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Is Exchange Rate Regime Relevant for Transition from Plan to Market?
Laszlo Halpern 서울대학교 경제연구소 2008 Seoul journal of economics Vol.21 No.2
This paper offers guidelines to the future transformation of North Korea from the perspective of the exchange rate regime. For this reason first the paper reviews the relevant features of exchange rate regimes during the first period of transition from plan until the foundation of the major institutions of a market economy. The embarrassingly rich diversity does not explain success or failure, but permits analyzing the evolving role of exchange rate from fighting hyperinflation to arrive at a sustainable inflation with the possibility to join monetary integration. More specifically, exchange rate regimes of Hungary, Vietnam and the German reunification are analyzed. Finally, the options for North Korea are outlined.
MannudeepK.Kalra,MichaelM.Maher,SrinivasaR.Prasad,M.SikandarHayat,MichaelA.Blake,JoseVarghese,ElkanF.Halpern,SanjaySaini 대한영상의학회 2003 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.4 No.4
Objective: We evaluated the association between patients' weight and abdominal cross-sectional dimensions and CT image quality. Materials and Methods: We prospectively evaluated 39 cancer patients aged more than 65 years with multislice CT scan of abdomen. All patients underwent equilibrium phase contrast-enhanced abdominal CT with 4 slices (from top of the right kidney) obtained at standard tube current (240 280 mA). All other scanning parameters were held constant. Patients' weight was measured just prior to the study. Cross-sectional abdominal dimensions such as circumference, area, average anterior abdominal wall fat thickness and, anteroposterior and transverse diameters were measured in all patients. Two subspecialty radiologists reviewed randomized images for overall image quality of abdominal structures using 5- point scale. Non-parametric correlation analysis was performed to determine the association of image quality with patients' weight and cross-sectional abdominal dimensions. Results: A statistically significant negative linear correlation of 0.46, 0.47, 0.47, 0.58, 0.56, 0.54, and 0.56 between patient weight, anterior abdominal fat thickness, anteroposterior and transverse diameter, circumference, cross-sectional area and image quality at standard scanning parameters was found (p<0.01). Conclusion: There is a significant association between image quality, patients' weight and cross-sectional abdominal dimensions. Maximum transverse diameter of the abdomen has the strongest association with subjective image quality.
( Ami D Sperber ),( Smadar Akiva ),( Moshe Leshno ),( Zamir Halpern ),( Dan Buskila ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2011 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.17 No.1
Background/Aims There is significant co-morbidity between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). However, FMS is diagnosed by physical examination, which limits the conduct of co-morbidity studies in a large population-based study. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic validity of a new symptom-based criteria in patients with FMS and/or IBS using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria as a gold standard. Methods The study participants consisted of women with FMS (n=30), IBS (n=27) and controls (n=28). A new symptom-based diagnostic criteria for FMS comprised a regional pain scale and a visual analogue scale for fatigue. All subjects underwent a physical examination for FMS (ACR criteria) and structured questionnaires of regional pain scale and visual analogue scale for fatigue. A fibromyalgia intensity score was calculated and thresholds of tenderness were determined by a dolorimeter. Results The number of participants diagnosed with FMS in the entire study population (n=85) was 31 by the new criteria. Compared to the ACR, the sensitivity of the new criteria was 82.9%, specificity 96.0%, positive predictive value 93.5% and negative predictive value 88.9%. In addition, new criteria were useful for the diagnosis of FMS among the subjects with IBS. A fibromyalgia intensity score was significantly correlated with the threshold of tenderness (r=-0.62, P<0.001). Conclusions The new symptom-based diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of FMS can be used in large-scale clinical and epidemiological co-morbidity studies, in which physical examination is unfeasible. Gastroenterologists investigating the effects of co-morbid FMS in IBS patients can use these new ciriteria with confidence. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011;17:67-72)
The source counts of submillimetre galaxies detected at λ= 1.1 mm
Scott, K. S.,Wilson, G. W.,Aretxaga, I.,Austermann, J. E.,Chapin, E. L.,Dunlop, J. S.,Ezawa, H.,Halpern, M.,Hatsukade, B.,Hughes, D. H.,Kawabe, R.,Kim, S.,Kohno, K.,Lowenthal, J. D.,Montañ,a, A. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.423 No.1
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>The source counts of galaxies discovered at submillimetre and millimetre wavelengths provide important information on the evolution of infrared‐bright galaxies. We combine the data from six blank‐field surveys carried out at 1.1 mm with AzTEC, totalling 1.6 deg<SUP>2</SUP> in area with root‐mean‐square depths ranging from 0.4 to 1.7 mJy, and derive the strongest constraints to date on the 1.1 mm source counts at flux densities <I>S</I><SUB>1100</SUB>= 1–12 mJy. Using additional data from the AzTEC Cluster Environment Survey to extend the counts to <I>S</I><SUB>1100</SUB>∼ 20 mJy, we see tentative evidence for an enhancement relative to the exponential drop in the counts at <I>S</I><SUB>1100</SUB>∼ 13 mJy and a smooth connection to the bright source counts at >20 mJy measured by the South Pole Telescope; this excess may be due to strong‐lensing effects. We compare these counts to predictions from several semi‐analytical and phenomenological models and find that for most the agreement is quite good at flux densities ≳ 4 mJy; however, we find significant discrepancies (≳ 3σ) between the models and the observed 1.1‐mm counts at lower flux densities, and none of them is consistent with the observed turnover in the Euclidean‐normalized counts at <I>S</I><SUB>1100</SUB>≲ 2 mJy. Our new results therefore may require modifications to existing evolutionary models for low‐luminosity galaxies. Alternatively, the discrepancy between the measured counts at the faint end and predictions from phenomenological models could arise from limited knowledge of the spectral energy distributions of faint galaxies in the local Universe.</P>