"잠재적 교육과정"의 재개념화를 위한 시도: 커뮤니케이션 맥락에서 살펴본 교사가 가르치는 것, 학생들이 배우는 것

김학준 ( Hak Joon Kim ) 한국교육과정학회 2011 교육과정연구 Vol.29 No.3

김종서(1976)를 필두로 본격화된 ``잠재적 교육과정`` 개념 자체에 대한 이론적 접근은 박순경(1996)과 김재춘(2002) 이후 더 이상 진행되지 않고 있다. 그러나 교육적 변화를 가져오는 인지적/비인지적 경험의 근원과 범위, 경계가 분명치 않을 뿐만 아니라, 갈수록 비형식적인 학습의 장들이 더욱 확산되고 있는 학교교육의 상황은, 잠재적 교육과정에 대한 보다 정밀한 탐구를 요구하고 있다. 이 연구는 김학준(2011)이 제기한 커뮤니케이션 이론의 관점을 참조하여, 잠재적 교육과정의 개념을 재정립하려 하고 있다. 작업은, "학교생활의 전사태를 통해서, 실제로 교사는 무엇을 가르치며, 실제로 학생들이 배우는 것은 무엇인가"를 살펴보는 방식으로 진행된다. 이 연구에서 드러나는 잠재적 교육과정의 원천은 대체로 다음과 같다. 즉, ``교사가 가르치고자 하는것``, 교사가 가르치는 내용의 드러나지 않은 ``기본가정과 논리``, 교사가 가르치는 매개로서의 ``공식적인 절차``가 함축하는 모종의 것, 그리고 교사가 가르치는 매개로서의 ``비공식적인 절차``가 함축하는 모종의 것 등이다. 결론적으로 잠재적 교육과정이란 실제로 학생들이 배우게 되는 것을 위한 ``총체적인 교육적 잠재성``(a total educational hiddenness)의 원천으로 규정될 수 있다. ``Hidden Curriculum`` was introduced by Jong-Seo Kim(1976) as a main theme, and the reconceptualization was tried by Soon-Kyeong Park(1996) and Jae-Choon Kim(2002). Now there is no any more trial to do purely theoretical approach on itself. On the other hands, the children are being schooled in such a situation that the origin, scale and boundary of the resource of their cognitive/noncognitive experiences are not defined, and day after day the fields of nonformal learning spread more widely. So, closer study about ``Hidden Curriculum`` is required. This study tried to reconceptualize the conception of ``Hidden Curriculum``, which referred to the communication model raised by Hak-Joon Kim(2011). The process was conducted in due form that looked into ``what the teacher actually taught and what the students actually learned, during the whole situation of schooling. According to the result, the teacher taught A, while the students learned B. The sources of the routes that forced what the students learned differentiate from what the teacher taught, were substantially as followed. First, the students learned what the teachers taught intentionally. Nevertheless, it`s not all what they learned. The second were fundamental premises and logics. The third is what the non-official procedure that the teacher taught implied. and the fourth is what the non-official procedure that the teacher taught implied. And then the students also learned what the teacher did not teach intentionally or un-intentionally, which was enabled through other routes. In brief, ``Hidden Curriculum`` was reconceptualized as total educational hiddenness for what the students actually learned, which transgress the division of intentional/unintentional, or explicit/latent curriculum.

Rat의 복강에 삽입한 Fluorouracil-Polyglycolic acid 제형의 Fluorouracil 용출에 관한 연구

노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,강대영,송규상,최정목,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 忠南大學校 癌共同硏究所 1998 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.2 No.1

A common form of relapse in adenocarcinoma of the stomach is intraperitoneal dissemination, in fact, among gastric adenocarcinoma patients who have undergone surgery intended to cure, approximately 50% of the patients develope initial recurrence in the peritoneal cavity regardless of the anatomic site of the primary tumor within the stomach. The efficacy of systemic postoperative chemotherapy to prevent peritoneal recurrence of gastrric adcnocarcinoma is not satisfactory. There is still a great need for improved therapeutic strategies on the disseminated microscopic disease and small miliary nodules remaining on the peritoneal surface or lymphatics after operation. The authers have made fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(Fu-PGA disks) with fluorouracil and biodegradable polymer: polyglycolic acid for more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy. We inserted the Fu-PGA disk(s) in the peritoneal cavity of rat and pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, plasma, liver, kidney and heart tissue at 24 hour, 72 hour and 168 hour after insertion of Fu-PGA disk(s). Myelosuppressive action of this composite also was determined following its administration. The data of this study suggested that Fu-PGA composite will be a new device releasing drugs in a controlled manner and having targetability to peritoneum, and this device will be improving the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric adenocarcinoma.

Rat의 복강에 삽입한 Filorouracil-Polyglycolic acid제형의 Fluorouracil용출에 관한 연구

노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,강대영,송규상,최정목,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

A common form of relapse in adenocarcinoma of the stomach is intraperitioneal dissemination, in fact, among gastric adenocarcinoma patients who have undergone surgery intended to cure, approximately 50% of the patients develope initial recurrence in the peritoneal cavity regardless of the anatomic site of the primary tumor within the stomach. The efficacy of systemic postoperative chemotherapy to prevent peritoneal recurrence of gastrric adenocarcinoma is not satisfactory. There is still a great need for improved therapeutic strategies on the disseminated microscopic disease and small miliary nodules remaining on the peritoneal surface or lymphatics after operation. The authers have made fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(Fu-PGA disks) with fluorouracil and biodegradable polymer: polyglycolic acid for more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy. We inserted the Fu-PGA disk(s) in the peritoneal cavity of rat and pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, plasma, liver, kidney and heart tissue at 24 hour, 72 hour and 168 hour after insertion of Fu-PGA disk(s). Myelosuppressive action of this composite also was determined following its administration. The data of this study suggested that Fu-PGA composite will be a new device releasing drugs in a controlled manner and having targetability to peritoneum, and this device will be improving the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric adenocarcinoma.

위암 환자의 복강내 투여를 위한 Activated Charcoal-Alginate Bead 제형으로부터 Mitomycin C의 용출 거동

이진호,최선웅,서중기,김동민,정경수,오정연,김진향,노승무,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,강대영,송규상,양준묵,조준식,정현용,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Locoregional recurrence is the most common type of recurrence in surgical operation of gastric adenocarcinoma, and peritoneal dissemination is one of the most difficult problems in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma treatment. Because the peritoneal cavity is the most common site of the first recurrence after gastric cancer resection, intraperitoneal chemotherapy seems a logical choice for cancer chemotherapy. In this study, Mitomycin C (MMC)-activated charcoal (CH)-alginate (ALG) beads were prepared by the mixtures of CH particles adsorbed with MMC as an anti-cancer drug and aqueous alginate solution. The alginate is recognized as biodegradable, nontoxic, and biocompatible. The release of MMC from the beads in 0.1 M Tris buffer was stable and continuous until about 1 week. The MMC-CH-ALG beads can be applied in the peritoneal cavity for intraperitoneal chemotherapy since they provide a good adhesiveness on the tissue and controlled release pattern of the drugs.

위암환자의 복강내에 투여한 Mitomycin C-Carbon Particle의 Mitomycin 용출에 관한 연구

노승무,조영훈,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,강대영,송규상,조준식,최선웅,이진호,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,인현빈,정현용,김학용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Locoregional recurrence is the most common type of recurrence in surgical operation of gastric adenocarcinoma, and peritoneal dissemination is one of the most difficult problems in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma treatment. Because the peritoneal cavity is the most common site of the first recurrence after gastric cancer resection, intraperitoneal chemotherpy seems a logical choice for cancer chemotherapy. The Mitomycin C(MMC) adsorbed by the activated charcoal particles(CH) is relatively released when the drug concentration surrounding the carbon particles becomes low in the peritoneum of the peritoneal cavity. For the intraperitoneal chemotherapy on the advanced gastric adenocarcnoma, mitomycin C adsorbed on activated carbon particles was administered in the peritoneal cavity just before abdominal wall closure. The closed drainage tubes were inserted in the peritoneal cavity and clamped for tuo hours after completion of operation. MMC concentrations were serially measured in peritoneal fluid, plasma and urine at 2hour, 48 hour, 72 hour and 168 hour following its administration in order to study the efficacy of the MMC-CH as a drug delivery system. There were minimal toxicities in born marrow, liver, and gastrointestinal system after intraperitoneal MMC-CH administration. The data of this study suggested that MMC-CH may have a somewhat more beneficial effect than surgery alone when administered in optimal dose and schedules, but the MMC concentration of the peritoneal fluid was not sufficient to eradicate remnant cancer cells, and effective duration of maintenance was only below 24 hours in the peritoneal fluid and plasma.

백서의 복강내에 투여한 Mitomycin-C-Polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

송규상,강대영,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준목,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

To evaluate the in-vivo effects of mitomycin-C-polyglycolic acid composite(MMC-PGA) the disk: shaped composite were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of the Sprague-Dawley rats. The pathologic changes were examined at various time points up to 12 weeks. Initially the soft tissue around the inserted disks showed capillary congestion at 3 days. Inflammatory infiltrates with foreign body giant cells appeared from the 2nd week and reached peak response at 6-8 weeks. These reaction diminished prominently at 12 weeks. No specific pathologic change was found in the liver, the kidneys, and the heart. The above results suggest that the MMC-PGA composite can serve as a new device for intraperitoneal chemotherapy of various types of cancers.

Rat의 복강내에 투여한 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강대영,송규상,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

For more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the authers made 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(FU-PGA disks) with 5-fluorouracil and polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable polymer. We inserted the FU-PGA disk into the peritoneal cavites of Sprague-Dawley male rats, the control and three experimental groups; one FU-PGA disk insert group(300mg/kg), two FU-PGA disk insert group(600mg/kg), and three FU-PGA disk insert group(900mg/kg). The control group received a similar number of PGA disk inserts. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure the 5-fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, blood, and tissues(liver, kidney and heart) at 24 hours, 72hours and 168 hours after insertion of the FU-PGA disk. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. The results were as follows: 1) The number of white blood cells and platelets decreased after FU-PGA insertion. The degree was proportional to the duration and amounts inserted. The change in the number of red blood cells varied slightly. 2) Light microscopically, slight changes were noted at 168 hours in the 3 disk insert group (900mg/kg). Mild fatty change and hepatocyte degeneration around the central veins of the liver were noted, with vacuolar degeneration in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. 3) Electron microscopically,the liver showed focal increases of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, and irregular nuclear membrane with focal nucleolar segregation of the fibrillar and granular elements. Also the double membranous structure of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was widened with bleb formation. The kidney showed wide separation of the nuclear double membrane in the proximal convoluted tubular cells and mesangial cells, with vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubular cells, at 72 hours and 168 hours in the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. The heart showed focal loss of cristae,vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. In conclusion, despite the large amont of FU-PGA inserted, the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart were slight, and consonant with the very low amount of 5-fluorouracil concentrations detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The above results suggest that the FU-PGA composite can serve as a new device for releasing drugs in a controlled manner and easily targeted to intraperitoneal organs. This device can improve the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

蘇聯의 東아시아 政策의 展開過程과 韓半島 : 蘇聯對外政策의 國內的 原泉과의 聯關에서

金學俊 서울대학교 사회과학연구소 1979 社會科學과政策硏究 Vol.1 No.2

플레카노프의 後期 政治思想

金學俊 서울대학교 사회과학연구소 1982 社會科學과政策硏究 Vol.4 No.3

梨木花崗岩의 地球化學的 特性 및 鑛化作用과의 關係

金學俊 慶北大學校 自然科學大學 地質學科 地質學硏究會 1987 伏賢地質 Vol.- No.9

The study area is located in the western part of the Taebaeksan metallogenic province. The area is covered by the Cambro-Ordovician sedimentary rocks of Joseon Supergroup and Imog granite. Imog granite occurs in the middle part of the area. The ore deposits of Imog, Yujon and Dohwa mines are embedded in the Cambro-Ordovician carbonate beds in close association with the granitic body. The purpose of this study is to clarify the relation between Imog granite and mineralization by using geochronology, geochemical characteristics, and petrogenesis. The K-Ar ages of Imog granite obtained from the biotite are 94Ma(Ueda, 1970), 193Ma(Ueda, 1978), 92^±1Ma(Yun, 1985) and 93^±1ma(Yun, 1985). Nowadays it is reliably accepted that the age of Imog granite is Cretaceous. But there are some problems to adopt it. Presence of microcline and geochemical behavior (Rb-Ba-Sr), wave extinction of quartz and kink of biotite give much possibility that the age of Imog granite may be older than Cretaceous. Therefore, to obtain the reliable age of Imog granite, it is necessary to use Rb-Sr method. Ore minerals of this area are Fe-oxides, Fe-sulfides, galena and sphalerite accompanied with small amount of pyrite, chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite. It is certain that the mineralization is related to Imog granite, but good mineralization is not expected at Imog and Yujon mines because the granite body is located near the surface, whereas good mineralization is expected at Dohwa mine because of its thick country rock.