park / Japan 168 species (87.5%) Gyeongju National Park / Russia 116 species (60.4%) Gyeongju National Park / Europe 29 species (15.1%) Gyeongju National Park / America 10 species (5.2%).

The Characteristic of Fish Fauna and Population of Zacco koreanus in the Bongseonsa Stream, Korea

Byeon, Hwa-Kun National Science Museum of Korea 2011 Journal of Korean nature Vol.4 No.4

The characteristic of fish fauna and population Zacco koreanus was investigation in the Bongseonsa Stream Gyeonggi-do, Korea from May to September 2011. The collected species during the survey period were 22 species belonging to 9 families. Among them, one species (Cottus koreanus) was classified as an endangered species in Korea. Ten species (45.5%) were endemic species of Korea. Dominant species was Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (St. 1), Zacco platypus (St. 2, 4, 5, 7), Z. koreanus (St. 3), and Squalidus gracilis majimae (St. 6). When our data were compared with the previous data (1932, 31 species) and this date (23 spcies), Anguilla japonica, Acheilognathus signifer, Hemibarbus labeo, Hemibarbus mylodon, Gnathopogon strigatus, Saurogobio dabryi, psariichthys uncirostris amurensis, Lefua costata, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, Pseudobagrus koreanus, Oryzias sinensis, Trachidermus fasciatus, Coreoperca herzi, Siniperca scherzeri, Micropterus salmoides, Macropodus chinensis and Channa argus 17 species were not sampled, but Pseudorasbora parva, Microphysogobio yaluensis, Orthrias nudus, Silurus microdorsalis, Odontobutis platycephala, Odontobutis interrupta and Micropterus salmoides 7 species could new taxa fiend its existence at the Bongseonsa Stream. Length-weight relation in the population of Z. koreanus was $BW=0.0000007TL^{3.03}$, and condition factor in the population was average 0.78. Frequency analysis of total length indicated that the group 40~80 mm in total length is represented by one-year-old individuals, the group 90~120 mm by two-year-old individuals, and the group over 130 mm by three-year-old individuals. This species was stabilized spawn in the Bongseonsa Stream since then introduction, 2007.

Distribution and Conservation of Long-billed Plovers Charadrius placidus in Korea

Kim, In-Kyu,Lee, Han-Soo,Paek, Woon-Kee,Yoo, Seung-Hwa,Lee, Joon-Woo national science museum of korea 2009 Journal of Korean nature Vol.2 No.2

The Long-billed Plover Charadrius placidus of distribution was surveyed from 2002 to 2005, on rivers, streams and coasts of 38 areas within Korea. The Sum of highest numbers (sum of peak counts) of Long-billed Plovers at 24 sites was 198 individuals. Number of observed individuals during breeding period was 88 individuals, 129 individuals during the migration period, and 56 individuals during the wintering period. The Long-billed Plover breeds and migrates throughout Korea. They spend winter south of $37^{\circ}$ latitude. Highest numbers (73 individuals) were observed at Daejeon. Therefore, streams and rivers of Korea are considered as an important habitat for the Long-billed Plover.

Development of a Mobile Application, "Wild Flowers of Bukhansan National Park (version 1.0)", for Identification of Plants in Bukhansan National Park

Kim, Sang-Tae,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Kim, Seung-Chul,Byun, Hye-Won,Lee, Sang-Tae,Kim, Mu-Yeal,Hong, Seok-Pyo,Chung, Young-Jae,Park, Ki-Ryong,Lee, Chung-Hee,Lee, Joong-Ku,Heo, Kyeong-In,Lee, Ji-Ye,Lee, Eun-Je National Science Museum of Korea 2011 Journal of Korean nature Vol.4 No.3

We developed the educational purpose mobile application, named "Wild Flowers of Bukhansan National Park (version 1.0)", aiming for easy identification of wild flowers for students and visitors in the park. When visitors find a flower or part of plant in the park, visitors can search for its name utilizing the pictures and characters provided in their own smartphone mobile devices or tablet PCs. The application provides pictures of wild flowers in the park and character-based searching system based on 12 diagnostic features (e.g., growth form, leaf arrangement, flower symmetry, petal color, petal number, sepal number, etc). We adopted the complete floristic survey of Chung and Lee (1962) and added species that we confirmed their distribution in the park during the development of this application. In summary, number of vascular plants in this park was estimated to be 428 taxa including 100 families, 280 genera, 327 species, 1 subspecies, 50 varieties, and 5 formas. We provided a total of 588 pictures representing 358 taxa and each taxon includes multiple pictures in many cases. Included identification quizzes can be an efficient educational tool as well as fun activity for students and visitors who are learning plant species in Korea. Our next step will include GPS function in the application for indicating visitor's location and for providing previously reported sites of the species that we interested in the map of the park. The future application which includes GPS function will be a valuable tool for the monitoring of rare plants, plant researches related to the climate changes, etc. We currently provide Korean iPhone version only, and English version and both of android versions will be serviced soon.

Bibliographic Check list of Korean Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) ver. 2010

NamKung, Joon,Yoo, Jung-Sun,Lee, Sue-Yeon,Lee, Joon-Ho,Paek, Woon-Kee,Kim, Seung-Tae national science museum of korea 2009 Journal of Korean nature Vol.2 No.3

A bibliographic checklist of Korean spiders from the 1956 checklist by Paik and Kim is presented, with a complete bibliography of the relevant Korean araneological literature. For the period of 1907-2009, a total of 507 publications on the spiders were extensively searched and records of taxonomic descriptions were included. Records are listed only from the locations within the present borders of South Korea. A total of 681 species of 258 genera belonging to 46 families were confirmed to exist in Korea. Twenty species, namely Pholcus pojeonensis, Pholcus kwangkyosanensis, Pholcus parkyeonensis, Dysdera crocata, Miagrammopes coreensis, Parasteatoda culicivora, Spheropistha melanosoma, Bathyphantes major, Araneus viperifer, Larinia onoi, Neoscona holmi, Pardosa isago, Pardosa monticola, Trochosa spinipalpis, Anahita samplexa, Cheiracanthium lascivum, Cheiracanthium eutittha, Clubiona japonica, Rhene myunghwani, and Sitticus sinensis, whose distribution or existence within the Korean border were uncertain and did not meet the requirements for valid records were excluded from the present list following critical validation. Sixteen species, namely, Clubiona bakurovi, Clubiona corrugata, Clubiona hummeli, Clubiona komissarovi, Clubiona kulczynskii, Clubiona microsapporensis, Clubiona orientalis, Clubiona paralena, Clubiona propinqua, Clubiona proszynskii, Clubiona sapporensis, Mendoza nobilis, Pseudicius koreanus, Sibianor nigriculus, Sitticus penicilloides, and Yllenus coreanus, which have been described or reported to exist in North Korea were listed separately from the present list. From the zoogeographical distribution, Korean spider fauna was found to be influenced by northern species, including 35 Holarctic and 67 Palearctic species, which account for 14.9% of the total number of species. Korean endemic species include 131 species, which account for 19.2% of the total number. Among neighboring countries, Korean spiders are most similar to those found in Japan. This list (ver. 2010) will be revised periodically after this version.

Bird Community of Tandong Stream in Daejeon Metropolitan City

Yu, Jae-Pyoung,Jin, Seon-Deok,Paik, In-Hwan,Paek, Woon-Kee national science museum of korea 2010 Journal of Korean nature Vol.3 No.2

This study carried out over two times in February and May in 2009 was aimed at the survey of the birds inhabiting in the whole region of Tandongcheon (Stream) that runs through Daedeok Science Town in Daejeon Metropolitan city to Gapcheon (Stream) and the adjacent area such as Maebongsan and Seongdusan urban parks. The number of birds observed during the period reached 11 orders, 23 families, 37 species, and 799 individuals (Total sum of maximum individuals). The highest dominant species was Anas crecca that was counted in 153 individuals (19.15%), while the others were Paradoxornis webbianus in 125 individuals (15.64%), Pica pica in 101 individuals (12.64%), Passer montanus in 91 individuals (11.39%), Anas poecilorhyncha in 66 individuals (8.26%), and Hypsipetes amaurotis in 41 individuals (5.13%). By seasons, 28 species 742 individuals were observed in winter while 24 species 337 individuals in spring. Especially it was notable that Amaurornis phoenicurus was observed in winter (February), which is known as a passage migrant not easily seen in Korea. In addition, the legally protected species designated as Korean National Monument in Korea such as Falco tinnunculus, Otus scops, and Ninox scutulata were observed, too.

Insect Fauna of Nine Uninhabited Islands near Aphaedo (Is.), Sinan-gun, Jeonnam

Lim, Jin-Taek,Gang, Seong-Jun National Science Museum of Korea 2011 Journal of Korean nature Vol.4 No.2

9 uninhabited islands near Aphaedo (Is.), Sinan-gun, Jeonnam were studied in order to examine the insect fauna distribution on uninhabited islands of the southwestern coast of Korea. The results of the study confirmed 6 species of 6 families and 2 orders in Yongdo (Is.), 9 species of 9 families and 5 orders in Jakdo (Is.), 9 species of 7 families and 5 orders of Bakkannoruseom (ls.), 8 species of 6 families and 3 orders of Annoru Island, 9 species of 7 families and 5 orders in Komakseom (ls.), 10 species of 5 families and 3 orders in Somumodo (Is.), 8 species of 7 families and 3 orders in Jukdo (Is.), 5 species of 5 families and 3 orders in Daemido (Is.) and 4 species of 4 families and 3 orders of Jeongjudo (Is.).

Wintering Avifauna and Community Changes in response to Agricultural Intensification in Cheorwon, Korea

Yoo, Seung-Hwa,Lee, Ki-Sup,Kim, Jin-Han,Park, Chong-Hwa National Science Museum of Korea 2011 Journal of Korean nature Vol.4 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate changes in avifauna communities of the Civilian Control Zone (CCZ: $N38^{\circ}$ 10'~19', $E127^{\circ}$ 04'~26'), which is the near Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) in Cheorwon, Korea. An analysis was conducted on data that were collected 4 times a year between December and February from December 2001 to February 2011. This study documented changes in bird population affected by artificial feeding and agricultural activity. In this study, a total of 59,393 individuals (maximum number of individuals) of 101 species were observed. In descending order of dominance, dominant species were the White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons), White-naped Crane (Grus vipio), Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Red-crowned Crane (Grus japonensis), Rustic Bunting (Emberiza rustica), and Cinereous Vulture (Aegypus monachus). Over the course of the study, avifauna communities did not show significant increasing or decreasing changes in community indices. However, with the exception of the White-fronted Geese, evenness decreased. Red-crowned Crane and Cinereous Vulture populations experienced significant fluctuations, which were strongly related to changes in the intensity of artificial feeding. In particular, the abundance of Cinereous Vultures tended to decrease as artificial feeding decreased; decreases in artificial feeding were a preventive measure to address concerns regarding the occurrence of infectious diseases, such as avian influenza and foot and mouth disease. Except for Cinereous Vultures, raptors have decreased for the past ten years in all community indices, such as the number of species (r= -0.74, p<0.05), species diversity (r= -0.76, p<0.05), species richness (r= -0.62, p=0.056), and species evenness (r= -0.67, p<0.05). Such a drop in the raptor indices is possibly due to a decrease in area in the CCZ, increasing residential area, agricultural intensification, and decreasing natural areas.

Study on the Development of Evaluation Criteria of Geological Heritage and the Application of Basic Resource Survey

Kim, Tae-Hyeong,Kong, Dal-Yong,Choi, Don-Won,Lim, Jong-Deock national science museum of korea 2009 Journal of Korean nature Vol.2 No.2

This study is to develop the criteria for setting up scientific and quantitative evaluation of the values of Korea's geological heritage sites. The evaluation was made with a checklist on eight locations around Yeongwol-gun, Kangwon-do, which had good accessibility and various geological periods and rocks. Reliability was measured with evaluators' agreement. the result was a satisfying 0.9. The analysis of evaluation results was applied to the judgment of conservation values of geological heritage sites. As analysis results can provide more information on the judgment of geological heritage values and basic resources surveys, emphasis must be placed on the development of more diverse and concrete evaluation items.

Korean Cretaceous Dinosaur Coast: Preservation and Monitoring Plans

Lim, Jong-Deock,Kong, Dal-Yong national science museum of korea 2008 Journal of Korean nature Vol.1 No.1

Dinosaur trackways, skeletons of dinosaur, pterosaurs, crocodilian skulls, fishes, and turtles have discovered from the Cretaceous beds of Korea. Southern coast of the Korean Peninsula brought the worldre-nowned sites for dinosaur, pterosaur and bird tracks. Korean dinosaur trackways provide information of Asian dinosaurs that explain different types of movement and behavior. The smallest sauropod trackway along an adult trackway was found in a site of Goseong. The ornithopods trackways with sauropods in many localities indicate unique paleoecology for the Cretaceous fauna. A famous dinosaur trackway site in Haenam County also produced the world's largest pterosaur tracks. Most of the dinosaur tracks have been studied and recognized by Korean paleontologists since 1982. After the first discovery of dinosaur eggshell fragments in 1972 from the Hasandong Formation in the Gyeongsang Province, more than 30dinosaur track localities have been reported from Cretaceous non-marine deposits. The quality of the dinosaur footprint preservation is excellent and most sites provide a good model of field study and hands-on experience for science education. The world scientific community regards Korean Cretaceous Dinosaur Coast as one of the most important sites in the world to study Cretaceous dinosaurs. The Natural Heritage Center has investigated and researched those dinosaur sites of the National Monuments since 2007. A Data Sheet System for fossil monitoring was invented and initial documentation was fulfilled by collecting site environment factors with biodeterioration stage. The Data Sheet System also includes damage factors by weathering and biological colonization.